Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Cataract

Okudingeka Ukwazi NgoCataract Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Cataract yinkqubo eyenzelwe ukwelapha noma ukususa i- cataracts . I-cataract i-clouding ye- lens yeso . I-cataracts iyinto evamile yokuguga, futhi imbangela ehamba phambili yobumpumputhe phakathi kwabantu asebekhulile kunama-55. Njengoba isifo siba sibi nakakhulu, umbono wakho uba kancane kancane.

Yini ebangela ukubola?

Iningi lethu lizohlakulela i-cataracts esikhathini esithile empilweni yethu.

Ama-cataracts afana nezinwele ezimpunga - abanye bethu bazoba yi-gray emithathu yethu, kepha abanye bethu ngeke babone isiliva kuze kube emashumini eminyaka kamuva. Ama-cataracts angase athuthuke kusencane kwabanye abantu, kodwa abajwayele ukuba abalulekile futhi abonakale bekhubaza abantu abaningi kuze kube sekupheleni kwawo-70.

Izingozi zengqondo yokuthuthukisa i-cataracts :

• Isifo sikashukela
• Ukuhlukunyezwa kweso
• Ukuhlinzwa kweso
• Umlando womndeni we-cataract
• Ukubhema
• Imithi ethile
• Ukuvezwa kwe-UV
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwama congenital

Ubani odingeka ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract?

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Cataract kuyadingeka uma izinga lombono wakho lithinta indlela yakho yokuphila nemisebenzi yansuku zonke. Uma ucabanga ukuthi umbono wakho ungathuthukiswa ngokuba nokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, hlela i- aphoyintimenti yokuhlola iso . Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho kwamehlo okuphelele , udokotela wakho wezilanga uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana zokuxilonga ukuze anqume ubunzima be-cataracts yakho.

Uma ucabangela ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, zibuze imibuzo elandelayo:

• Ingabe kwadingeka ukuba isimiso sakho somuthi we-eyeglass sishintshe kaningi?
• Awuboni yini njengoba ucabanga ukuthi uzokwenza ngezibuko zakho ezintsha?
• Ingabe imibala ibukeka ingcolile?
• Ingabe umbono wakho ubonakala uphansi?
• Ingabe umbono wakho ubi kakhulu ebusuku?
• Ingabe uthola ama-glare noma ama-halos azungeze izibani ngenkathi ushayela ebusuku?
• Ingabe udinga ukukhanya okungaphezulu ukuze ubone ngokucacile?

Uma uphendule "yebo" kunoma yimiphi imibuzo engenhla, i-cataracts ingase ithinte umbono wakho. Ukuhlinzekwa kwe-Cataract kunganconywa uma ukususa ama-lensi afikelwe ukuphathwa kahle.

Udokotela wami uzoqaphela kanjani uma ngidinga ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract?

Ukuhlolisisa amehlo okuphelele nge-optometrist noma i-ophthalmologist kuzokwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ubunzima be-cataracts yakho. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuqhuba umlando wakho wezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi umlando wakho womndeni. Qinisekisa ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwemithi noma ezinye izinto ongazithola. Udokotela wakho uzobe enza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo zokuxilonga ezingafaka phakathi okulandelayo:

• Ubuningi bokubukeka - Ubuciko bokubukeka kuyindlela yokubona kahle. Ukunciphisa kuzokwenziwa ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi kungcono kanjani ukuthi umuthi omusha ungakuletha embonweni wakho.
  
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-PAM - Ukuhlolwa kwe-PAM, noma ukuhlolwa kwamamitha okungaba namandla, kuzotshela udokotela wakho izinga elilinganisiwe lombono olutholiwe uma kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract.
  
• Ukuhlolwa kweLamp Lamp - Ukuhlolwa okuncane kakhulu kwe-lens kweso kuzokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isibani sokuqhafaza ukukala ubunzima be-cataract. Ukunciphisa amehlo akho kuzokwenza udokotela wakho umbono oningiliziwe.

Kufanele ngilungiselele kanjani ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract?

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela indlela yakho yokuphila, izinto zokuzilibazisa nemisebenzi yansuku zonke ukucacisa ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract olungcono kuwe. Khuluma nodokotela wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko noma udokotela uma unenkinga ebalulekile yezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuhlela ukuhlinzwa. Udokotela ohlinzayo wezilanga angase adinge ukuthola imvume evela kudokotela wakho womndeni uma unezinhliziyo noma izinkinga zokuphefumula.

