Isixwayiso sokuqala somdlavuza wesikhumba yisilonda esisha esolisayo esikhumbeni sakho. Ngenhlanhla, asikho isizathu sokwesaba, ngoba izinhlanzi eziningi zesikhumba azikona umdlavuza, kodwa ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesikhumba kufanele kusenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
Ukuze unqume ukuthi lesi sifo sinomdlavuza noma cha, udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzovame ukuxoxa ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha ukucacisa izinto zakho eziyingozi, kuhlanganise nemlando yomdlavuza wesikhumba emndenini wakho kanye nenani lokushisa kwelanga ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Kuzohlolwa ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba , lapho udokotela azobona khona ubukhulu, ukuma, umbala, nokuthungwa kwendawo esolisayo. Uzobe esehlola izitholampilo zakho ukuze zihlole ukuvuvukala, uphawu olubonakalayo lomdlavuza.
I-Biopsy
Indlela kuphela yokuthola ngokucacile ukuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zesifo somdlavuza wesikhumba kuwubuchopho obusolisayo. Ulwazi oluwusizo, njengokujula kwe-tumor, lungatholakala kuphela nge-biopsy. Izindlela ze-Biopsy zihlanganisa:
- Shave i-biopsy: Udokotela usebenzisa insimbi emincane, ebukhali ukuze aphule ukukhula okungavamile. Lona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-biopsy lapho udokotela esolwa nge-basal cell carcinoma noma i-squamous cell carcinoma.
- Punch biopsy: Udokotela usebenzisa ithuluzi elibukhali, elingenalutho ukuze asuse umjikelezo wezicubu endaweni engavamile.
- Biopsy Incisional: Udokotela usebenzisa i-scalpel ukususa ingxenye yokukhula.
- Biopsy Excisional: Udokotela usebenzisa i-scalpel ukususa konke ukukhula nezinye izicubu ezizungezile. Qaphela ukuthi i-biopsy yokuzikhethela yiyona ndlela enhle yokukhetha i-biopsy uma udokotela ephikisa i-melanoma. Kuye ngokuthi usayizi noma indawo yesikhumba, nokho, i-biopsy yokuzijabulisa ingase ingabi njalo.
Le nqubo yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo ehhovisi likadokotela noma kwenye imitholampilo yokugula. Isampula bese iya ebhodini lapho i-pathologist izoyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
Uma udokotela ephikisa i-melanoma yamathambo, amanye amathuluzi okuxilongwa kanye nesiteji angabandakanya ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwezinga le- LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) noma izifundo zokucabangela ezifana ne-X-ray, CT (computed tomography), i-MRI (imaging resonance imaging), ne-PET (positron emission tomography) ihlola.
Udokotela angadinga futhi ukuthatha isampula yama-lymph nodes akho usebenzisa izinqubo ezifana ne-sentinel lymph node mapping or aspirational needle aspiration.
Isiteji
Uma i-biopsy ibonisa ukuthi une-melanoma, udokotela wakho udinga ukwazi izinga (lesi sigaba) sesifo ukuhlela ngokuphumelelayo ukwelashwa kwakho. Ngokusho kweNational Institutes of Health, lesi sigaba sisekelwe kulezi zici ezintathu:
- Ubukhulu bokukhula
- Yeka kangakanani ukukhula ngaphansi kwengqimba ephezulu yesikhumba
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usakaze ezithombeni eziseduze zamantombazane noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba
Ngokufushane, izigaba ze-melanoma zilandelayo:
- Isigaba sesi-0: Umdlavuza uhlanganisa kuphela ungqimba wesikhumba. Ibizwa ngokuthi i- melanoma in situ .
- Isigaba I: Ukukhula kungaphansi kwama-millimitha ajulile.
- Isigaba II: Ukukhula kungaphezu kwamamitha amabili.
- Isigaba III: Umdlavuza usakazeke ngaphansi kwesikhumba kuya emathunjini, imisipha, amathambo, noma ama-lymph nodes eseduze. Akusakazeki kwezinye izindawo emzimbeni.
- Isigaba IV: Umdlavuza usakaze kwezinye izindawo emzimbeni.
Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-TNM lwesiteji. Udokotela wakho angabela futhi i- Clark ne-Breslow inombolo- ukusimama kokungena kwe-tumor nobukhulu, ngokulandelana-ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-melanoma yakho futhi unqume ukuthi ukuchaza kwakho kuyini. Ukugxila kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ngoba sinquma izinketho zakho zokwelapha .
Ukuze uqinisekise ukutholakala okuqondile, cabanga ukuthola umbono wesibili kumchwepheshe onjenge-dermatologist.
Imithombo:
"Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngekhanda Lesikhumba." I-National Cancer Institute. July 2002.
"Konke NgoKhukhu Lesikhumba - I-Melanoma." I-American Cancer Society. Julayi 2008.