Ukuhlukunyezwa yiziqephu ezithinta ukunyakaza okungazibandakanyi, izinguquko ekuqaphelweni noma kokubili. Kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka uma umuntu enesifo sokuthumba, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isithuthwane. Ngesinye isikhathi, abantu abangenaso isithuthwane bangathola nokuthunjwa okungalindelekile, ngokuvamile ngenxa yezimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha zobuchopho ezibalwe ngezansi.
Izimbangela Zokuqubuka
Ukulimala kwekhanda nokulimala kwengqondo - Ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu kwekhanda kungabangela ukuhlukunyezwa okungazelelwe ngesikhathi sokuhlukunyezwa futhi kungabangela nokulimala komqondo okuholela ekufeni kwesifo eside. Isizathu sokuthi ezinye ukulimala kwengqondo kubangela ukugubha ukuthi ukuphuma kwegazi kanye nezibazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho kungaphazamisa umsebenzi ojwayelekile kagesi ebuchosheni, ukukhiqiza ubuchopho (ubuchopho) noma ukukhushulwa kwesibindi esenza iphutha.
Izifo zezokwelapha - Izimo eziningana zezokwelapha zingaphazamisa umsebenzi wobuchopho, okuholela ekuguleni. Lezi zimo zingabangela ukuqhuma okwenzekayo kuze kufike ukugula, kodwa kungase kubangele ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esihlala njalo esiqhubekayo ngisho nangemva kokugula okuxazululwayo.
Izifo ezibangela ukuqubuka zihlanganisa:
- Izicubu ze-Brain - I-Cancer eqala ebuchosheni ngokwayo noma emdlalweni we-metastasizes (usakazeka) ebuchosheni obuvela kwenye indawo emzimbeni kungabangela ukuvuvukala nokucindezela ebuchosheni, ukuphazamisa umsebenzi ovamile wengqondo, futhi kubangele ukugubha. Ukuzizwa kungase kube uphawu lokuqala lokuthi umuntu unomdlavuza noma eduze kobuchopho. Ngokuvamile, uma umdlavuza ususiwe, ukugwinya akusekho okwenzekayo.
- Ukushaywa yisisu - Izigubhu zenza izindawo ezincane noma ezinkulu zobuchopho obungasebenzi (ukulimala kwezicubu) ezingase zikhiqize ukugwinya ngokuvimbela izindawo zobuchopho ukuba zisebenze ngokujwayelekile. Izibhamu ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho, njenge-lobe yesikhashana, cishe zibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwengcindezi kunezingxabano kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho, njenge-brainstem.
- Ukulimaza igazi - I- Brain hemorrhage (ukuphuma egazini noma eduze kobuchopho) kungabangela ukucasuka kwezingcubu zobuchopho, okubangela ukugubha. Ngokuvamile, izibethongo ezivuthayo zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuhlukunyezwa kunokuba yi-ischemic (ukungabi khona kwegazi).
- I-encephalitis / ubhontshisi bebongo - Izifo zesibindi nokuvuvukala kunzima kakhulu, futhi kungase kuvele ukuqubuka ngokushesha, kanye nesifo sokuphuza. Incephalitis ukuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka kwezicubu zobuchopho. Iphofu lobuchopho liyisifo esithintekayo ebuchosheni. Lezi zombili izinhlobo ezingavamile zokutheleleka.
- I-Meningitis - Ukutheleleka kwama-meninges (izingxenye ezivikelayo ezizungezile ubuchopho) zingaphazamisa ukusebenza kobuchopho, okuholela ekuthunjweni. Esikhathini esiningi, ukuhlukunyezwa okuhloswe nge- meningitis kuxazululwe uma ukutheleleka kwe-meningitis kuphathwa.
- Izinkinga zemetabolic - Ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte ngokweqile nesibindi nokuhluleka kwezinso kungaphazamisa umsebenzi we-neurons ebuchosheni, okubangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-neurons, okubonakalisa ukugubha. Ukuhlukunyezwa okubangelwa ukungahleleki kwe-electrolyte nokuhluleka komzimba ngokuvamile akuqhubeki lapho inkinga yezokwelapha ixazululwa.
