Kungani Izibhamu Eziningi Zenzeka Emazweni aseNingizimu
Izifunda eziningana e-United States zihlotshaniswa nesilinganiso esiphezulu sokushaywa kwesifo kunanoma yiliphi izwe. Le yinkinga enjalo eyaziwayo ukuthi isifunda sase-United States empeleni siye sabizwa ngokuthi 'ibhande lokushaya' ngumphakathi wezokwelapha kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo zomphakathi.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukushaywa yisifo esinye sezimbangela eziyinhloko zokufa nokukhubazeka, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebeka abantu baseNingizimu United States engozini enkulu yokushaya isifo, futhi ukuthola indlela yokuvimbela isifo phakathi kwabantu abasengozini.
Uma uvela e-United States belt stroke, kufanele wazi amaqiniso mayelana nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukuba yisisulu somvimbo.
I-Stroke Belt
Idatha evela kumaCenter for Disease Control okubukeka okungenani iminyaka engama-40 ikhombisa ukuthi abantu abavela kulesi sibhande sokushaya isifo okungenani kabili banomdlavuza phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwabo njengabantu abaneminyaka efanayo abavela emabhantshini omzimba. Amazwe anesilinganiso esiphezulu sokushaywa yisifo e-United States sonke sendawo esendaweni eseningizimu ye-US. Ziyi-(nge-alfabhethi): i-Alabama, i-Arkansas, i-Georgia, i-Indiana, i-Kentucky, i-Louisiana, i-Mississippi, i-North Carolina, iNingizimu Carolina ne-Tennessee. Ngokuthakazelisayo, abantu abakhulele ebhantshini lokushaya isisindo badluliselwa kwelinye izwe elitholakala ngaphandle kwebhande lokushaya isisu ngemuva kokubuntwana baqhubeka beba nesifo sokushaywa komuntu lapho bekhulile kunabangane babo abafana nabo.
Izimbangela Zomzimba Okhulayo Phakathi Kwabantu Banye Kusuka eStroke Belt
Kukhona izimbangela eziningana zalesi sigameko sokwehla kwesifo esithinta abantu abavela ebhanini elishayo lase-United States. Eqinisweni, ukwanda kwesifo sohlangothi kuwudaba olubalulekile ekunakekelweni kwempilo yaseMelika, ukuthi idatha eqoqwe kusuka ezingamashumi ezinkulungwane zeziguli isetshenziswe ngezizathu zokuhlukahluka kobuzwe kanye nokuhlukana kwezinhlanga ku-Stroke (REGARDS).
Lokhu kwakuyisifundazwe, esisekelwe kubantu, esifundweni eside sabantu abamhlophe nabamnyama abaneminyaka engaba ngu-45 ubudala, ababhalisile kulolu cwaningo kusukela ngo-2003 kuya ku-2007. Izibalo eziningana zengozi yokuhlaselwa yi-stroke zihlolwe ngokucophelela ngamathimba ochwepheshe ososayensi bezokwelapha ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi kulezi zinkampani zazibhekene nenani elikhudlwana lokushaywa kwesibhamu ku-belly belly belt. Kube nokuthola okuthakazelisayo okunye.
Amaphethini ezokudla
Ezinye izindlela zokudla zitholakala ukuthi zinokuxhumana okukhulu nomngcipheko ophezulu we-stroke nesifo senhliziyo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, iphethini ethile yokudla ebizwa ngokuthi i-Pattern Southern Dietary Pattern, yayihlanganiswe nengozi engaba ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-56. Lokhu kudla, ngokusho kwabalobi bokucwaninga, kubonakala ngamafutha anwetshiwe, ukudla okuthosiwe, amaqanda, isitho nenyama esetshenzisiwe, kanye neziphuzo ezinoshukela. Ukudla kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kunomthelela ezindabeni eziningi zempilo, kuhlanganise nesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, amazinga amafutha namazinga e-cholesterol, konke okuyaziwa ukuthi kuthinta kakhulu ingozi yokushaywa yisifo.
I-Southern Dietary Pattern ihlanganisa iziqu ezimbalwa ezaziwayo ezilimaza umzimba ikakhulu ngezindlela eziholela ekushayweni. Amafutha amaningi kakhulu ekudleni kwakho angakhuphula ama-cholesterol namazinga e- triglyceride , awaziwa ukuthi angabangela isifo.
Ukudla okuthosiwe nokudla okucutshungulwayo kuvame kakhulu kunomthelela othile wamafutha obizwa ngokuthi ama-trans noma amafutha athile. Amafutha we-Trans amafutha anzima umzimba ukuthi usebenzise kahle. Ukudla okuphezulu kwamafutha okuthutha kuhlanganiswe ngokuqinile nesifo esiphambene nesifo sohlangothi. Ukudla okunzima ekudleni okuthosiwe, ukudla okucutshungulwayo, amafutha kanye noshukela kungabangela ukukhuluphala nesifo sikashukela, zombili ezibangelwa ukushaywa.
