Okukwenzayo nokuthi Sisetshenziswa Kanjani
I-insulini iyi-hormone enesandla ezinkambweni eziningana emzimbeni wakho. Akusizi nje kuphela ukusiza i- carbohydrate ye- metabolizing nokugcina i-glucose yamandla kumaseli, futhi kusiza ukusebenzisa amafutha, amaprotheni, namaminerali athile oyidlayo. Ngenxa yokuthi le hormone ibaluleke kakhulu ekusizeni umzimba wakho usebenzise ukudla okudlayo, inkinga nge-insulin ingaba nomthelela omkhulu kuwo wonke amasistimu, izicubu, nezitho zomzimba wakho-ngqo noma ngokungaqondile.
Uma une-type 2 yesifo sikashukela, ukufunda ukuthi i-insulini isebenza kanjani ingakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi kungani ezinye izimo eziningi zezokwelapha zihlotshaniswa nesifo sikashukela, kungani ezinye izindlela zokuphila zizuzisa, nokuthi umzimba wakho uphendukela kanjani ekudleni.
Lapho I-Insulin Ikhiqizwa khona
I-insulini iyi-hormone eyenziwe iphrotheni elincane le-polypeptide elifihlelwa yi-pancreas, elisebenza njenge-endocrine ne-exocrine gland. Izigulane ze-endocrine ziyi-system of glands ezibeka ama-hormone ukulawula imisebenzi yomzimba, kanti izigulane ze-exocrine ziyasiza ekugayeni.
I-pancreas ihlezi ngemuva kwesisu, ehlanganiswe emgqeni we duodenum (ingxenye yokuqala yomathumbu amancane), futhi iqukethe amaqoqo amangqamuzana okuthiwa ama-Langerhans. Izitshalo zakhiwa ngamaseli e-beta, akhiqiza futhi akhululwe i-insulin egazini.
Indlela i-Insulin isebenza ngayo
I-insulin ithinta ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, kanye namafutha we-metabolism. Umzimba wakho uphula lezi izakhi zibe yi-molecule, i-amino acid molecule, nama-molecular lipid.
Umzimba ungagcina futhi uhlanganise lezi moleculeli zibe izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi. I-insulini ibangela isitoreji salezi zakhi, kanti elinye i-hormone ye-pancreatic ebizwa ngokuthi i- glucagon ibakhulula ekugcineni.
I-insulini ibandakanyeka esenzweni sokulinganisela ngokucophelela komzimba wakho ukuze ugcine izinga lakho lokushukela egazini ngaphakathi kohlobo olujwayelekile.
Ngamazwi alula:
- Uma ushukela wegazi lakho liphakeme : I-pancreas ikhipha i-insulin ukusiza amangqamuzana adle i-glucose egazini ukuze ahlasele amazinga kashukela egazini.
- Uma ushukela wegazi lakho liphansi : I-pancreas ikhipha i-glucagon ukusiza isibindi sokukhululwa kwe-glucose egcinwe egazini ukuze kuphakanyiswe amazinga kashukela egazini.
Amazinga kashukela egazini aphakama lapho ukudla okuningi kudla, kodwa kukhula ngokushesha futhi ngokunamandla nge-carbohydrate . Uhlelo lokugaya lukhulula i-glucose ekudleni futhi ama-molecule we-glucose agxila egazini. Amazinga e-glucose ekhulayo abonisa ukuthi ama-pancreas ahlanganisa i-insulini ukuze asuse iglucose egazini. I-insulini ibopha nge-insulin receptors kuma-cell surfaces futhi yenza njengesihluthulelo sokuvula amangqamuzana ukuthola i-glucose. I-insulin receptors cishe cishe zonke izicubu, kufaka phakathi amaseli omzimba nama-fat cells.
I-insulin receptors inezinxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko-izingxenye zangaphakathi nezingaphakathi. Ingxenye yangaphandle iphuma ngaphandle kweseli bese ibopha nge-insulin. Uma kwenzeka lokhu, ingxenye yangaphakathi ye-receptor ithumela isignali ngaphakathi kweseli yabagibeli be-glucose ukuze bahlangane phezulu futhi bathole i- glucose . Njengoba ushukela wegazi kanye namazinga e-insulini wehla, ama-receptors ayinalutho futhi abagibeli be-glucose babuyela esitokisini.
I-insulini nohlobo lwesibili sikashukela
Esimweni esiphelele, i-glucose esuka kuma-carbohydrate isuswa ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, uma kune- insulin yokumelana (amangqamuzana aphikisana ne-insulin), lokhu akukwenzeka futhi kugcina amazinga aphezulu e-glucose abe yinkinga. Ukuphikiswa kwe-insulini kungabangelwa inkinga ngokuma kwe-insulin (ukuvimbela i-receptor ukubopha), ukungenayo i-insulin receptors eyanele, izinkinga zokusayina, noma abathwali be-glucose abangasebenzi kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana ne-insulini kungenzeka uma umuntu enesisindo esiningi noma amanoni. Amafutha avimbela i-insulin ekwenzeni umsebenzi wayo, cishe ukudala inkambo ethile yokuvimbela ukusebenza.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isizathu esithile, umsebenzi we-insulin awunzima.