- Imifudu - Imfiva ephakeme kakhulu ingabangela ukuqhuma, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane nezinsana. Lezi zinhlobo zokuhlukunyezwa kuthiwa yi-febrile seizures. Uma ingane yakho inomdlavuza we- febrile , kudingeka uthole ukunakekelwa kwengane yakho ngokushesha.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kungabangelwa nezinkinga eziphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa:
- Utshwala ukuhoxiswa - Ngokuvamile ukuhoxisa utshwala, okungukuthi ukuyeka ukuphuza ngokweqile ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kanzima, kungabangela ukuqubuka. Lokhu kusabela kungaba yingozi, futhi uma wena noma umuntu owaziyo ukuthi uthola ukuphuza utshwala, kudingekile ukuthi uthole usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni - Izidakamizwa eziningi zokuzijabulisa zihlotshaniswa nokuhlukunyezwa. Le mpendulo ayifaneleki futhi ingenzeke ngisho noma uye wasebenzisa umuthi othize ngaphandle kokuba uyeke ukuhlangenwe nakho esikhathini esidlule. Uma wena noma omunye umuntu owaziyo ehlaselwa ngokuhlanganyela nezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha, futhi qinisekisa ukwazisa ithimba lezokwelapha ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngesikhathi esifanele.
- Ukuhoxiswa kwezidakamizwa - Ukuhoxiswa kwezinye izidakamizwa zokuzilibazisa, okuyeke ukuyeka izidakamizwa ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kanzima, kungabangela nokugubha. Lokhu, njengokuphuza utshwala, ukusabela okuyingozi okudinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
Izimbangela Ze-Epilepsy
Isifo sesifo sibangele izimbangela eziningi ezibandakanya ukungalingani, ukuzala, nokuhlelekile, okufana nokuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo, ukushaya, ukulimazeka kwamasongo, ukutheleleka kobuchopho kanye nezicubu njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abaningi abanesifo sokufa kwesibindi abakwazi ukukhonjwa, ngisho nangemva kokuhlolwa okukhulu kwezokwelapha.
Isifo sokuphefumula esiphezulu sigijima emndenini, futhi abantu abanesifo sokufa kwesibindi bavame ukuhlakulela okokuqala phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amabili okuqala yokuphila.
Esifweni sokufa kwesifo sokubeletha, ingane izalwa enezizathu zokuba nesithuthwane, futhi lokho kungase kungabi nhlobo. Ukuqothulwa kwezifo zesifo sofuba sokubeletha ngokuvamile kuqala ekuqaleni kokuphila.
Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kweziguli ezinomdlavuza ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi i-MRI yobuchopho (isithombe esicacile sobuchopho) esingabonisa uma kunoma yiziphi izindawo zokulimala ezingase zifake izidakamizwa, futhi i-electroencephalogram (i-EEG), okuyivivinyo lokusakazwa kwengqondo ihlola ukusebenza kobuchopho futhi ingabonisa ukuba khona komsebenzi ongavamile kagesi okufana nokuphazamiseka kwengcindezi. Kodwa, kubantu abathile abanesifo sokuphuza, lezi zivivinyo zingase zijwayelekile.
Izihlungi ze-Seizure
Izimbangela ze-seizure yizenzakalo noma izimo ezaziwa ukuthi zikhukhumele futhi zingabangela inkinga kubantu abanesithuthwane. Uma une-epilepsy, ukwazi nokugwema lezi zimbangela kubalulekile ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthumba.
Ukuvama okuvamile kokubamba ukufaka:
- Ukuphuza utshwala - Abantu abaningi abanesifo sokuphuza bahlushwa lapho beqeda utshwala. Lokhu kungenzeka ngisho noma isithuthwane silawulwa kahle nge-anticonvulsants. Utshwala lungashintsha ubuchopho bomsebenzi kagesi ngendlela edala ukugubha, futhi kungaphazamisa umzimba we-anticonvulsant, ukuvimbela ukuthi imithi ingasebenzi kahle.
- Ukuntuleka kokulala - Ukukhathala okubangelwa ukungalali noma ukulala ngokwanele kuyisimo esaziwayo sokuqothulwa. Eqinisweni, i-EEG yokulahlwa yindlala ingenye yezivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuphazamiseka kwengcindezi. I-EEG yokulahlwa ebuthongweni i-EEG etholakala emva kwesikhathi sokuntula ngokulala kokulala. Kumuntu onesifo sokuphuza, ukuthunjwa kungenzeka kwenzeke ngesikhathi sombuso wokulahlwa, futhi lokhu kwenza ukuqinisekiswa kwe-EEG yomsebenzi wokuthunjwa, okungasiza ekuxilongweni nasekwelapha. Noma kunjalo, ama-EEG anqatshelwe ukulala njalo ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezempilo eseduze ukuze ukuthunjwa kulawulwe ngokuphepha.
- Izibani ezikhanyayo - Ukuthunjwa kwama-photo okuxubile kuyingozi okubangelwa ukukhanya okukhanyayo ngokushesha. Ngenkathi lolu hlobo lokuthumba lungavamile, futhi ngokuvamile luyinkinga kubantu abanesifo sokuphuza, ukuhlukunyezwa okubangelwayo kungaba nzima kakhulu.