Umlando womndeni
Esinye isici esibalulekile sengozini ngumlando womndeni. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abadala abanelungu lomndeni oye labhekana nesifo sokushaya isifo ngamathuba angu-33 ephezulu wokuba nesifo sohlangothi.
Kunezizathu eziningi zezifo ezenzeka phakathi kwamalungu omndeni. I-Genetics yisona isizathu esicacile kakhulu sokuthambekela komndeni ukuthuthukisa isifo esithile. Ngokuqinisekile, izakhi zofuzo zithinta ingozi yokushayeka. Isibonelo, isifundo esisanda kuvela eNyuvesi yaseVermont College of Medicine salandele abantu abangaphezu kuka-30,000 ukufuna ukuxhumana kwesifo sofuzo.
Kwaphela iminyaka emihlanu, kwaphawulwa ukuthi abantu abanesifo segazi AB babengase babe nomdlavuza kunabantu ababenesifo segazi O, igazi lehlobo A, noma uhlobo lwegazi B. Uhlobo lwegazi luyisici sezakhi zofuzo. Ngokwemvelo, uhlobo lwegazi AB luyinto engavamile kakhulu kwizinhlobo ezine zegazi. Isifo se-sickle cell, enye yezinkinga zegazi zohlobo lwegazi, iyinye imbangela eqinile yokushaywa yisifo. Izifo eziningana zokuqhaqha kwegazi kanye nezimo zenhliziyo ezisebenza emindenini ziyaziwa ngokuholela ekushayweni. Kukhona, ngokufanayo, ezinye izifo ezingavamile ezinganeni ezingavamile emithanjeni yegazi ebuchosheni obungabangela ukushaywa yisisu.
Kodwa, naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, abacwaningi baseStanford University bathole ukuthi yizinto zokuphila ezithintekayo ukuhlukahluka kwesimo sokungathi sengozini yokushaya isifo e-United States, hhayi izakhi zofuzo. Ngokuqinisekile, izakhi zofuzo zidlala indima, kodwa ososayensi benza uphenyo oluningi lwe-DNA futhi bathola ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kofuzo phakathi kwabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kulo lonke elase-United States. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi kunezinye izici eziphawulekayo ezihluka kwesifunda esinye kuya kwesinye, kuhlanganise nokudla, ukubhema, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, izinga lemfundo, inzuzo, nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yokunakekelwa kwempilo, konke okubambe iqhaza elikhulu okuholela ekushayweni.
Ukubuyela emanzini okuba nokushaya isifo phakathi kwamalungu omndeni, kuvela ukuthi imikhuba yokuphila njengamaphethini okudla, ukubhema nokuthola ukunakekelwa kahle kwezempilo ngokuvamile kufana kakhulu phakathi kwamalungu omndeni kunamalungu angewona amalungu omndeni. Lokhu okuqinisekile, ingxenye enkulu yesizathu sokuhlangana komndeni ngesifo sohlangothi.
Ungayenza Noma Yimuphi Ngeengozi Yakho Yokushaya Isisu?
Uma uvela ebhantshini lokushaya, uma uhlala ebhantshini lokushaya noma uma unomlando oqinile womndeni wokushaya, lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele ulindele ukuthi ube nesifo ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakho. Kunezinto eziningi ongayenza ukuze unciphise amathuba okuba nesifo, ngisho noma ungena esigabeni 'sengozini enkulu.' Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zisebenza kakhulu ekunciphiseni amathuba akho okuba nesifo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uvelaphi.
Ukuzama Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Eziyingozi Ze-Stroke
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa kokuhlola okuvamile kwengozi yokushaywa yisifo. Eqinisweni, ukuhlolwa kwakho okujwayelekile ehhovisi likadokotela ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhlola ukuhlolwa kwezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zesifo sohlangothi. Ingabe udokotela wakho ulalela inhliziyo yakho uma ungena ku-check-up? Khona-ke, uye wahlola isifo sokushaya isifo ngaphandle kokuqaphela! Ungathola kabanzi mayelana nokuvakashelwa kwakho kudokotela njalo kubandakanya ukuhlola ukuhlolwa kwesifo.
Yeka Ukubhema
Ababhemayo abaningi abafuni ukuzwa lokhu, kodwa ukubhema kungenye yezindlela ezimbi kakhulu zokulimaza umzimba wakho nobuchopho bakho. Ukubhema kuholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni bakho nasenhliziyweni yakho. Lokhu kuphakamisa ingozi yokushaya isifo. Kodwa-ke, ngokumangazayo, umonakalo obangelwa ukubhema ungadlulela uma uyeka ngaphambi kokuba umonakalo ubangele imiphumela engenakuguquka njengesihlungu nesifo somdlavuza.
Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo
Ukukhuluphala kwesinye isisindo sengozi. Kunezindlela eziningi zokulahlekelwa isisindo. Ukulahlekelwa isisindo kungenye yezinkinga ezinzima kakhulu zokuphila umuntu angase abhekane nazo. Kodwa, ngisho nenqubekela phambili encane ekubhekeleni isisindo sakho esinempilo singathinta kakhulu empilweni yakho ngokunciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo sohlangothi.
Ukudla
Isibonelo salolokudla okuyisisekelo kuwumkhuba onzima wokuphula. Kodwa, kunabantu abaningi abaye benza izinguquko ezincane emikhuba yokudla eyenza umehluko omkhulu. Isibonelo, ukunciphisa ukudla kwakho okuthosiwe kungenza umehluko ojulile engozini yakho yokuncintisana ngokunciphisa ukudla kwakho kwamafutha okudlulisa.
I-antioxidants ingenye ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla. Thola okunye ngemiphumela yama-antioxidants, okuyizinto ezithuthukisa impilo yezithelo, imifino namantongomane. Ukudlulisa ukudla okusetshenzisiwe ngezithelo nemifino esisha kungakuvikela umzimba wakho ekulimaleni.
Ukuzivocavoca
Ukuzivocavoca kuye kwafakazelwa ukuvimbela isifo. Ukusebenzisa akusho ukuthi udinga ukuguqula ngokuphelele impilo yakho. Cishe awuboni, kodwa kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuzivocavoca osuvele uzenza njalo ngesonto. Isihluthulelo ukwandisa lezo zenzo zomzimba ukunciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo sohlangothi.
Amaphethini Omsebenzi
Izimo zokusebenza ngokucindezeleka eziphakeme zihlobene nokungenwa kengozi. Amashejuli angashintshi okushintshwa nawo ahlanganiswe nokushaywa. Ngesikhathi umsebenzi kukhona okumbalwa abantu abanamandla okulawula, kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ongayithatha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi ophephile kakhulu. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, uma unesimo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi izisebenzi zakho noma abathandekayo bakho ngaphansi komsebenzi onobuthi obuncane, qaphela ukuthi izinkinga ezifana nokuphepha emsebenzini, amahora omsebenzi omude, ukucindezeleka komsebenzi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza esingalindelekile kuthinta kakhulu impilo yabasebenzi bakho. Ungathola kabanzi mayelana nokuthi amahora amahora afaka kanjani ingozi yokuphazamiseka nokuthi amahora ashintshi angabangela kanjani ingozi yokushayeka.
Izizungezile Ezihle
Ukuphumula, ukuzindla, ingokomoya, nobuhlobo obuhle konke kuye kwafakazelwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo. Iningi labantu liyakwazi ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yabo yokuphila ngokubheka ngokucophelela ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
Ibhande le-United States elishaywayo liyinto 'yangempela.' Kodwa ukwanda kwesifo phakathi kwabantu abavela ebhantshini lokushaya akuyona into engaguquki. Ungathatha isinyathelo ukunciphisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo uma unenkinga yezempilo noma izinkinga zokuphila ezibeka engozini yokuba nesifo sohlangothi. Ukuthatha izinyathelo ezincane ekuvimbeleni ukushaywa yisifo kungakhuphula isikhathi sakho sokuphila ngokuthatha iminyaka engu-12.5.
> Imithombo:
> Kennedy RE, Howard G, Hamba uRC, et al. Ukuhlangana Phakathi Kweengozi Yomndeni Yesihlungu Sokushaywa Kwesifo Sokushaywa Kwesifo Nokwelashwa Kwamakhemikhali Nezifo Ezingozi Ezingavamile Nezifo Eziphilayo. Isibungu . 2012; 43 (4): 974-9.
> Rehkopf DH, iDomingue BW, UMnu Cullen. I-Geographic Distribution Ye-Genetic Risk Njengoba Iqhathaniswa Nobungozi Komphakathi Wezifo Ezigulayo E-United States. Biodemography Soc Biol. 2016; 62 (1): 126-42.
> Shikany JM, Safford MM, Newby PK, Durant RW, Brown TM, Judd SE. Isibonelo Sokudla Kwezwe Esihlobene Nengozi Yezifo Zezinhliziyo Zase-Coronary Acute ngezizathu zokuhlukahluka kobuzwe nobuhlanga ku-Stroke (IMIBUZO) Isifundo. Ukujikeleza . 2015; 132 (9): 804-14.
> Verduzco LA, Nathan DG. Isifo Samasondo Esigulayo kanye nesifo sohlangothi. Igazi . 2009; 114 (25): 5117-25.
> Zakai NA, Judd SE, Alexander K, et al. Uhlobo lwegazi le-Risk Stroke: Izizathu Zezinselelo Zezwe Nezobuhlanga Esifundweni Sesivinini. J Thromb Haemost. 2014; 12 (4): 564-70.