Indlela Ubuchopho Obumba Ngayo Indlela Ozizwa Ngayo
E-laboratory eBerkeley, eCalifornia, indoda enomunyu ohlala ekhanda ihlezi phambi kwesikrini sethelevishini. Uchungechunge lwamabhayisikobho ludlalwa kuye: i-comedy, i-comedy, ukuqoshwa kokuhlinzwa kwesisu, ingane ekhalayo. *
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ekamelweni elihlukile, siphinde sibheke isikrini sethelevishini. Kulokhu, nokho, ubuso bomuntu obuseduze, bubonisa ukuthi yikuphi ukuphendula kwamafilimu.
Okumangalisa ukuthi konke ukuphendula kwakhe kuyafana. Uphendula ngamunye ngokuhleka okumnandi. Isimo sokuthandana, i-comedy, noma isimo sokubulala siyamangalisa ngendlela efanayo. Ngemva komunye, ukhuluma ngokuqiniseka ukuthi uzizwa emuhle. Umnumzane unendlela ehlukile yokuziphatha kwengqondo ye-frontotemporal . Imizwelo yakhe ayisafani ngokungafani kahle nezwe elizungezile.
Ukucabanga Ngomzwelo
Akudingeki ube yintanethi ukuze uqonde ukubaluleka kwemizwelo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Impilo yethu yansuku zonke iqhutshwa imizwelo-siphishekela lokho esiyicabanga ukuthi sizoyithokozisa futhi sizame ukugwema okuyosenza singathokozi. Noma kunjalo, uma kuqhathaniswa nokunyakaza, amakhono okuzwa nezinzwa, imizwelo isuke ingavumelani ne-neurology, mhlawumbe ngenxa yezingqinamba ezinkulu ekulinganiseni okunokwethenjelwa.
UDkt. Robert Levenson wake wachaza imizwelo ngokuthi "izinto ezinengqondo ezinengqondo eziphila isikhathi esifushane ezimele izindlela ezifanele zokuvumelanisa nokushintsha izidingo zemvelo." Umzwelo uhlela izimpendulo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba nezamazinyo kubandakanya izinzwa ku-viscera (noma "gut"), izinkulumo ebusweni nasemzimbeni, futhi zishintshe ukunakwa nokucabanga.
Lezimpendulo zivame kakhulu nezindlela ezisheshayo ingqondo nomzimba ukuqondisa izimo eziphuthumayo.
Ubuchopho buhlela imizwelo kuluhlu lwezinyathelo. Okokuqala, ulwazi olungenayo kumele lufakwe futhi lunikezwe ukubaluleka ngokomzwelo. Le nqubo ivame ukushesha futhi ingahamba ngaphezu kokuqwashisa kwethu okuqaphele.
Noma kunjalo, ukusabela kwethu ngokomzwelo kokuqala kuncike ekutheni iningi lezinkathazo nezimo. Singakwazi ukubona futhi uzizwe umzwelo. Ngokuya ngesimo sezenhlalakahle, kungase kudingeke sibheke lokho okushiwo imizwelo. Isibonelo, kunezikhathi lapho singase sikwazi ukuveza ukufutheka noma ukudeka kodwa kufanele sihlale sinokuthula kungakhathaliseki.
Neuroanatomy Emotional
Ukuqala kokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo kokuthile endaweni yethu kubonakala ngokushesha futhi kuvame ukuhluleka ukulawula. Lezimpendulo zenzeka engxenyeni yasendulo yobuchopho bethu eyaziwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-limbic. Ngokungafani ne-cortex esanda kuthuthukiswa, uhlelo lwe-limbic lunezinhla ezimbalwa ze-neurons ukucubungula ulwazi. Umphumela uyashesha, kodwa njengoba isipiliyoni sethu sikhombisa, futhi asihlanganisi ngaso sonke isikhathi ulwazi olufanele.
