Uke wabona igama elithi "Umphenduli Wokuqala" ekuphrintiwe noma okukhulunywe ngumuntu obengumongameli noma ababili. Lezi zinsuku, zisetshenziswe kakhulu, kodwa zaqala njengesihloko se-EMS, sigcwaliswe nge-capital.
Okushiwo uMphenduli Wokuqala kuncike lapho uhlala khona, kodwa mhlawumbe akuyona i- ambulensi .
Ukubhekana Nezimo Eziphuthumayo Zezokwelapha
Ubuhlobo Bokuqala Abaphenduli kuma-ambulensi buhlukile ku- EMS .
Ngokungafani nokuphoqelelwa komthetho noma ukususwa komlilo, lapho umuntu wokuqala efika khona endaweni yesehlakalo kudingeka abe namandla okuhlasela isimo (izibhamu noma ukuqhuma, kuye ngokuthi kunesidingo), iziphuthumayo zezokwelapha kufanele zibhekiswe ezinyathelweni ezimbili ezihlukene:
- Yeka isimo esiphuthumayo sokuqhubeka nemiphumela emibi kakhulu
- Ukuthutha isiguli ekunakekeleni okuphelele (umnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela, isikhungo sokushisa, isikhungo sokuhlukumezeka, ibhubhu lokugcoba inhliziyo, njll)
I-ambulensi iyadingeka ukuthutha isiguli, kodwa abanye abaphenduli bezokwelapha bangenza isinyathelo sokuqala. Babizwa ngokuthi ama- R ab- R , i-term evolved media-ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-9/11-ukusho bonke abasabelayo eziphuthumayo, kodwa ngokusemthethweni kubhekisela kubantu abadokotela abashaya i-ambulensi endaweni yesehlakalo. Abaphenduli bokuqala abavame kakhulu abagibeli bezimoto, kodwa kunezinye izibonelo ezweni lonke, kuhlanganise nezimo eziphuthumayo ezizimele eziMotweni Zokuphendula Ngokushesha (QRV) noma ngisho nasebhayisikili.
Iziphathimandla zomthetho zingakwazi futhi ukufeza indima yoMlingisi Wokuqala.
Ukubaluleka Kobudlelwane Ngezikhathi Zokuphendula
Izimpendulo zivame ukubonakala njengesici esibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ezintathu: ukuphoqelelwa komthetho, ukucindezelwa komlilo, kanye nezinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo (EMS). Kwavela ngale ndlela ngoba iziphuthumayo kuzo zonke izinsizakalo ezintathu zingakhuphuka ngokushesha futhi abaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo bangakwazi ukwenza okuthile ukuze bayeke uma befika lapho ngesikhathi.
Amaphoyisa angase amise umhlukumezi ukuba angalimazi (noma enze umonakalo omkhulu kunalokho okwenzile kakade); umnyango womlilo uzokwazi ukukhulula izisulu esakhiweni esivuthayo; I-EMS ingase ikwazi ukuvuselela umuntu oboshwe inhliziyo (enye yezinombolo ezincane kakhulu zezokwelapha eziqinisekisiwe zokuholela ekufeni uma zingelashwa kahle futhi ngokushesha).
Kungenzeka ukuthi isizathu esivame kakhulu ukuthi izikhathi zokuphendula zikhathazeka ngoba umphakathi ulindele ukukhala usizo ukuze uphendule masinyane nangomqondo wokuphuthuma. Sifuna ukucabanga nge-ambulensi ikhala phansi emgwaqweni izibani zikhanya futhi ukukhala kwamabhongo. Ngeke kube khona isimo esiphuthumayo esibaluleke kakhulu kunesidingo sethu esiphuthumayo.
Esikhathini esiningi, nokho, imizuzu ayibali-okungenani hhayi ngama-ambulensi. Asikho isifundo esisodwa esithinta imiphumela emihle yeziguli (iziguli ziba ngcono) kanye nama-ambulensi afika ohlangothini lwesiguli ngaphambili. Lokho akusho ukuthi umuntu akufanele afinyelele lapho masinyane, kodwa akudingeki abe yi-ambulensi.
