Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamathumba ezichopho: lezo eziqala ebuchosheni (okuyisisekelo) kanye nalabo abasakaza emdlalweni kwenye indawo emzimbeni (metastasis). Izicubu eziyinhloko zobuchopho, njenge-glioma, zenzeke kancane kancane, futhi lapho zenza, ziyizinambuzane ezimbi (umdlavuza). I- tumor ebulalayo iyinqwaba yesifo somdlavuza oqhubeka ukhula; akwenzi lutho ngaphandle kokudla umzimba ukuze ukhule.
I-Gliomas yakha iqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke lamathumba okuqala obuchopho. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-glioma: i-astrocytomas, ekhula noma ikuphi ebuchosheni noma intambo yomgogodla; ubuchopho buqeda ama-gliomas, okuvela engxenyeni ephansi kunazo zonke zobuchopho; i-ependymomas, eqala ngaphakathi kobuchopho, emgodini we-ventricles, kanye ne-oligodendrogliomas, evame ukukhula ku-cerebrum (kakhulu engavamile, emele kuphela u-3% wazo zonke izicubu zesifo sobuchopho). I-astrocytoma ephakeme ibizwa nge-glioblastoma; lezi zimelela ama-23% azo zonke izicubu eziyinhloko zobuchopho.
Izibalo
Ngokusho kwe-American Brain Tumor Association, izicubu eziyinhloko zobuchopho zenzeka ngesilinganiso se-12.8 kubantu abayi-100,000. Nakuba abantu banoma yibuphi ubudala bangase bahlakulele isifo sobuchopho, inkinga ibonakala ivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-3 kuya ku-12 futhi kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya ku-70. E-United States, izingane ezingaba ngu-2 200 ezincane kuneminyaka engama-20 zitholwa minyaka yonke ngezicubu zobuchopho .
Esikhathini esidlule, odokotela babengazicabangi ngamathumba ebuchopho kubantu asebekhulile. Ngenxa yokuqwashisa nokuqwashisa amasu okuskena kobuchopho, abantu abaneminyaka engu-85 ubudala nangaphezulu manje bathola ukuthi baphathwa futhi baphathwa.
Kunzima Ukwelapha
Izindlala ezikhula ebuchosheni zinzima ukuphatha. Uhlobo olulodwa lwezokwelapha yimisebe yangaphandle ye-beam, lapho imisebe idlula khona ebuchosheni ukuya emzimbeni.
Ngeshwa, lokhu kudalula izicubu zengqondo ezinempilo emisebeni engabangela ukulimaza. Olunye ukwelashwa ukususwa kwe-tumor, uma kungenzeka, kulandelwa i-chemotherapy. Zonke lezi zindlela zokwelapha kunzima ukubhekana nazo futhi zifaka ingozi kumguli. Ngeshwa, ama-glioma amaningi akhula emuva ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa.
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani kunzima ukuqeda lezi zinhlobo zezicubu zobuchopho. Ezinye izidakamizwa azikwazi ukungena ebuchosheni ngenxa yendlela yokuhlunga ekhethekile emzimbeni (obizwa ngokuthi ukuvinjelwa kwegazi-ebuchosheni ). Ezinye izicubu zisakazeka ngaphakathi (ukungena ngaphakathi) izicubu ezizungezile zinezilinganiso ezincane. Ama-tumor amaningi anesisindo esingaphezu kweyodwa kuwo, ngakho-ke i-chemotherapy eqondiswa olunye uhlobo lweseli kulesi sifo ngeke libulale amanye amaseli.
Iphikelela ekuHlweni kweNdabuko
Izindlela ezintsha zokuphatha izicubu zobuchopho zicutshungulwa, kuhlanganise nokuguqula ukwelashwa okukhona kanye nokuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokunikeza ukwelashwa.
Ukuze uthole izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy ezedlule ukuvinjelwa kwegazi-ngokwengqondo, isibonelo, abacwaningi banda izilinganiso futhi bajobe izidakamizwa ngqo emithanjeni yegazi yobuchopho. Indlela entsha ibeka ilungelo lokusebenzisa i-chemotherapy endaweni yomzimba. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, amafolda epulasitiki amancane angasetshenziselwa ukufakwa lapho i-tumor ikhona khona.
Lezi zinhlayiya zikhulula izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy khona lapho.