- Ukucindezeleka, ushintsho sezulu, iphunga elithile - Iningi labantu abanesifo sokuwa nesifo sokuphuza libuye libone izinto ezibangela ukucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka, ukushiswa kwamanye amazwe, ngisho nezinguquko zesimo sezulu. Ubufakazi mayelana nalezi zinkinga njengesibangele sokugubha akusiyo njalo, futhi izimbangela zihlukile kumuntu ngamunye.
Indlela ebalulekile abantu abanesifo sokuphuza ukuphatha lesi sifo ukufunda ukukhomba nokuqaphela izinto ezibangelwa umuntu, nokuzigwema ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuvimbela Ukwelashwa
Ukuzizwa kungabangela izimo ezingenakwenzeka emphakathini, ukulimala ngokomzimba, izingozi zemoto kanye nokuwa okungozini. Uma kunokwenzeka, kungcono ukuvimbela ukuqubuka. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuvimbela ukukhwabanisa. Okokuqala kunemithi:
- Ama-anticonvulsants yindlela ephumelela kakhulu yomuntu onesithuthwane ukugwema ukugubha. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi ye-anticonvulsant elawula ukuphumelela ngokuphumelelayo. Uma une-epilepsy, udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi i-anticonvulsant noma inhlanganisela yama-anticonvulsants efaneleka kakhulu ekulawuleni ukugula kwakho kokuthumba.
- Ukuthatha imishanguzo yokulwa nokuthunjwa ngokujwayelekile kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokulawula ukuthunjwa. Uma uthatha ama-anticonvulsants ukuvimbela ukugwinya, kufanele uwathathe njengokuqondiswa, futhi cishe cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. Ngokuvamile, imiphumela yemithi yokulwa nokuthunjwa ingakwazi ukuhlala phakathi kwamahora angu-8 no-48, kuye ngemithi. Futhi ukugcina isimiso esijwayelekile kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina ngisho namazinga e-anticonvulsant emzimbeni wakho.
- Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ngokuthatha ama-anticonvulsants , noma uma ungenelisekile nge-anticonvulsant oyithathayo, kubalulekile ukuxhumana nalokhu nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ama-anticonvulsants ngokuvamile anqunyelwe ukulawula ukuthunjwa, kodwa futhi anikezwe ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha. Akufanele uyeke ukuthatha i-anticonvulsant ngaphandle kokuxoxa nodokotela ngalolu daba. Ngokungazelelwe ukuyeka imithi yakho ye-anticonvulsant ingabangela ukugubha, futhi udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuba ususe kancane kancane i-anticonvulsant noma uyibuyisele enye ukuze ungaboni ukuthunjwa okubangelwa ukuhoxiswa kwezidakamizwa.
Indlela yesibili ukugwema ukukhwabanisa. Uma uthola ukuthi unesithuthwane, kubalulekile ukulondoloza imikhuba yokuphila evimbela izimbangela zokuqwashisa ezaziwayo. Lokhu kusho ukulala ngokwanele, ukungaphuzi utshwala nokuqapha ngokukhanyisa izibani ezikhanyayo noma nanoma yikuphi okunye okuqaphele wena ngokwakho.
Izwi elivela
Isifo sesifo yisimo sezokwelapha esithinta impilo yakho. Kunezimbangela eziningana ezaziwa ukuthi zingabangela ukuhlukunyezwa ngisho nabantu abangenaso isithuthwane. Eziningi zalezi zinto azilula ukuthi uzibikezele noma uzivimbele, njenge-encephalitis noma ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, kanti ezinye, ezifana nokuhoxiswa kwezidakamizwa, zingavinjelwa.
Uma uthola ukuthi unesifo sokuphuza, unganciphisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuba nokuthumba ngokuthatha njalo imithi yakho ye-anticonvulsant njengoba kunqunyiwe, ukukhulumisana nokukhathazeka kwakho nganoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi yemithi yokwelapha i-anticonvulsant nodokotela wakho, nokufunda mayelana nokuqeda imithi ukuze ukwazi ukugwema izimbangela eziziwayo zokuhlasela. Kubalulekile ukunaka ukuthi ngabe uke waphawula yini noma yikuphi okubangela okuthile okwenzeka ngaphambi kokugubha kwakho, ukuze ukwazi ukugwema lezi zimo.
Abantu abaningi abanesifo sokuphuza bayakwazi ukuthola ukulawulwa kahle kokuthumba ngokuthatha imishanguzo yokulwa ne-anti-seizure njengoba kunqunywe futhi ngokuthatha izindlela zokuphila zokuvimbela ukuthunjwa.
> Umthombo:
> Ukuzikhukhumeza nokuzikhukhumeza: okumangazayo noma okuvamile? Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité DG, i-Epilepsia. 2012 Sep; 53 Ukuphakama 4: 105-13. doi: 10.1111 / j.1528-1167.2012.03620.x.