Izindlela Zokufinyelela Ngokushesha
Izinguquko eziningana zithinta izikhathi zokuphendula-ithrafikhi, i-geography, ukwehluleka kwemishini, izinqubo zokuthumela, njll-kodwa ukuguquguquka okubaluleke kakhulu ukutholakala kwezinsiza.
Uma kukhona njalo i-ambulensi ehlezi imizuzu eyishumi kude nawe uma ubiza 911 , noma yiliphi ucingo oluphuthumayo lungathola i-ambulensi kungakapheli imizuzu eyishumi. Umthetho olula.
Ukuhlala njalo nalawo ma-ambulensi atholakele kuzoholela endaweni engakapheli imizuzu eyishumi ngamaphesenti angu-100 yesikhathi. Indlela kuphela yokwenza abaphenduli beqiniso behlale bekhona ngesikhathi bekungaba ukukhukhumeza uhlelo ngezinsiza. Lokhu akukwenzeka ngoba ukutholakala kwemithombo kudinga imali. Ihora ngalinye lokutholakala-okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ihora-iyunithi-inezindleko eziningi ezihambisana nalo: amaholo abasebenzi, amafutha, ukugqoka nokudiliza imishini, izindleko zokuthenga izinto, izindleko zokuqeqesha, njll.
Lokhu kudala ukuncintisana phakathi kwezinto zangempela zezindleko zezimali kanye nokulindela kwensizakalo yabahlali.
Esikhundleni sokhetho olubi kakhulu lokungeza amahora amaningi kuhlelo, kungenzeka ukhiqiza ukukhiqizwa okwengeziwe kwehora ngalinye leyunithi ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Uma i-ambulensi ngayinye ingaphendula izingcingo eziningi zesevisi ngehora, isidingo sezinsiza ezengeziwe sinciphisa. Kuba ibhalansi engabonakala ohlelweni oluphatha kahle izinsiza zalo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, omasipala abaningi balinganisa izikhathi zokuphendula njenge-proxy empilweni yesistimu ye-EMS. I-lower (AKA esheshayo ) izikhathi zokuphendula, ngcono uhlelo lusebenza.
Ingabe Abaphenduli Bokuqala Kufanele Abe-Paramedics?
Ekhuluma ngemali, kukhona impikiswano e-EMS mayelana nokuthi yiyiphi i-First Responder engcono, i-EMT noma i-paramedic. Ukwesekwa kokuphila okuthuthukisiwe (ALS) Abaphenduli bokuqala bane-paramedic ebhodini kanye nokusekelwa kokuphila okuyisisekelo (BLS) Abaphenduli bokuqala banomchwepheshe wezezimo eziphuthumayo (EMT). Ama-paramedics ayabiza kakhulu.
Uhlu oluncane lwezinqubo okumelwe zenziwe ngempela phakathi namaminithi okuqala kokuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha (i- CPR , ukuchithwa kwemfucuza , ukulawula ukuphuma kwegazi , ukuphathwa kwe-epinephrine , nokucindezela okuhle kwe-ventilation) yizo zonke izinqubo ezingenziwa yi-EMT's. Uma lezi zinto seziqalile, isimo esiphuthumayo sesinqanyisiwe, noma okungenani sehlile. Isiguli cishe sidinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo nokuthutha ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okuqondile, kodwa imizuzu embalwa eyengeziwe ngeke yenze umehluko omkhulu kuleli phuzu. Abaphenduli bokuqala kudingeka basondelane (okusho ukuthi sidinga okuningi) futhi kuyatholakala ukuphendula ngokushesha uma ubiza 911. Ukusebenzisa abaphenduli be-BLS bokuqala kusiza ukuthi kube khona.
Isimo Esiyingqayizivele
Ake ngisebenzise isibonelo sokuboshwa komzimba ukubonisa ukuthi kusebenza kanjani:
- Inhliziyo yesineke iyeka ukushaya igazi ngokwanele (ukuboshwa komzimba).
