Ama-ovari yizinhlayiya ezinhle kakhulu eziyingxenye yesimiso sokuzala. Ama-ovari asobukhulu nokuma kwe-alimondi futhi ahlale phezu kwamatayipi angama-fallopian - i-ovary eyodwa ngakwesinye isisu. Njalo ngenyanga ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, i-ovary kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele ikhiqiza iqanda elilodwa elivuthiwe lokukhulelwa.
I-Ovarian Follicles and Ovulation
Uyazi ukuthi uma ingane izalwa, isivele inezinkulungwane ezingu-1 000 000 zama-ovarian follicles?
I-follicle ngayinye ye-ovari iqukethe ibhola elingenalutho lamaseli anamaqanda afaka phakathi nendawo. Ngesikhathi seyingane, cishe ingxenye yesigamu se-ovarian follicles ithathwa ngumzimba. Ngenkathi intombazane ifinyelela ekukhuleni futhi ukuqala kokuya esikhathini , i-follicles engaba ngu-400,000 kuphela eshiywe ukuba ikhule ibe ngamaqanda avuthiwe.
Nakuba iqanda elilodwa kuphela livame ukukhula ngokugcwele ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, indawo ethile phakathi kwezintambo ezinama-10 no-20 ziqala inqubo yokuvuthwa njalo ngenyanga. I-follicle ye-ovarian eyengeziwe ibuyele kabusha ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuvunguza.
Inqubo ye-ovulation iqalile futhi ilawulwa yi-drop hormone estrogen (ikakhulukazi i-estradiol ekusithekeni kwe-gonadotropin-release hormone (GnRH) ngaleyo ndlela ithumela umlayezo kwi-pituitary gland ukwandisa ukuvinjelwa kwayo kwe-hormone-stimulating hormone (FSH). ku- FSH kubangela ukukhula kwezingu-10 zama-ovarian follicles.
I-Estrogen ifihliwe ngamanye amaseli ku-follicle.
Ngaphambi nje kokuba u-ovulation ivele, i-follicle equkethe iqanda elikhulayo lihamba kancane libheke phezulu kwe-ovary. Lapho iqanda elivuthiwe selifika endaweni ye-ovari, ukuvuthwa kwenzeka lapho i-follicle ne-ovarian surface evulekile evumela iqanda ukuba likhuphuke ngaphandle kwe-ovary.
Ukwengeza, i-progesterone nayo ikhiqizwa ngamaseli ase-ovarian follicles ngaphambi nje kokuba u-ovulation kwenzeka.
Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, uma ukukhulelwa kungakaze kwenzeke, i-follicle engenalutho ibizwa ngokuthi i-corpus luteum futhi iphinda ibuyele emzimbeni. Uma ukukhulelwa kwenzeka i-corpus luteum ikhiqiza ama-hormone esiza ukugcina ukukhulelwa.
Ngemuva kokuthi iqanda likhishwe kwi-ovary liya kuma-oviducts (amaphuzu afana nomngcele we-tublopian tubes) lapho uqala khona uhambo olude lwezinsuku eziningana esibelethweni. Iqanda elivuthiwe lihanjiswe ekuhambeni kwalo emagqumeni angama-fallopian ngezingqamuzana zomzimba ezinjenge-wavelike emgqonyeni we-fallopian. Ingxenyeni yangaphakathi yesikhumba ngasinye se-fallopian iqukethe i-cilia ehlala ishaya izinwele ezincane; lawa cilia yilokho okusiza ukuhambisa insimu ebhekeni eqenjini uma owesifazane ephethe ubulili obuvikelekile. Ukukhulelwa (ukukhulelwa kweqanda ne-sperm) kuvame ukuvela engxenyeni yama-tubes eseduze ne-ovary. Kudingeka izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ukuze iqanda elikhulelwe lifinyelele esibelethweni.
I-Midcycle Pain noma Incomo
Abanye besifazane bathola i-twinge, i-cramp, noma ukungahambi kahle emhlane noma emathunjini aphansi uma ukuvuthwa kwenzeka. Abesifazane ngezinye izikhathi baqaphela inani elincane lokukhulelwa kwesisu, ngezinye izikhathi liqukethe inani elincane legazi, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Kwabesifazane abathile, lezi zimpawu zinzima ngokwanele ukuphutha ngenxa yokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic noma i-appendicitis. Abanye besifazane banesifo sekhanda, ubuhlungu besisu, noma i-malaise ejwayelekile; kuyilapho abanye besifazane bezwa ngcono kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Uma abesifazane bezwa lezi zimpawu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kuthiwa yi-Mittelschmerz noma ubuhlungu besisindo.
I-Ovarian Cysts
Ama-cysts e-ovariya ayizikhwama ezigcwele amanzi, ezifana nezibhanti. Ama-cysts e-ovariya avamile phakathi kwabesifazane phakathi neminyaka yabo yokuzala futhi ukukhula okufomathi kunoma yiziphi izinhlayiya zombili zama-almond ezihlangothini ngalunye zesisu. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-cysts yama-ovari ziyingozi futhi ziyahamba ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
I-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
I-Polycystic ovarian syndrome (i- PCOS ) iyisifo se-hormonal esithinta amaphesenti angu-7 kubo bonke abesifazane. Yisifo esibucayi kakhulu se-hormonal phakathi kwabesifazane. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, inamba yangempela yabesifazane abathintekayo yi-PCOS ingase ibe phezulu njengomunye kwabayishumi ngenxa yokuthi amacala amaningi ahlala engaziwa. Kungani amacala amaningi kangaka we-PCOS angatholakali? Njengoba izimpawu zingahluka kusuka kwabesifazane kuya kubafazi ngokuvamile kunzima ukuxilonga ngokunembile isifo se-polycystic ovarian syndrome. Ngenxa yokuthi i-polycystic ovary syndrome ingabangela imiphumela ephawulekayo yempilo yesikhathi eside, ukuxilongwa okusheshayo nokunembile, okulandelwa ukwelashwa okufanele kuphuthumayo.
I-Ovarian Cancer
Umdlavuza we-Ovarian uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umthuli" ongenamalengiso ngoba izikhathi eziningi azikho izimpawu kuze kube yilapho lesi sifo siphumelele esiteji esithuthukile. Abesithathu kwabesimame baseMelika bazothola uhlobo lomdlavuza empilweni yabo yonke futhi cishe amaphesenti angu-1.4 alawo mahlakalo abe nomdlavuza ohilela eyodwa noma kokubili ama-ovari.
Ama-tubypian tubes awonakele yizifo, izifo, noma ezinye izimo zingase zishayeke, zonakaliswe noma zibhujiswe ngezinye izikhathi zingabangela ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic (tubal). Eminye yezimbangela zokulimala kwe-tube fallopian zihlanganisa izifo ezivuvuzelayo zesikhumba (PID) , i- endometriosis , noma i- IUDs , kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STDs) noma ezinye izifo ezithintekayo.
Amaqanda angagciniwe, angawahlukanisi noma aphumele emzimbeni (angaboni) ngezimfihlo zangasese.