Izinto 10 Okufanele Uzazi Nge-HIV Ukuphikiswa Kwemithi

Ukuphikiswa Akusize, Kodwa Kuhlala Phakade

Ukumelana nezidakamizwa ze-HIV kuyinkinga ukuthi wonke umuntu ozokwelapha uzogcina ehlangene. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuthuthuke ngokwakho emva kweminyaka yokwelashwa noma, ngokuvamile, uma umuntu ehluleka ukuthatha izidakamizwa njengoba kunqunyiwe. Okunye okuphathelene nokuthi ukumelana nezidakamizwa kungadluliselwa kumuntu kumuntu ngokuxhumana kocansi , izinaliti ezabelwana, noma eminye imisebenzi ephezulu .

Naphezu kokukhathazeka okubanzi mayelana nokulwa nezidakamizwa ze-HIV, abantu abaningi bahlala bedidekile ngokuthi kungani kwenzeka noma yini abangayenza ukuze bayimise.

Nasi isimiso esingasiza:

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Imishanguzo ye-Antiretroviral Do Not Make Resistance

Uma ukutheleleka nge - HIV kwenzeka, akusilo uhlobo olulodwa lwe-HIV kepha ngezinkulungwane zezinhlu ezihlukahlukene ezihlukene, ngamunye ohlukile kancane olandelayo.

Ukuphikiswa kwezidakamizwa kubangelwa lapho imvelo yendawo yamagciwane ishintshiwe. Uma izidakamizwa ze-antiretroviral zengeziwe kumxube, ama-virus ayenamandla kakhulu okusinda aqala phambili kunabo abangakwazi. Abasindile yilokho esikubhekisela njengama-virus anqabile.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amagciwane angenamandla angaba yinkinga enkulu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka uma ukwelashwa kungase kumiswe noma kuphazanyiswe, okuvumela ukuhlukahluka okumelana nokwandisa futhi ekugcineni kubangele.

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Uhlobo lwe-Wild-Type I-HIV I-HIV EngoMbuso Wayo Wemvelo

Ngaphakathi kwechibi elingenalutho legciwane lesandulela ngculazi, ukuhlukahluka okuyinhloko kuthiwa yi-wild-type. I-wild-type virus igxile futhi ingabhekwa njenge-HIV esimweni sayo esingokwemvelo. Kubuye kube okuhlukile kakhulu "okulinganayo" futhi kukwazi ukusinda lapho abanye bengakwazi khona.

Ezimweni eziningi, i-HIV-uhlobo lwe-wild will dominate phezu kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo. Kuyinto kuphela uma i-viral pool iveza imithi elwa nezidambisigciwane ukuthi ukwakheka kwabantu kuzoqala ukushintsha.

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I-HIV Iphindaphinda Ngokushesha kodwa Ilungiswa Ngamaphutha

Uma kushiywe kungalashwa, i-HIV iphendula ngokuphindaphindiwe, ikhiqiza amagciwane amasha ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi ngosuku. Kodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-HIV ijwayele ukukopisha amaphutha lapho iphendula. Amagciwane akhiqizwa la maphutha abizwa ngokuthi "izinguquko."

"Ukuguqulwa" akusho ukuthi "ukuphikiswa". Iningi lalawo liphikisiwe kangangokuthi abakwazi ukuthelela noma ngisho nokuphila.

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, kuzothuthuka ukuguqulwa okukwazi ukuthelela amangqamuzana abanjwe futhi kusinde lapho kukhona khona izidambisigciwane. Lezi zinguquko ziphikisana nezidakamizwa.

Ngenkathi bengaphansi "okulinganayo" kunegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, ikhono labo lokubalekela imiphumela yokuphathwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kubanika ithuba elingcono lokungapheli nje kuphela kodwa likhulu.

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Izinguquko Zingakha Ukwandisa Ukuphikiswa Kwezidakamizwa

Ukuphikiswa kwezidakamizwa akukwenzeka konke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ikhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba abantu abaphikisanayo beqhubeka bephindaphindiwe bese bekhipha izinguquko ezengeziwe.

Njalo njalo, ukuguquguquka okusha okuzophikisana kuyokwakhiwa ngaphezulu kweyesikhathi esidala, okwandisa ukuqina kwegciwane. Njengoba lezi zinguquko eziningi zakhiwa, igciwane lingakwazi ukuphuma ekubeni yisifo esingenakuphikiswa ekuphikeleni ngokugcwele.

Lapho izidakamizwa zingasakwazi ukuvimbela igciwane, ukwehluleka kokwelashwa kuyomenyezelwa futhi inhlanganisela ehlukile yemithi izodinga ukubuyisela ukucindezelwa.

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Ukuba ne-Virus ephikisanayo Akusho ukuthi Unqabile

Ukuphikiswa kulinganiswa ngamadigri. Ukuhluka okumelana nakho kungaba ukumelana ngokugcwele, ukuphikisana kancane, noma ukutholakala ngokuphelele nomuthi othile we-HIV.

Ukuba noshintsho oluphikisayo akusho ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kuzohluleka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwelashwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi liqukethe izidakamizwa ezintathu, okunye okungakunqanda ukuhlukahluka okuningi. Ngakho-ke, uma esinye sezidakamizwa zakho singakwazi ukucindezela ukuhluka okuhlukile, omunye noma zombili izidakamizwa ezisele ngokuvamile zingakwazi.