Qinisekisa ukuthi ugcine wonke ama-aphoyintimenti wangaphambi kokuhlinzeka ngodokotela wakho we-eye. Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, udokotela wakho uzodinga ukulinganisa amehlo akho ukuze anqume amandla afanele kanye nomklamo we- intraocular lens implant okuzofakwa esweni lakho.

Shayela inkampani yakho yomshuwalense ukunquma izindleko. Nakuba amahhovisi amaningi okuhlinza i-cataract amahle kakhulu ekunqumeni izindleko ezingaphandle kwe-pocket ezihambisana nokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuba nomqondo oyisisekelo wezinkampani ezidonswayo noma izinkokhelo ezingase zibe khona ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ungase ube nezindleko ezingalindelekile, njengokukhokha esikhungweni sokuhlinzeka lapho ukuhlinzwa kuzokwenziwa khona. Qiniseka ukuthi wonke odokotela bakho bangaphakathi-inethiwekhi ngaphandle uma kuyiphuthumayo.

Hlela usuku lwakho lokuhlinzwa ngokufanele. Ungagqoki ama- eye makeup kwindawo yokuqashwa kwakho. Qhubeka nokulashwa kwamehlo noma amaconsi eso enqunywe yi-cataract surgeon yakho. Qinisekisa ukuthi unomngane noma ilunga lomndeni eliboshwe ukuze lihanjiswe ekhaya ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ukuhlinzwa ngokwayo kungadlula kuphela imizuzu engu-15 kodwa ungase ube esikhungweni sokuhlinza noma esibhedlela isikhathi samahora angu-1-2 kufaka phakathi isikhathi sokulungiselela nokubuyisela.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract?

Ukwelashwa kwe-Cataract ngokuvamile kuyinkqubo yangaphandle-yesiguli, okusho ukuthi uzobuyela ekhaya ngosuku olufanayo lokuhlinzwa. Ngosuku lokuhlinzeka kwakho, ungase unikezwe amaconsi amancane futhi anamehlo azofakwa ukuze umfundi akhohlise. Isikhumba esizungezile iso lakho nejwabu leso lizohlanzwa futhi lihlolwe. Umdwebo oyinyumba uzobekwa phezu kwekhanda lakho futhi eduze kweso lakho. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Cataract kwenziwa nge-anesthesia encane. Eqinisweni, kuphela amaconsi e-eye anesthetic ayadingeka kuma-98% amacala.

Ukuze uqale ukuhlinzeka, ukucubungula okuncane kuzokwenziwa endaweni yengxenye ye- cornea yakho, isakhiwo esicacile se-dome esifundeni saso iso. Okulandelayo, isikhwama se-capsule noma i-lens sizovulwa. Inqubo encane ye-ultrasonic izofakwa efweni lakho. Le probe izoqeda i-cataract ngesilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu sejubane futhi izinto ezisele zizokhishwa. Ukufakela kwe-lens entsha, ecacile kuyobe efakwe esweni lakho ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa okuncane okuncane futhi kufakwe endaweni. Ukukhwabanisa kuzobe sekuzibophezela futhi akudingi ukugxila kuma-99% amacala.

Yini engingayilindela emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract?

Iso lakho lingase libe nomuzwa omncane noma oqhamukayo ngamahora angu-24-48 okuqala ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract. Umbono wakho ungase uphazamise ngenxa yokwehlisa kanye namafutha okubulala ama-antibiotic ngezinye izikhathi afakwa ngokuqondile ngemva kokusebenza. Uzonikezwa amaconsi ambalwa ahlukene ukuze uwasebenzise emasontweni ambalwa emva kokuhlinzwa. Qinisekisa ukuthi yonke imiyalelo yakho igcwaliswe ngesikhathi esifanele ekhemisi yakho. Lawa amaconsi asehlose asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nokuphatha ukuvuvukala.

Kufanele ugweme ukuthinta nokugubha iso lakho. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo cishe uyokuyala ukuba ulale ngesikhumba sokuvikela ebusuku ukuze ugweme umunwe wengozi esweni lakho. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuhlinzwa, kulungile ukusebenzisa amehlo akho ukufunda, ukubhala noma ukubukela ithelevishini. Kufanele ugweme ukugoqa phezulu nokuphakamisa izinto ezinzima ngesonto lokuqala noma ezimbili ukuhlinzwa okulandelayo.