Imingcele yesimiso se-limbic ichazwe ngokungahambisani ezincwadini futhi ibonakala inweba noma inkontileka yokuvumelanisa kangcono izithakazelo zomlobi. Imisebenzi yesistimu ye-limbic iphinde idlulise ngaphezu kwemizwelo ukufaka imemori, i- olfaction , nomsebenzi wokuzimela . Izingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zesimiso sezimpawu zomzwelo zihlanganisa i-amygdala, i-hypothalamus, i-cortex ye-cingulate, ne-ventral tegmental.
Lezi zakhiwo ngokuvamile zifana nohlobo oluncane lwe-cortical structure (izingqimba ezimbalwa ze-neurons kunezingithupha) futhi zonke zitholakala eduze nendawo kanye nesisekelo sobuchopho. Ngenkathi ukubaluleka kwesimiso semilenze emizwa kuye kugcizelelwe, lezi zakhiwo nazo zithonywe ezinye izindawo zobuchopho, ikakhulukazi i- prefrontal cortex .
Ukuhlola
Kunezinhlelo eziningana ezihlukene ebuchosheni obuxhuma isisusa ngenani lomzwelo. Lezi zinhlelo nazo zixhumene kakhulu nesisusa, njengoba imizwa yethu ivame ukusiholela ekusebenzeni. Izinhlelo zemizwelo azikho ngokuzihlukanisa, kodwa kunalokho zikhulumisane futhi zithonye.
Isistimu yokuqala ehilelekile ekuhloliseni yindlela yokuthola umvuzo we-dopaminergic, okubandakanya indawo ye-ventral ne-nucleus accumbens. Lezi zakhiwo zihlala phakathi nendawo engaphansi kobuchopho, cishe ngezinga lamehlo nangasemuva njengamathempeli. Lolu hlelo luphendula kumvuzo, futhi lusishukumisela ukuthi siphinde senze into ethi uzizwa "kuhle."
Uhlelo lwesibili lubandakanya izifunda ze-amygdalae. Lawa amaqoqo amabili wezinzwa mayelana nobukhulu be-alimondi abahlala ku-lobe ngayinye yesikhashana. Lezi zimpendulo ezithandanayo zokuthukuthela, ukwesaba nokuhlukunyezwa.
Ezinye izinhlaka, njenge-insula, nazo zihileleke nomzwelo. I-insula (umhumusho owushoyo) isifunda sobuchopho esivela ngemuva kwesigxobo se-lobe sangaphambili nesesikhashana ohlangothini lobuchopho. Ingxenye yangaphakathi iyakusiza ukuxazulula ukusabela kokuhlekisa.
Ukuqashelwa ngokomzwelo
Uma lezi zakhiwo zihlanganisa ukugqugquzela ngokubaluleka komzwelo othile, ukuqala kokuphendula okuqalayo kuqala. Isibonelo, i-amygdala ixhunywe kwi-hypothalamus futhi ingavuselela izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokwanda kwengcindezi yegazi, kokubili okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwesaba noma intukuthelo. I-insula ixhunywe kumapheshana we-visceral we-smoker angenza isisu sibe nomuzwa wokuzihlambalaza. Umzimba wethu ungathatha lezi zimpawu futhi uqaphele umzwelo.
Ngaphezu kokuphawula izinguquko emzimbeni, izikhungo zemizwelo ezenzelwe izindawo ze-cortex ezisivumela ukuba siqaphele ukuthi imizwa iyenzeka. Isibonelo, iphrojekthi ye-circuits yomvuzo ku-cortex ye-orbitofrontal yomphakathi, esisiza ukuthi sinqume izenzo zesikhathi esizayo ngokusekelwe kolwazi lomzwelo.
