Amaqiniso Nge-Transmission Hepatitis Viral
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-hepatitis ezibandakanya i-hepatitis ye- viral , i- hepatitis ye- autoimmune, i-hepatitis ye-fatty fat, i-hepatitis enoxwala, ne-hepatitis eyakhiwe yi-toxin, okusho ukuthi kunezindlela eziningi umuntu angakwazi ukuzitholela noma ukuthuthukisa isibindi. Uhlobo olulodwa lwe-hepatitis engasakazeka kusuka komuntu oyedwa kuya kwesinye yi-hepatitis ye-viral, kodwa ukuthi lezi zandulela-ngculaza zisakazwa kanjani ngokuvamile aziqondi kahle.
Izinhlobo ze-Viral Hepatitis
Kunezinhlobo eziyisihlanu eziyinhloko ze-hepatitis egazini ebizwa ngokuthi i- hepatitis A (HAV), i- hepatitis B (HBV), i- hepatitis C (HCV), i- hepatitis D (i-HDV), ne- hepatitis E (HEV). Lokho kusho ukuthi kunezimo ze-hepatitis ezinzima ezingenakulinganiswa nenye yalezi zinhlobo ezinhlanu ze-virus ye-hepatitis, utshwala, izidakamizwa, noma isifo esizimele, okuholela abacwaningi ukuzama ukuthola esinye isizathu.
Nakuba i-etiology yalezi zingqungquthela ingakaqali ngokugcwele, abacwaningi baye baqaphela ezinye izinhlobo ezintathu ze-hepatitis yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi (kanye nama virus abo ahlobene), abawaqamba ngokuthi i-hepatitis F (HFV), i-hepatitis G (HFG), kanye negciwane lesandulela ngculaza ( I-TTV). Njengoba izifo ezintsha nezifo ezitholakalayo, ulwazi mayelana nabo nokuthi lusebenza kanjani alufinyeleleki. Nokho, siyazi ukuthi amacala we-TTV ahlanganiswe kuphela ne-hepatitis kubantu abaye baphelelwa igazi .
Imizila Engenayo: Ukudluliselwa kwe-Hepatitis A ne-Hepatitis E
I-virus ye-Hepatitis A ne-hepatitis E (HAV ne-HEV) kokubili isakazwa yi-enteric, okuyiyona yokugaya noma i-fecal, imizila. Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi umzila we-fecal-oral. Ukuze udalulwe kulezi zifo, kufanele ufake ingxube ye-fecal ethintekayo igciwane.
Ngenkathi kunezindlela eziningana lapho lo mzila we-fecal-oral ungasungulwa, ukuhlanzeka okungcolile nezimo ezingcolile kwamanye amazwe kuholela kumazinga aphezulu okutheleleka kwala ma virus.
Ngenxa yalokho, ezinye izindawo zomhlaba, njengeNdiya, eBangladesh, naseCentral naseNingizimu Melika, zivame ukubhekana nesifo se-hepatitis E. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabantu e-United States ziye zahlushwa igciwane le-hepatitis A.
Kukholelwa ukuthi igciwane le-hepatitis F (HFV) lingasakazwa ngemigwaqo ye-enteric.
Imizila yama-Parenteral: Ukudluliselwa kwesifo se-Hepatitis B, i-Hepatitis D, ne-Hepatitis C
I-Hepatitis B, C, ne-D amagciwane (i-HBV, i-HCV, ne-HDV) yonke idluliselwa yilokho eyaziwa ngokuthi umzila wesibindi. I-parenteral isho ukuthi lezi zindiza zingasungulwa yizo zonke izindlela ngaphandle komzila wamathumbu, okushiya umnyango ovulekile ngokusho kokuvezwa okusemandleni. Ake sibheke imizila yokudlulisela ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo zegciwane lesandulela ngculaza eduze kakhulu.
Indlela i-HBV eyasakazwa ngayo
Kungenzeka ukuthi igciwane le-hepatitis B lisakazeke ngamanzi omzimba womuntu onegciwane, okusho ukuthi igciwane lingadluliselwa ngegazi, ukujuluka, izinyembezi, umquba, umuthi, amathe, izicathulo zangasese, igazi lokuya esikhathini, nobisi lwebele lomuntu onegciwane.
Lokho kusho ukuthi, ukushisa kwesibindi B akusho ukuthi usulelekile; abantu abathile abane-HBV empeleni banomthelela.
Amathuba okuvuleka angabandakanya ukwabelana ngesirinji noma ukuthola amathambo noma ukubhoboza umzimba ngamathuluzi onegciwane. Kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuvezwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha kanye nokuxhumana kocansi nokulala. Eqinisweni, cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamacala ahlose we-hepatitis B e-United States zibangelwa ukuvezwa ngokocansi.
Yize i-HBV ingasakazeka ngegazi, ngokuvamile ngokuvamile ingozi enkulu yokuthola igciwane ngokufaka igazi njengoba amazwe amaningi aqala ukuyihlola ngo-1975.
Indlela i-HCV isakazwa ngayo
I-virus ye-hepatitis C idluliselwa ngokuyinhloko ngegazi ekuthintaneni kwegazi, okusho ukuthi umuntu angenwa igciwane uma igazi lomuntu ophethe igciwane lingeniswa emzimbeni wegazi lomunye umuntu.
Ngakho-ke, njenge-hepatitis B, ukumpontshelwa igazi (ngaphambi kuka-1990 kulolu cala), ukudweba umzimba nokubhoboza umzimba, ukutholakala komsebenzi, izinqubo zokwelapha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa kungadala ukutholakala kwegciwane. Ngokungafani ne-hepatitis B, noma kunjalo, ukuthintana ngokocansi nokubeletha kokubili kuboniswe ukuthi kuyindlela engafanele yokuvezwa kwe-HCV.
I-virus ye-hepatitis G icatshangwa ukuthi iyadluliselwa ngendlela efanayo ku-HCV.
Ukudluliswa kwe-HDV
I-virus ye-hepatitis D idluliselwa ngendlela efanayo ne-hepatitis B. I-Hepatitis D, noma kunjalo, ingaba khona kuphela ngegciwane lesifo se-hepatitis B. I-HDV ingabanjwa ngesikhathi esisodwa njenge-HBV (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-co-infection). Lolu hlobo lokutheleleka lwaziwa ukusula umzimba kahle (90% kuya ku 95%). Abanye bathola i-virus ye-hepatitis D ngokwehlukana uma sebevele benesandulela nge-HBV (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-superinfection). Kulezi zimo, u-70% kuya ku-95% uqhubeka ube nesimo esingathí sina esingapheliyo sesifo sofuba.
Imithombo:
Palmer, uMelissa. Isifo Sesibindi Se-Hepatitis. Okudingayo ukwazi. I-New York: I-Avery Publishing Group, 2000.
Isikhungo se-CDC sokuLawula izifo
WHO World Health Organization