Iso lakho lingase livuke kancane emva kokuhlinzwa okungabangela umbono obonakalayo obonakalayo weviki lokuqala noma kunjalo. Udokotela wakho cishe uzokucela ukuthi ungene ukuvakashelwa okulandelelanayo ukuze uhlole lokhu kuvutha kanye nekhwalithi yombono wakho.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezikhona zokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract?

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Cataract kungenye yezindlela zokuphepha eziphephile ezenziwe ngamacala angu-98% okwenzeka ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Izinkinga ze-post-operative ngezikhathi ezithile zingakhula, kuhlanganise okulandelayo:

• Ukutheleleka - Ukutheleleka ngqo emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract kungaba yingozi kakhulu futhi kubhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo iso. Uma unezinhlungu ezingaphezu kokulindeleke noma ukubomvu, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
• Ukuvuvukala - Inani elithile lokuvuvukala kulindeleke ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract. Ukuvuvukala kungabangela ukuzwela ukukhanya, ubuhlungu noma amehlo aphikisayo.
• Ukuvuvukala - Ukuvuvukala ngemuva kwe-retina kungenzeka kwezinye iziguli. Nakuba ngokuphathelene nalokhu, kuvame ukuxazulula iziguli eziningi zingakapheli inyanga noma ngaphezulu.
• Isidumbu esiphendukayo - Ezinye iziguli zisengozini encane yokuthuthukisa imishini yokubuyisela emuva ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract. Uma ubona amachashazi, ama- floaters noma ukukhanya kokukhanya, shayela udokotela wakho we-eye.
• I-hazel capsular haze - I-capsule ngemuva kokufakela kwe-lens entsha ingase isheshe futhi ingabi namaphesenti kuma-20-40% weziguli ezilandela ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract. Umbono wakho ungaba mkhulu kakhulu. Inqubo elula ye laser eyaziwa ngokuthi " Yag capsulotomy " ingenziwa ukuze isuse le capsule engenangqondo.

Isikhathi sokuvuselela

Iningi labantu lilulama ngokushesha ekuhlinzekeni kwe-cataract, kodwa abanye bangabuyela kancane kancane kunabanye. Iziguli eziningi zokuhlinzwa ze-cataract zididekile ngemuva kokuba zihlinzekwe nge-cataract futhi umbono wabo ubonakala unzima kakhulu futhi uphuthuma ukuthuthukisa. Ukuqeda isikhathi sokuphumula kuyahluka kodwa abantu abaningi bazoba nokubomvu, ukuvuvukala nokubukeka okubonakalayo kuze kube ngesonto elilodwa. Ubomvu buvame ukusula ngokushesha. Ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kweso kusukela ekuhlinzekeni kuvame ukuhamba ngeviki noma ezimbili. Ukuvutha kubonakala odokotela besebenzisa i-biomicroscope lamathambo okubamba. Amangqamuzana okuvuvukala nama-debris abonakala engxenyeni engaphambili yeso. Kwezinye iziguli, ukuvuvukala kungaba nenkani futhi kungase kuphele ngisho nje izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Iningi leziguli libona umbono obonakalayo ngezinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi umbono ubonakala ngokucacile futhi ocacile usuku ngalunye. Ngezinye izikhathi, ezinye iziguli ziyoba ne-edema ebalulekile noma ukuvuvukala engxenyeni yangaphambili yeso. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungadala umbono obonakala kahle kunabantu abaningi abazwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, ngokunakekelwa kokuthunyelwa komzimba okudingekayo kanye nemithi, kuvame ukusula ngokushesha. Odokotela abaningi abahlinzayo bahlela ukulandela ukuvakashelwa ngolunye usuku ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ngesonto elilodwa futhi futhi emavikini angu-3-4. Ukuphulukisa okuningi kwenzeka ngokuphelele futhi umbono ubonakala uzinzile ngamasonto amane emva kokuhlinzwa.

Izindlela Zokuvuselela Ukusheshisa

Iningi labantu abane-cataract surgery lizobona ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo embonweni ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Umuntu angakwazi ukusheshisa ukululama ngokufaka zonke izinhla zamaso ezinqunywe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa njengoba kuqondiswe. Futhi, kubalulekile ukuba iminwe ingaboni emehlweni futhi indawo ephakathi kwamehlo ihlanzekile.

