Kusuka Kumpawu Zokunakekelwa, nansi okudingeka ukwazi
Izicubu ze-Brain ziwumphumela wokukhula okungalawulwa kwamangqamuzana angavamile ebuchosheni. Zingathinta izingane kanye nabantu abadala, kanti nakuba zingavamile, umdlavuza wezobuchopho uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza ezinganeni ngemuva kwe- acute lymphocytic leukemia .
Izicubu ze-Brain zingabhekwa njengezinambuzane (ezinomdlavuza) noma ezinobuthi (okungewona umdlavuza). Izicubu ezinonya zivame ukwedlula ukwedlula izinhlobo ezinobungozi, kodwa zombili zimbi kakhulu futhi zingaba zibulalayo.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-140 zezinambuzane zobuchopho ezingaba khona ebuchosheni. Izicubu ze-Brain zingafakwa njengeziyisisekelo noma imetastatic, kuye ngokuthi zivelaphi emzimbeni.
Izicubu eziyinhloko zobuchopho zivela ebuchosheni futhi zingavamile ukusabalalisa ngaphandle kwayo. Izicubu ze-metastatic ziqala kwenye ingxenye yomzimba futhi zisakaze ebuchosheni ngegazi noma izicubu zethempeli. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zithandwa kakhulu ekusakazeni ebuchosheni. Lezi zinhlobo zihlanganisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu , umdlavuza webele , i- melanoma , nomdlavuza wezinso . Umdlavuza we-Lung yilona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sofuba ukuze kusetshenziswe ubuchopho . Cishe amaphesenti angu-40 abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu bazoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa isisu sobuchopho. Amathumba e-Metastatic awabhekwa ngokuthi umdlavuza webuchopho, kodwa kunalokho kuthiwa yi-metastatic tumor ebuchosheni. Isibonelo, umdlavuza wamaphaphu oye wasakazeka ebuchosheni awubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza womqondo, kepha umdlavuza wesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu kunomqondo.
Izimbangela
Asazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela izicubu zobuchopho, kodwa ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izici eziningana zingadlala indima ekuthuthukisweni kwazo. Izingozi zengozi yobuchopho zihlanganisa:
- Ukuvezwa kwemisebe kuhlanganise nemisebe yezokwelapha
- Umlando womndeni wezifo ezithile zofuzo ezifana neurofibromatosis, i- tuberous sclerosis , isifo seVon Hippel-Lindau , nesifo se-Li-Fraumeni
- Ukuba nesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba (ikakhulukazi nge-CNS lymphomas kanye ne- AIDS )
Izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-tumor ze-Brain ziyahlukahluka ngokuya endaweni yesikhumba ngaphakathi kobuchopho nobukhulu. Ubukhulu bezimpawu abukhombisi ukuthi i-tumor enkulu kangakanani njengezicubu ezincane zingabangela izimpawu ezinzima.
Ukukhanda ikhanda kuyisifo esivamile samathumba ebuchopho kodwa ngokuvamile kuvumelwane nesinye isibonakaliso. Izikhwehlela ezihlobene nezicubu zobuchopho zivame ukuba nezici ezibahlukanisa nezikhwama ezihlobene nezimo ezinzima kakhulu. Ezinye izimpawu zesifo sofuba zingabandakanya:
- I-nausea kanye / noma ukuhlanza
- Ukuzizwa
- Ukuphazanyiswa okubonakalayo nokuzwayo (ukucubungula)
- Izinkinga ngememori
- Inqubo yokucabangela encane
- Ubuthakathaka kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba, noma i-gait engavamile
- Ukukhathala noma ukulala okungaphezulu
- Izinguquko zomuntu
Ukuthola i-Cancer Brain
Uma udokotela wakho esolwa ukuthi une-tumor ebuchosheni, uzokuthumelela ukuthola isithombe se-resonance magnetic (MRI). Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-imaging kunika odokotela umbono ongavamile wobuchopho bakho futhi kungase kube ukuhlolwa okudingekayo kuphela ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba khona kwesisu sobuchopho. Ezimweni ezithile ezingalinganiselwe, ingasetshenziswa i-CT scan. Ukuhlola kwe-PET, okusiza odokotela ukubona umsebenzi wobuchopho, kungasiza ukuxilonga umdlavuza womqondo oyinhloko kodwa kungase kungabi usizo kakhulu uma kuziwa ezifweni zemetastatic.
