Amaphutha ekuphenduleni angadala ama-Virus "Mutant" ayenqabe ukuphathwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza
Ukuphikiswa kwezidakamizwa ze-HIV kuchazwa nje ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kwesakhi sofuzo lwe-HIV, okungenza amagciwane athile aphike ngokuqondile noma ngokugcwele ukumelana nemishanguzo ye-antiretroviral . Njengoba lezi zinhlobo zamagciwane eziguquguqukayo ziqhubeka zikhula, ekugcineni ziba yigciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngaphakathi "echibini legciwane." Uma lokhu kwenzeka, isidakamizwa se-HIV somuntu siyoba sisebenza kancane kuze kube yilapho ukwelashwa ekugcineni kwehluleka.
Imishanguzo emisha ye-antiretroviral ijwayele ukuhlakulela ukumelana kancane kancane, nakuba ukunamathela kwezidakamizwa ezimbi kungandisa ingozi yokumelana ngokuvumela igciwane (kufaka amagciwane aguquguqukayo) ukuba aphindaphindiwe.
Kungani Ukuphikisana Negciwane lesandulela ngculazi Kuvela?
Njengoba amangqamuzana akhiqiza, enza amakhophi aqondile, ekhula ngenombolo ngokujikeleza ngamunye. Kodwa igciwane lesandulela ngculazi libhekene namaphutha okubhala ngezofuzo, lapho amakhophi aphelela khona noma ahlaselwe noma awonakele. Ngokuvamile lokho akusikho, lezi zimakhophi eziguquguqukayo "eziguquguqukayo" zifa ngokushesha.
Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, noma kunjalo, kwenzeka okuhlukile. Esikhundleni sokufa, amanye ama-virus akwazi ukuphumelela ngoba ukuguquguquka kwabo okuguquguqukayo akuvumeli ukuthi izidakamizwa ze-HIV zingathinteka, zingene noma zibophezele. Ngakho-ke ngenkathi izidakamizwa zikwazi ukubulala uhlobo lokuqala olubizwa ngokuthi yi- "type type" virus , i-"variants" eguquliwe ithatha kancane kancane ukuze ibe yinkinga enkulu.
Ukuphikisana kwama-genetic nakho kungadluliselwa kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu ngokusebenzisa ubulili, ukusetshenziswa kwesilwane okwabiwe, noma ukuvezwa kwegazi ngokuqondile.
Uma ukwehluleka kokwelapha kubangelwa ukuphikisana kwezidakamizwa ze-HIV, amanye amakilasi ezidakamizwa ayaqashwa ukuze aqede ukuhlukahluka okuningi ngaphakathi echibini legciwane lomuntu.
Bona ukuthi ukuphikiswa kwezidakamizwa ze-HIV kuvela kanjani kumbukiso we-slide ohlangothini olufundisayo, oluyishumi .
Indlela Yokuthola Nokuqinisekisa Ukuphikiswa Kwemithi Ye-HIV
Kukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okungazithola ukuphika kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi futhi kusize odokotela ukubona ukuthi imiphi imithi izosebenza kangcono ngokumelene negciwane eliguquliwe.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa kokuphikiswa okuthiwa i- genotypic kanye ne- phenotypic assay ziyakwazi ukukhomba, ngokulandelana, ukuthi iziphi izakhi zofuzo ezenzekile nokuthi zenzeke kangakanani lezi zinguquko.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Genotypic kuhlola i-genetic coding yegciwane, okokuqala
ukukhulisa izinto ezifuywayo zofuzo bese ubheka ukubona ukuthi yikuphi ukushintsha lapho okungafaniswa negciwane lokulawula. I-pathologist ingabe isilinganisela ukuthi yiziphi amazinga okuphikisa lapho asekelwe ku-eyodwa noma eziningana ukuhlukahluka kohlobo lwezakhi zofuzo. Amanye ama-"iphuzu elilodwa" ahlukanisa amazinga aphezulu okumelana nawo, kuyilapho abanye kubhekwa njengabancane futhi banomthelela ekumeni. - Ukuhlolwa kwe-Phenotypic kuhluke ekuhlolweni kwe- genotypic ngoba kuthatha igciwane futhi ngokusemzimbeni kuwubeka emibhalweni ehlukene yezokwelapha ze-HIV. Ngokwenza kanjalo, linikeza abahlengikazi "izwe langempela," ubufakazi obulinganiselwe bokuphikisa izidakamizwa.
Lezi zivivinyo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunquma inkambo yokwelashwa engcono kakhulu emgqeni wokuqala kanye nemithi yokwelapha elandelayo e-US nakwamanye amazwe acebile. Kodwa-ke, izindleko ze-genotyping kanye ne-phenotyping kubhekwa njengokungavunyelwa ezindaweni eziningi ezingenamsoco, ngokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe ikakhulu ezigulini ezizimele.
Okwamanje izinkampani eziningi zomshuwalense e-US, zombili ezizimele nezomphakathi, zikhokhela ukuhlolwa kwe-genotypic.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-phenotype kungenzeka kungabhekwa ngabaningi bomshuwalense. Hlola njalo nomhlinzeki wakho womshuwalense ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zivivinyo zifakiwe kwiphakethe lakho lezinzuzo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela ukusebenza nge-HIV kanye ne-phenotyping umsebenzi .
Imithombo:
I-World Health Organization (WHO). "I-HIV Yezidakamizwa Zokuphikisana Nezidakamizwa ze-HIV." I-Geneva, eSwitzerland; Ngo-Ephreli 11, 2011.
I-Taniguchi, T .; Nuritdinova, D .; I-Grubb, i-J .; et al. "Uhlobo lwe-HIV olulwisana nomuthi oluthile oluqhubekayo luhlala luvame futhi luthinta imiphumela ye-virologic naphezu kokwelashwa kwe-anti-antiretroviral ye-genotype." I-AIDS Research Retroviruses Abantu. Mashi 5, 2012; 28 (3): 259-264.
Kuhn, L .; Hunt, G .; I-Technau, K; et al. "Ukuphikiswa kwezidakamizwa phakathi kwabantwana abasanda kutholakala abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa i-prophylaxis ephumelela kakhulu ye-antiretroviral." AIDS. Ngo-Ephreli 30, 2014; 8: 1673-1678.
Izikhungo Zempilo Zikazwelonke (NIH). "Imihlahlandlela Yokusetshenziswa kwama-Antiretroviral Agents ku-HIV-1-Adult Adultscents." I-Bethesda, e-Maryland; Ngo-Okthoba 11, 2013.