Izixazululo zezinkinga ezivamile

Ukwelashwa emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract akuvamile. Nokho, kungaba nzima kakhulu. Ukutheleleka kungavinjelwa ngokusebenzisa i-antibiotic iso ehla ngokuqondile njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho ohlinzayo. Odokotela abahlinzayo basebenzisa amasu angenayo ekamelweni lokusebenza ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.

Ukuvutha kuvamile emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract. Ukuvuvukala kungase kuhambisane isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kodwa ngokuvamile kukhishwa kalula ngokusetshenziswa kwamaconsi ehlosi ye-steroid ephezulu. Ngokuvamile, iziguli zinikezwa amaconsi amathathu e-iso: i-antibiotic, i-steroid kanye ne-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (efana ne-ibuprofen.) Nakuba konke kubalulekile, indlela eqondile ngayo isitifiketi ithathwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqedeni ukuvuvukala kokuthunyelwa komzimba. Ngokuvamile, uyalwa ukuba usebenzise amahlumela e-steroid njalo, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namahora amabili, bese kuthi ama-steroid aphethwe phansi kwamasonto ambalwa.

Ukuvuvukala kungenzeka ngemuva kwe-retina (i-macula) enombolweni encane yeziguli ezine-cataract operation. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-cytoid macular edema (i-CME.) I-CME ingaba nenkani kodwa ngokuvamile ixazulula ngokuqhubekayo ngokuqhubeka nokungahambisani nesifo se-anti-inflammatory isikhathi eside. Uma ingasombululi, isazi singayifaka imithi ngqo iso. Odokotela abahlinzayo bahluka endleleni abaphatha ngayo le nkinga.

Imishini yokutakula iyinkimbinkimbi enkulu yokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract. Kunzima ukuvimbela le nkinga ngoba kunzima ukubikezela ukuthi iziphi iziguli ezizoziphazamisa. Kwenzeka kaningi kubantu abaseduze noma kulabo ababenenkinga noma i-detectment yangaphambilini. Kungcono ukulalela udokotela wakho wokuhlinza futhi ugcine wonke ama-post-operative aphoyintimenti. Izimpawu zamasosha wokutakula zibukeka kahle, izibhamu, ukukhanya kokukhanya noma iveli noma okuyikhawundi okungase kuthuthuke embonweni wakho.

Iphunga eliphansi le-capsular libuye libe yinkinga ejwayelekile ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, kodwa iphathwa kalula. Ingxenyeni engemuva ye-capsule lapho ubunzima buqala khona kususwa kalula yi-laser.

Ukufunda Ngemva Kokuhlinzwa

Emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, ezinye iziguli zesaba ukusebenzisa amehlo abo, noma ukhathazekile ukuthi ukufunda kakhulu kuzokuphuza ukuphulukisa. Ngokuyinhloko, ungafunda noma usebenzise amehlo akho ngendlela ofuna ngayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ufunda ngokuningi, amehlo akho angase ayomile ngokwengeziwe. Uma ufunda noma usebenzise ikhompuyutha isikhathi eside, uvame ukungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi amehlo akho angazizwa eyomile. Uma udinga ukufunda okuningi, faka udokotela watusa izinyembezi zokufakelwa njalo. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukufaka imishanguzo yakho yokuthunyelwa kokusebenza ngokuqondile njengoba kufundiswe.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, abantu abaningi bayoba nombono ohluke ngokuphelele futhi bangadinga imithi esisha ngokuphelele ye-bifocals noma izibuko zokufunda. Nakuba ezinye iziguli zingadinga ukunakekelwa okunwetshiwe, isikhathi sokuphulukisa cishe cishe amasonto amane emva kokuhlinzwa. Emasontweni angaba amane, uma umbono ubonakala uzinzile, udokotela uzokhipha i-glass glass entsha iso uma kudingeka. Kuye ngohlobo lwe-cataract operation, izibuko kungenzeka zingadingeki nhlobo.

> Umthombo:

> Murrill, uCynthia. Umhlahlandlela Wokusebenza Ngokwelashwa Optometric Ukunakekelwa Kwesineke Sabantu Abadala Nge-Cataract, Umhlahlandlela Wokubhekisela Kwabahlengikazi. Ilungiselelwe yi-American Optometric Association (AOA) I-Panel Yokubambisana, evunywe yi-AOA Board of Trustees, ngoMashi 1999, ibuyekezwe ngo-2004.