Ukuqhathaniswa yigama elisetshenziswe ku-epidemiology ukuchaza inani labantu ababonwe njengenesimo esithile (njenge- HIV ). Isibalo sabantu abaningi basuke sinqunywa ngokuqhathanisa inani labantu abathola ukuthi banesibalo nenani labantu labantu kulolo qembu labantu (isibonelo, inani labantu base-Afrika base-Afrika abane-HIV abahlala eNew York City).
Ukuvama kuvame ukuchazwa njengephesenti (%).
E-HIV, ukusabalalisa kusetshenziswa izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi kanye nabakhiqizi ukuze babone umthwalo wokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ezindaweni ezithile kanye / noma amaqembu abantu. Amaqembu omphakathi angahle ahlukaniswe ubuhlanga, ubulili, ubudala, ukuziphatha ngokobulili, isimo sezomnotho, isiko lokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, noma ukuhlanganiswa kwanoma yikuphi noma zonke lezi zigaba.
Isigameko sibeka ingozi yesimo esisathuthuka phakathi nesikhathi esithile sesikhathi. Lesi sibalo sifinyelele ngokuqhathanisa inani lamacala amasha abikwe phakathi nesikhathi esithile nenani eliphelele labantu kulolo bantfu. Lesi sibalo singachaza isilinganiso (isib. Ama-45 amacala avela kubantu abayi-1 000) noma iphesenti (4.5%).
E-HIV, izigameko zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuthi ngabe ingozi ye-HIV (noma ukugula okuhlobene negciwane lesandulela ngculazi) iyanda noma yehla ngaphakathi kweqembu elithile, ngokuvamile ngonyaka ngamunye.
Isigameko sisetshenziselwa abacwaningi ukuthi banqume ukuthi ushintsho kwesinye isici (isibonelo, ukutholakala kokwelashwa, inqubomgomo yomphakathi) kungashintsha ingozi phakathi kwamaqembu abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubikezela ingozi ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela kuvumela ukunikezelwa kwezinsiza ezifanele.
Ngokwezinsisekelo zabo, ukusabalalisa kuchaza lapha futhi manje, ngenkathi isigameko sichaza lokho okungenzeka kube khona.
Izibonelo
Ngokomzekelo, abantu abangu-5 600 000 eNingizimu Afrika babalwa ukuthi banegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngo-2009. Ngabantu abaningi abayizigidi ezingama-53, ukukhula kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi eNingizimu Afrika kuthiwa ngu-10.6%. Uma ubheka ngokuqondile abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-15 kuya ku-49-bacabangela ukuthi iqembu elidala kakhulu lisengozini yokutheleleka nge-HIV emhlabeni jikelele-ukukhula kwanda kufike ku-17.3% (isibalo esasetshenziswa yi-World Health Organization ngokuhlola okulinganisa izwe).
Ngokuphambene nalokho, isigameko se-HIV emadodeni abesilisa nabesifazane (MSM) eSan Francisco ngo-2006 kwaba yi-1.75%, esekelwe ukutheleleka okusha kuka-772 kubantu abangu-44,138 i-MSM engenayo i-HIV. Ngokusungula izinqubomgomo ezintsha zempilo yomphakathi ngonyaka wezi-2010 (okubandakanya ukwelashwa kwendawo yonke ekuxilongweni ), lesi sigameko senyukela ku-1.27% ngo-2011. Njengoba amazinga e-MSM ekhuphuka emadolobheni amakhulu amakhulu ase-US, ukuguquka kwezigameko kubonakala kubalulekile futhi ikhombisa ukusebenza kwezinqubomgomo ezintsha.
E-US
Kusukela kumbono womhlaba wonke, ngenkathi ukusabalalisa kanye nesigameko se-HIV kungahlukahluka ezweni lonke, ngokuvamile kubambisana phakathi komthwalo wesifo nokuthi umhlaba ulawula kanjani lo mkhuhlane ngaphakathi kwemingcele yawo.
Isibonelo, ngenkathi ukulinganiselwa okuyizigidi ezingu-1.2 e-US kungase kuvelele uma kuqhathaniswa nezinombolo ezibonwe ekuthuthukiseni, ukusabalalisa nesifo sesifo kufana nesithombe esihluke kakhulu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe amaningi athuthukile, i-US inesisindo esiphakeme kakhulu (0.6%) nesigameko (15.3 ku-100,000).
Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinga lokusakazeka emazweni amaningi aphezulu awela phezulu liwela ngezansi ngaphansi kwe-0.3%, kanti izinga lokulingana komphakathi lingaphansi kwesigamu esibheka e-US (6.3 kwabayi-100,000).
Kuthemba ukuthi ukuzuza kwamuva kungahle kuguqule imikhuba ngaphakathi kwe-US, nakuba amazinga aphansi okunakekelwa nokugcinwa phakathi kwabantu abanobuthakathaka kakhulu (abakwa- Afrika baseMelika , amadoda alala namadoda cishe azoqhubeka nokunikeza amanani amasha okutheleleka.
Imithombo:
I-United Nations Joint Programme nge-HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Ishidi Lamaqiniso E-Epidemiological - South Africa." I-Geneva, eSwitzerland; 2009.
UMcFarland, W. "I-Epi-Update ye-Epi-Update ye-San Francisco - Amanani." Umnyango Wezempilo Kahulumeni waseSan Francisco. NgoNovemba 29, 2006; Isethulo se-Powerpoint.
Bajko, M. "I-HIV iqhubeka nokubuyela eSF." I-Bay Area Reporter. Ishicilelwe ngo-Mashi 24, 2011.
URaymond, A .; Hill, A .; kanye noPozniak, A. "Ukungalingani okukhulu kwelashwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuhlasela phakathi kwamazwe angu-8 aseYurophu namazwe aphezulu - ukuhlaziywa kwamaphuzu okuphumula."; I-Congress Yomhlaba Wonke Yokwelashwa Kwezidakamizwa ku-HIV Infection; I-Glasgow, eScotland; Novemba 2-6, 2014; abstract O237.