Okufanayo kungenziwa nge-radiation therapy. Ngemuva kokuba isisu sisusiwe, ibhaluni yokuhlinzwa ifakwa emgodini oshiywe yi-tumor. Ibhaluni igcwele imisebe yamanzi, kanti ngaphezu kwesonto elilandelayo, likhanyisa izicubu ezizungezile ukuze libulale noma yiliphi ilungu lomdlavuza.
Antiangiogenesis
Abacwaningi babheka ukwelashwa kwe-tumor kusuka ema-angles amaningi athakazelisayo. Enye yalezi zindlela i-antiangiogenesis. Lokhu kusho ukususa ukunikezwa kwegazi ngesisu ukuze kungabi nje kuphela ukuthi ngeke kukhule, kuyokwenyuka futhi kufe. Ucwaningo olulodwa lwazama umuthi we-antioangiogenic, u-Thalidomide, ngeziguli ezinama-gliomas ahlukumezekayo angazange aphendule emisebeni ye-radiation kanye / noma i-chemotherapy.
Ngonyaka owodwa ngemuva kokuqala lesi sidakamizwa, iziguli ezingama-25% zisaphila, nakuba izicubu zabo zisakhula. Abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi mhlawumbe uThalidomide angazama ukulwa neziguli ezanda kutholakala, futhi kuhlangene nemisakazo kanye ne-chemotherapy.
Ukusebenzisa i-Immune System
Enye indlela yokwelashwa kwe-glioma ehlolwayo isebenzisa isimiso somzimba sokuvikela omzimba ukuze silwe nesisu. Abacwaningi ocwaningweni bathatha iziguli ezingu-19 ezinama-gliomas, benza umuthi ngamunye ngamunye usebenzisa amangqamuzana akhe omzimba, futhi emva kokugoma kwakhuthaza ukukhiqizwa komuntu ngamunye wamangqamuzana egazi omhlophe (okulwa nokutheleleka). Amashumi ayishumi nesikhombisa weziguli abonise impendulo kumgomo wokugoma. Ezigulini eziyisishiyagalombili, abacwaningi bakwazi ukubona impendulo nge-ray-ray, kanti iziguli ezinhlanu zithuthukile ngempela. Ezinye zeziguli zahlala isikhathi eside ngemva kweminyaka emibili yokwelapha.
I-Poliovirus
Ukwelashwa okungenzeka ukuthi uthole ukuhanjiswa kwezindaba ukusetshenziswa kwe-poliovirus ukuhlasela ama-gliomas. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi i-poliovirus inomtshisekelo wemvelo kumakhemikhali atholakala kuma-glioma amabi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba bebengathandi ukudala i-polio, basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezakhi zofuzo ukuthatha ucezu lwegciwane elibangela ukushisa (i-rhinovirus) bese lifaka ku-poliovirus. Lokhu "kukhubaza" ingxenye ebangela isifo se-poliovirus. Abacwaningi benza ama-gliomas emagundwini, bese behlolwe igciwane elisha emathunjini. Babejabule ukubona ukuthi izidumbu zaqedwa. Isinyathelo esilandelayo sizobe senza ucwaningo lokucwaninga ukuhlola igciwane kubantu.
> Imithombo:
> American Brain Tumor Association. Amaqiniso nezibalo.
> Society of American For Microbiology. "I-poliovirus enezifo ezithathelwanayo ilwa nezicubu zobuchopho." Ukukhishwa kwezindaba, uMeyi 22, 2001.
> Fine, HA, Figg, WD, Jaeckle, K, et al. (2000). Isivivinyo sesiGaba II se-antiangiogenic agent Thalidomide ezigulini ezinama-gliomas aphezulu aphezulu. J Clin Oncol, Umq. 18, no-4, iphe 708-715.
> Flowers, A. (2000). Izicubu zesibindi kumuntu omdala. I-Cancer Control, Umq. 7, No. 6, iphe 523-538.
> National Cancer Institute. Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngama-Brain Tumors.
> Sloan, AE, Dansey, R., Zmorano, L., Barger, G., Hamm, C., Diaz, F., Baynes, R., Wood, G. (2000). I-immunotherapy ezithathelwanayo ezigulini ezine-glioma ezibulalayo. I-Neurosurg Focus, Umq. 9, No. 6.
> I-Wake Forest University Medical Centre. "Hlanganisa amaHlathi kuqala > umhlaba > ukwenza ukwelashwa okusha kobuchopho obusha." Ukukhishwa kwezindaba, May 25, 2001.