Yeka indlela yokwelapha okuxuba ngayo i-HIV engenamandla
Akungabazeki ukuthi izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HIV ziye zahamba phambili eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 edlule. Lokho abanye abangase bangaqapheli ukuthi imishanguzo ye-antiretroviral ephakeme kangakanani kusukela ngo-1996 lapho ukwelashwa kokuqala kwemithi kathathu kushintshe inkambo yezobhubhane.
Umlando Omfushane We-Antiretroviral Therapy
Ngaphambi kuka-1996, isilinganiso sokuphila komuntu oneminyaka engu-20 esanda kutholakala nge-HIV sasineminyaka engu-17.
Nakuba imishanguzo ye-antiretroviral yaleso sikhathi ikwazi ukuphuza lesi sifo, ukumelana nezidakamizwa kwavela masinyane futhi abantu bevame ukuthola ukuthi bancane, kunoma yikuphi, ukhetho lwezokwelapha ngemva kweminyaka embalwa.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthwalo wepilisi wansuku zonke ungamangaza. Kwezinye izimo, umuntu uzobhekana namaphilisi angama-30 noma ngaphezulu ngosuku, avame ukuthathwa ngehora ngezikhathi ezine kuya kweyisithupha.
Khona-ke, ngo-1995, kwakhiwa isigaba esisha sezidakamizwa okuthiwa i-protease inhibitors. Kungakapheli unyaka, izifundo ezintathu ezahlukene zaqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-drug-triple-therapy kungakwazi ukulawula ngokuphelele igciwane nokuvimba lesi sifo ukuba singaqhubeki .
Phakathi neminyaka emibili embalwa, ukwethulwa kwe-combination combination kwaholela ekudakeni okungamaphesenti angama-60 okufa okuhlobene ne-HIV nezifo. Lesi sambulo sathinteka kulokho okwakuzokwaziwa ngokuthi unyaka we- HAART (ukwelashwa kwama-antiretroviral kakhulu).
Ukuthuthukiswa koMuthi Wokuhlanganiswa
Ngenkathi kungenakho izinselele zayo, ukwelashwa kwe-antiretroviral yanamuhla uye phambili lapho izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa ziyisithunzi nje salokho ababevame ukukwenza.
Ukuphikiswa kwezidakamizwa ngokuvamile kuhamba kancane ekuthuthukiseni ngenkathi ukuguqulwa kudinga njengephilisi eyodwa ngosuku.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ngokuphathwa ngendlela efanele, umuntu osanda kutholakala nge-HIV angalindela ukujabulela isikhathi sokuphila esiseduze . Ngokwe-North American AIDS Cohort Ukubambisana koCwaningo noMklamo, owesilisa oneminyaka engu-20 ubudala otheleleke namuhla ungasinda kakhulu ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-70 nangaphezulu.
Ukuthi ama-Antiretrovirals asebenza kanjani
Imithi ye-antiretroviral ayisebenzi ngokubulala ngokutheleleka igciwane. Esikhundleni salokho, zihlose futhi zivimbele izigaba ezihlukene zomjikelezo wegciwane. Ngokwenza kanjalo, igciwane alikwazi ukuphindaphindiwe nokwenza amakhophi ngokwayo. Uma ukwelashwa kuqhubeka kungaphazanyiswa, inani legciwane lesandulela ngculazi lizokwehla endaweni lapho kubhekwa khona ukuthi alibonakali .
Ngenxa yokuthi igciwane alibulali, liphinde livele (i-rebound) uma ukwelashwa kungazelelwe. Kungenzeka okufanayo uma izidakamizwa zingavamile njengoba kunqunywe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukulingana okungahambisani nakho kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana nezidakamizwa futhi ekugcineni ukwelashwa kwehluleka .
Amakilasi wezidakamizwa ze-Antiretroviral Drugs
Ukuhlanganiswa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kusebenza ngokuvimba izigaba eziningana zomjikelezo wokuphila nge-HIV kanyekanye. Kukhona okwamanje amakilasi amahlanu omuthi we-antiretroviral, ngamunye ohlukaniswe ngesigaba somjikelezo wokuphila abavimbela:
- Ukungena kwe-inhibitors
- I-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Ama-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Integrase inhibitors
- Ama-protease inhibitors
Konke okukhulunywe ngakho, kunezidakamizwa ezingu-39 ezihlukene zokulwa nezidambisigciwane ezivunyelwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration, okubandakanya izidakamizwa ezihlanganisiwe ezingu-12 ezibandakanya izidakamizwa (FDC) eziqukethe izidakamizwa ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.
Izidakamizwa ezishintshayo, ezithuthukisiwe ezizokwehlisa izidakamizwa ezintathu.
Amanye ama-formulation angase avumele ukuvalelwa kwe- once-nyangazonke noma ngeyodwa-nge-quarterly injections esikhundleni samaphilisi nsuku zonke.
Kungani Ukwelashwa Kokuhlanganiswa Kusebenza
Uma isetshenziselwa inhlanganisela, izidakamizwa ze-antiretroviral isebenza njengethimba lethegi lezinto eziphilayo elikwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphumelelayo ubuningi bezinguquko ezibangelwa yi-virus ezingaba khona ngaphakathi kwe-HIV. Uma izidakamizwa A zingakwazi ukucindezela ushintsho oluthile, khona-ke izidakamizwa B no C zingase zenze ubuqili.
Ukuhlola ukuphikiswa kwamagciwane kuhlinzeka odokotela amathuluzi adinga ukukhomba ukuguquguquka okunempilo ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, ngokwenza njalo, udokotela angakwazi ukulungisa ukwelashwa ngokukhetha izidakamizwa ezikwazi ukuzinqanda lezo zinguquko.
Ngokugcina abantu begciwane lesandulela ngculaza baqede ngokugcwele, hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi izidakamizwa zisebenza isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile ziba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Imishanguzo yegciwane lengculaza ingasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokudluliswa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kusuka kumama kuya kumntana , ukugwema ukutheleleka ngemuva kokuvezwa ngengozi , noma ukusiza umuntu ongenayo igciwane lengculazi ukuthi agweme ukutheleleka .
> Imithombo:
> Hogg, R .; I-Samji, H .; Cescon, A., et al. "Izinguquko Zesikhashana Ekuphileni Ukulindela Abantu abane-HIV +: eNyakatho Melika." I-19th Conference kwi-Retroviruses kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo (CROI). Mashi 7, 2013; Seattle; isethulo somlomo 137.
> Kitahata, M .; Gange, S .; U-Abraham, A., et al. "Umthelela we-antiretroviral we-antiretroviral we-antiretroviral ophikisana nayo ekuqaleni kokusinda." I-New England Journal of Medicine. Ngo-Ephreli 30, 2009; I-360 (18): 1815-1826.
> I-Sax, i-P .; Meyers, J .; Mugavero, M., et al. "Ukunamathela kwi-Antiretroviral Treatment and Correlation neHholo Lokungenisa Izibhedlela Phakathi Neziguli Zama-HIV Eziphephile E-United States." I-International Congress Congress yezokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ku-HIV Infection. NgoNovemba 8, 2010; I-Glasgow; isethulo somlomo 0113.
> UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu (DHHS). "Imihlahlandlela yokusetshenziswa kwe-Agent antiretroviral s ku-HIV-1-Adult Adultscents." I-Rockville, e-Maryland; ibuyekezwe ngo-July 14, 2016.