Umthethonqubo Wokuzizwa
Kunezikhathi lapho umzwelo kufanele ulawulwe khona. Isibonelo, akufanele sihleke emngcwabeni ngisho noma umuntu egqoke ingubo ehlekisayo. Njengomzwelo ozayo, kungase kudingeke sigcine ukukhuluma kwezwi lomzwelo. Singase sizame ukucindezela umzwelo ngokungavumeli ubuso bethu noma umzimba ukuba sibonise ngokwemvelo lokho esikuzwayo. Isibonelo, uma sibona i-tiger, singase sizame ukuziphatha ngesibindi. Singahle siphinde sithole, okusho ngokuqaphela ukuyeka kabusha umongo wesikhuthazo esasenza kuqala ngokomzwelo. Isibonelo, singase sikhumbule ukuthi empeleni nje nje isithombe sehlosi kunokuba into yangempela.
I-cortex ye-orbitofrontal isebenza ezimweni zokulawulwa ngokomzwelo, futhi umonakalo kulesi sifundazwe kungabangela ukuguquka nokuhluleka ukulawula imizwelo yokuqala Isibonelo esidume kakhulu nguFineas Gage, umphathi wesitimela owenze ingozi eyathumela induku enkulu yensimbi ngalesi sigaba ubuchopho. Ngokombiko wodokotela wakhe, wayesezizwela futhi engacindezeli ngokushesha ngemva kwengozi. Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi iziguli azikwazi ukuphinde ziphinde zithole ukubaluleka ngokomzwelo lapho izimo zishintsha. Isibonelo, ekuhlolweni lapho iziguli ezinjalo zishintsha kusuka emsebenzini wokugembula, cishe ziningi zokukhetha umvuzo omkhulu esikhathini esifushane naphezu kokwazi ukuthi akusikho ezithakazelweni zabo zesikhathi eside.
Ngokuvamile, abantu abaningi baye basikisela ukuthi ohlangothini olufanele lobuchopho bethu luhileleke kakhulu ekusebenziseni imizwelo efana nokwesaba, ukudabuka nokuzondwa. Ukuphakanyiswa kwesokunxele kuphakanyisiwe ukuba kuhileleke ngokwengeziwe ngenjabulo mhlawumbe nentukuthelo. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kuneziqu eziningi, nakuba izifundo eziningana zisekela umqondo oyisisekelo.
Isiphetho
Ukuzwelana akukona nje okuvela engxenyeni eyodwa yobuchopho bethu kodwa kuxhomeke kumanethiwekhi amanengi amaningana ahlanganisa i-amygdala, indawo ye-ventral, i-orbitofrontal cortex, nokunye okuningi okusebenza ngakho konke ukuveza ukusikisela kwangaphandle, ukudala impendulo yangokomzwelo, bese ulawula impendulo uma kudingeka. Ukuphazanyiswa kwalesi simiso kungaholela ekuntulekeni kwemizwelo noma ngokweqile, kuye ngokuthi isimo nendawo yimuphi ukuphazamiseka.
* Amanye imininingwane ashintshiwe ukuze avikele imfihlo.
Imithombo:
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Davidson RJ, Ekman P, Saron CD, uSenulis JA, uFriesen WV (1990): Ukusondela-ukuhoxiswa kanye ne-asymmetry ye-cerebral: ukukhuluma ngokomzwelo nokuzivocavoca kwengqondo. I. J Pers Soc Psychol. 58: 330-341.
Levenson R (1994): Umzwelo womuntu: Umbono osebenzayo. Ku: Ekman P, Davidson R, abahleli. Uhlobo lomzwelo: Imibuzo esemqoka. I-New York: Oxford, iphe 123-126.
I-Mesulam MM (2000): I-Neuroanatomy Yokuziphatha. Ku: Mesulam MM, umhleli. Izimiso Zokuzivocavoca Nezenzo Zokuziphatha. I-New York: Oxford, iphe 1-120.
Rosen HJ, Levenson RW (2009): Ubuchopho obungokomzwelo: ukuhlanganisa ukuqonda okuvela ezigulini nesayensi eyisisekelo. I-neurocase. 15: 173-181.