- Izingcingo ze-stander 911 bese ziqala i-CPR (Ummeli we-CPR, uhlobo lwezokunakekelwa kwe-BLS).
- Abaphenduli bezokwelapha bafika futhi baqhubeke beqhuba i-CPR, manje ngokungeziwe kokuphefumula ukuphefumula (ukunakekelwa kwe-BLS, okungenziwa yi-BLS noma i-ALS First Responders, noma yiliphi i-ambulensi, futhi kufanele iqalwe kungakapheli imizuzu emihlanu yokuthumela kwangempela).
- Abaphenduli bezokwelapha bafaka isigulabatorator esigulini futhi bashaqe inhliziyo (ukunakekelwa kwe-BLS, okungenziwa yi-BLS noma i-ALS First Responders, noma iyiphi i-ambulensi, futhi kufanele iqalwe kungakapheli imizuzu emihlanu yokuthumela kwangempela).
- Abaphenduli bezokwelapha baqala umugqa wokubamba iqhaza ukuze banikeze uketshezi kanye nemithi (ukunakekelwa kwe-ALS, engenziwa yi-ALS First Responders noma ama-ambulensi we-ALS, futhi kufanele iqalwe kungakapheli imizuzu eyishumi yokuthumela kwangempela).
- Izimpendulo zezokwelapha zibeka umoya ohamba phambili ukuze zivuselele isiguli (ukunakekelwa kwe-ALS, okungenziwa yi-ALS First Responders noma ama-ambulensi we-ALS, futhi kufanele iqalwe kungakapheli imizuzu eyishumi yokuthumela kwangempela).
- Abaphenduli bezokwelapha banikeza imithi kwisiguli (ukunakekelwa kwe-ALS, okungenziwa yi-ALS First Responders noma ama-ambulensi we-ALS, futhi kufanele iqaliswe kungakapheli imizuzu eyishumi yokuthumela kwangempela).
- Abaphenduli bezokwelapha balungiselela isiguli sokuthutha esibhedlela futhi balayishe isiguli ku-ambulensi (sidinga i-ambulensi, okufanele itholakale ohlangothini lwesiguli kungakapheli imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu yokuthumela kwangempela).
Izinyathelo ezimbili zokuqala zenzeka ngaphambi kokuba abaphenduli bafike. Izinyathelo ezintathu nezine zingenziwa yinoma yimuphi umphenduli we-ALS noma we-BLS, i-ambulensi noma injini yomlilo. Izinyathelo ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa zidinga usizo oluphuthumayo futhi kufanele zibe nezimpendulo ze-ALS, injini yomlilo, noma i-ambulensi. Isinyathelo lesishiyagalombili sidinga i-ambulensi.
Akusikho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusebenzisa izimo eziphuthumayo kungase kuzwakale njengokunciphisa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, kodwa ngonyaka ka-2005, i- USA Today yanyathelisa uchungechunge oluthile lwamahlanu olubonisa ukuthi izinhlelo ze-EMS ezinama-paramedics ambalwa empeleni zinezinga eliphezulu lokusinda ngokuboshwa komzimba. Uma ufonela u-911 ngesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha, ungesabi uma umuntu okulindele engabonisi ekuqaleni. Umphenduli wokuqala uyazi ukuthi angayisiza kanjani.
> Imithombo:
> Sanghavi P, Jena AB, i-Newhouse JP, i-AM Zaslavsky. Imiphumela Emva kokuphuma kwe-Hospital Cardiac Ukuboshwa Okuphathwe yi-Basic vs Advanced Life Support. I-JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Feb; 175 (2): 196-204. doi: 10.1001 / jamainternmed.2014.5420.
> Sanghavi P, Jena AB, i-Newhouse JP, i-AM Zaslavsky. Imiphumela ye-Basic Basic Versus Advanced Life Support ye-Out-of-Hospital Hospital Eziphuthumayo. U-Ann Intern Med . 2015 Nov 3; 163 (9): 681-90. i-doi: 10.7326 / M15-0557. I-Epub 2015 Oct 13.