Ukuphikiswa kwe-insulin kuvela ngaphambi kokuba uhlobo lwe-2 lwesifo sikashukela lutholakale . Ukwenza i-insulin encane engasebenzi, ama-pancreas asebenza isikhathi esengeziwe ukuze ukwandise umkhiqizo we-insulin. Ekugcineni, ezinye ze-insulini zisebenza futhi amazinga ashukela egazi ahlala evamile okwesikhashana. Njengoba ukuvimbela kwe-insulini kukhula futhi ama-pancreas akakwazi ukuhambisana nesidingo, amazinga e-glucose aqala ukuphakama nesifo sikashukela kutholakala lapho amazinga ephakeme kakhulu. Uma lesi simo siqhubeka, isikhathi esiyinkinga ama-pancreas kufanele sisebenze futhi ngokushesha lawo maseli e-insulin ayenuka noma alahleke futhi afe.
Indlela Ethinta I-Metabolism Ye-Fat
I-carbohydrate ne-fat metabolism zixhumene kakhulu futhi zombili zithonywa yi-insulin. Uma i-insulin ingasebenzi kahle, izinkinga zingenzeka. Isibonelo, amazinga aphezulu e-insulini angathumela izimpawu ezingalungile ebuchosheni. Lezi zibonakaliso zitshela ubuchopho ukuthi kune-insulin eyedlulele nokuthi amaseli akho alambile nge-glucose. Ngakho-ke, ekuphenduleni kwakho, ubuchopho bakho budala izifiso ze-carbohydrate, kusho umzimba wakho ukugcina amafutha, futhi uyala ama-carbohydrate ukuba ashiswe amandla kunokuba abe namafutha omzimba. Lesi esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani ukulahlekelwa isisindo kungaba nzima uma uthayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2.
I-insulin nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amazinga aphezulu e-triglyceride:
- Esibindi : I-insulini ivuselela indalo nokugcina i-glycogen kusuka ku-glucose. Amazinga aphezulu e-insulin enza ukuba isibindi sithwale iglycogen. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, isibindi sichasa isitoreji esengeziwe. I-glucose isetshenziselwa ukudala ama-acid acids aguqulwa abe yi-lipoproteins futhi akhululwe egazini legazi. Lawa awela emafutheni ama-acids mahhala kanti asetshenziswa kwezinye izicubu. Amanye ama-tissue asebenzisa lawa ukudala i- triglycerides .
- Ezingxenyeni ze-Fat : I-insulini ivimba ukwehla kwamafutha futhi ivimbela ukuwohloka kwe-triglyceride ibe ama-fatty acids. Lapho i-glucose ingena kulawa maseli, ingasetshenziswa ukwakha i-compound ebizwa nge-glycerol. I-glycerol ingasetshenziswa kanye nokudlula kwamafutha e-acids mahhala esibindi ukwenza i-triglycerides. Lokhu kungabangela i-triglycerides ukwakha kuma-fat cells.
Indlela Ethinta AmaProtheyini Namaminerali
I-insulini isisiza ama-amino acids kusuka amaprotheni ukungena amaseli. Uma le nqubo ivinjelwe, ingenza kube nzima ukwakha ubukhulu bomzimba.
I-insulin yenza namaseli amaningi avumelane ne-potassium, i-magnesium ne-phosphate. Lezi zinto nazo zaziwa njenge-electrolytes, ezisiza ukuqhuba ugesi ngaphakathi komzimba. Zithinta umsebenzi we-muscle, i-blood pH, nomthamo wamanzi emzimbeni wakho. Ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte kungaba nzima kakhulu ngezinga eliphezulu lokushukela kwegazi ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukuvuthwa ngokweqile ngamanzi nokulahlekelwa kwe-electrolyte.
Indlela Yokusiza I-Insulin Yisebenze Kcono
Lezi zindlela zingakusiza ukwandise ukuzwela kwe-insulini futhi unciphise ukumelana nesifo se-insulin:
- Ukwandisa ukuguquka kwesifo sikashukela empilweni yakho.
- Ukuzivocavoca njalo .
- Thola uhlelo lokudla olukusebenzelayo .
I-Takeaway
Njengoba ubona, i-insulin idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni umzimba. Uma unesifo sikashukela noma ukwazi umuntu owenzayo, ukuqonda ukuthi i-insulin yenzani nokuthi isebenza kanjani kungakusiza ukuba uphathe kangcono isifo sikashukela sakho .
> Imithombo
> Hess-Fischl, u-Amy. Isifo sikashukela: Iyini i-Insulin? I-Endocrineweb.
> I-Endocrine Pancreas. IYunivesithi yaseBerkley, eCalifornia.
> I-Pathophysiology ye-Endocrine System, Imiphumela ye-Physiologic ye-Insulin. I-Colorado State University.