Okulandelayo, i-biopsy yobuchopho cishe iyokwalelwa ukuqinisekisa noma yikuphi ukulimala kanye nohlobo lwe-tumor yobuchopho okwamanje. Uma izicubu zikhona, njengoba kuboniswe kwi-MRI, nomdlavuza onayo uhlobo lomdlavuza owaziwa ukuthi unomzimba, khona-ke i-biopsy ingase ingadingekile. Kodwa-ke, ngezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingasakazeki ebuchosheni, i-biopsy iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxilonga.
I-biopsies ye-Brain ivame ukwenza njengengxenye yokuhlinzwa ukukhipha isisu. Izicubu zesampula zingabuyekezwa egumbini lokusebenza, okuvumela udokotela ohlinzayo ukuba enze isinqumo mayelana nokuthi uzoqhubeka yini nokwelapha okuhlinzekwa noma cha. Ukuhlolwa okubanzi kokwehlukumeza komzimba kuzokwenziwa nentsholongwane yokwelapha okungathatha izinsuku eziningana ukuthola imiphumela.
Kwezinye izimo, i-biopsy evaliwe, ebizwa nangokuthi i-biopsy stereotactic, yenziwa lapho isisu sikhona esifundeni sobuchopho obunzima ukusifinyelela. Kuyinto encane engavamile yocopsy kodwa ithwala izingozi. Ukukhishwa kwe-lumbar (ithempini yomgogodla) ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa futhi.
Izinketho zokuhlinza nokwelashwa
Ithimba lakho lokwelapha cishe lizoba neurosurgeon, i-oncologist yezokwelapha, i-oncologist ye-radiation, ne-pathologist. Amalungu amaningi eqembu elisekela njengabahlengikazi be-oncology kanye nomsebenzi wezenhlalakahle afakiwe futhi.
Uhlobo lwe-tumor, indawo, kanye nebanga lizonquma uhlelo lokulashwa. Ukwelashwa okunokwelapha kungenzeka ngezinye izicubu, kuyilapho ukunciphisa ukukhula noma ukumane ukhulule izimpawu ezinzima kungaba umgomo wokwelashwa kwabanye. Ngeshwa, kungase kube khona inkambo ephakanyisiwe yokwelashwa kwezinye izicubu zobuchopho.
Ukuhlinzwa okusebenzayo ekwelapheni kwe-tumor ubuchopho kubandakanya ukuthengiswa kwe-tumor (ukususwa okuphelele) noma i-debulking (ukususa ngangokunokwenzeka). Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuhlinzwa kungase kube yindlela yokwelashwa kuphela okudingekayo, kodwa abanye bangadinga ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezifana nokwelashwa kwemisebe. Ukwelashwa okulandelwa ukwelashwa kwemisebe kuvame kakhulu nezicubu eziningi.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kungasetshenziswa yedwa noma kulandela ukuhlinzwa kwezinye izicubu zobuchopho. Imiphumela emibi ingafaka izinkinga ngokulahlekelwa kwememori nokuhlushwa. Ukuvuvukala kungaba nomthelela ohlangothini, ovame ukwelashwa nge-corticosteroids.
I-Chemotherapy ingase isetshenziswe kwezinye izicubu ezifana ne- CNS i-lymphoma , gliomas, noma i-medullablastomas-eyaziwa ukuthi isabela kahle kuma-chemotherapy agents. Ukwelashwa nge-chemotherapy kuvame ukulinganiselwa ngenxa yokungakwazi kwamakhemikhali amaningi okwelapha ukuwela igazi- umzila wokuvimbela igazi ukuze ufinyelele ebuchosheni. Imithi yokwelashwa ehlosiwe yilapha isigaba esisha sokwelapha esihlasela ngokuqondile ukushintsha kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. I-Avastin (bevacizumab) ingenye yalezi zidakamizwa ezisebenza ngokusika igazi egazini, empeleni "ukulamba" isisu.