Kodwa, ukwenza kanjalo kusho ukuthi kufanele uthathe izidakamizwa zakho nsuku zonke. Ukuba nezikhala ekwelapheni kwakho kuvumela kuphela ukuhluka okunamandla ukuphindaphindiwe futhi uqale ukwakha ukuguqulwa okungeziwe, okungaba yingozi.

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Ukuphikiswa Kungadluliselwa Kwabanye Abantu

Ngisho noma usanda kutheleleka, Kungenzeka uzuze igciwane elimelana nomuntu otheleleke. Sibhekisela kulokhu ukumelana okudlulisiwe . Kuye kwaba khona amacala lapho umuntu osanda kuthola khona ezuze khona ukumelana nokujulile, izimboni eziningi emakilasini amaningana wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza.

Ngokusho kocwaningo oluvela kwiCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, cishe ukutheleleka okusha kwezinyanga eziyisithupha e-US kuhilela ukumelana nokudluliselwa kwezidambisigciwane ezilodwa noma ngaphezulu.

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Ukuphikiswa Ukuphikiswa Kusiza Ukukhetha Izidakamizwa Ezifanele

Ukuphikisana nokuhlolwa kuyiluhlobo lokuhlolwa kwegazi olusiza ukukhomba ukuthi yiziphi izidakamizwa ze-HIV ongamelana nazo nokuthi ungakwazi ukuthini. Inikeza udokotela wakho isifinyezo sezinhlobo namazinga okuphikisa izidakamizwa okukhona ngaphakathi kwe-pool yakho yegciwane.

Ngokwenza kanjalo, udokotela wakho angakhetha ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa ezikwazi kakhulu ukuphatha abantu abanegciwane eliyingqayizivele.

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Ukungavumelani Okumpofu Kuhlinzeka I-Virus Ingxube Yokusinda

Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kuthathwa nsuku zonke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unezidakamizwa okwanele ohlelweni lwakho lokuvimbela igciwane kumazinga angenakubonakala . Abawubulali igciwane kepha kunalokho bawuvimbele ekuphindiseni.

Uma ungathathi izidakamizwa zakho njalo, amazinga egazini legazi azoqala ukuwa phansi futhi avumele ukuthi igciwane liphindaphinda kabusha. Ngenkathi izidakamizwa ezintsha zikhona "ukuthethelela" futhi zivumela ukuba umthamo ongeke ube khona, ukubambelela okubi kusalokhu kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokwehluleka kokwelashwa.

Eqinisweni, ngokusho kocwaningo oluvela kuJohn Hopkins University, abangaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-60 aseMelika mayelana nokwelapha ngezidambisigciwane bayakwazi ukufeza noma ukugcina umthamo wegciwane elingavamile

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Ukuphikiswa Kweyodwa Imithi Kungathinta Amakilasi Amaningana

Ngenxa yokuthi izinguquko zishintsha izici zomzimba (i-phenotype) yegciwane, noma yikuphi ukumelana negciwane kungase kube nomuthi owodwa kungathinta ezinye izidakamizwa zesigaba esifanayo. Sibhekisela kulokhu njengokumelana nokuphikisa.

Lokhu kwakuyisenzakalo esivamile nemithi emikhulu ye-HIV njengoSustiva (efavirenz) ne-Viramune (i-nevirapine), kokubili okuyiklasi elifanayo le- non-nucleoside drug . Uma uqale ukumelana, isibonelo, ku-Viramune (okungenzeka kwenzeke kalula kodwa kungashintshashintsha), cishe uzolahlekelwa uSustiva.

Nakuba lokhu kungavamile kakhulu ngemishanguzo emisha ye-antiretroviral, namanje akuyona into engavamile ukuzwa ukwehluleka kokwelashwa futhi uthole ukuthi awulahlekelwe yodwa noma izidakamizwa ezimbili kuphela kodwa isigaba sonke semithi.

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Ukuphikiswa Akusize, Kodwa Kuhlala Phakade

Uma unegciwane eliphikisanayo, uzohlala unalo igciwane elimelana nalo. Futhi, njengoba lelo gciwane lidlulela kumuntu oyedwa kuya kwesinye, likwazi ukuqhubeka nokwakha ukumelana nokuphikiswa.

Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abasanda kutholakala bangase bathole izindlela zokwelashwa ezimbalwa, kanti abantu abathintekayo abangeke bakwazi ukufeza ukucindezelwa kwamagciwane ngisho nokunamathela okuphelele.

Ukunamathela ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa kanye nezindlela zokuphepha zobulili eziphephile kuyisihluthulelo sokungagcini nje ukunciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kodwa ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila semithi yakho ye-HIV.

> Imithombo:

> Kim, D .; U-Ziebell, uR .; Saduvala, N. et al. "Ukuthambekela kokudluliswa kwe-HIV-1 imishanguzo yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza-ukuguqulwa okuguquguqukayo: izindawo ezingu-10 zokubhekwa kwe-HIV, i-US, 2007-2010." Ingqungquthela ye-20 yama-Retrovirus kanye nezifo ezivame ukubhekana nazo. Mashi 3-6, 2013; I-Atlanta, Georgia, engabonakali 149.

> McCarthy, uS .; UHoffman, uM .; UFerguson, uL. et al. "Ukunakekelwa kwe-HIV kuhlasela: amamodeli, izinyathelo nokuqhubeka phambili." J Int AIDS Soc. 2015; 18 (1): 19395. INGABE: 10.7448 / IAS.18.1.19395.