Ukuqonda i-interplay phakathi kwezinkinga nezimo ezifanayo
Uyini ukuhlobana phakathi kokunakekelwa-kokulahlekelwa kokugula kokugula (ADHD) nokulala? Izingane ezinezinkinga zokulala nokukhathazeka-ukungabi naso ukugula kwengqondo (ADHD) zingase zibe nezimpawu ezifanayo, njengokungalaleli, ukungaphezu kokusebenza nokuphumula. I-interplay phakathi kwalezi ziphazamiso ezimbili ze-ADHD nokukhathazeka kokulala kubalulekile futhi omunye angase ahlukunyezwe njengenye ngoba ngenxa yezinqwaba zezimpawu.
Ukuchaza i-ADHD
I-ADHD iyinkinga ye-neurodevelopmental echaphazela abantu abangaba ngu-5%, kokubili izingane nabantu abadala. Labo abathintekayo abanokuhlangenwe nakho okungafanelekile, ukungahloniphi, ukukhohlwa, ukulawulwa kokucindezeleka okungafanele noma ukungaziphathi kahle nokuphazamiseka. Ngayinye yalezi zindlela zingabonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kubandakanya:
- Ukulondoloza: amaphutha anganakeki , engabonakali ukulalela, ukukhathazeka ukugcina imisebenzi, hhayi ukulandela imiyalelo, ukukhathazeka ukuhlela, ukugwema ukuzama ukucabanga kwengqondo isikhathi eside, ukulahlekelwa izinto, ukuphazamiseka okulula noma ukukhohlwa
- Ukungaziphathi kahle-ukungabi nesimo sokuzikhukhumeza : ukugxila, ukuxosha, ukuvuka, ukugijima nxazonke, inkathazo ejabulela isikhathi sokuphumula sokuthula ngenxa yokuthi ngokuvamile "iyahamba" noma ikhuluma ngokweqile
- Ukungafanisi: ukuvala izimpendulo, ukukhathazeka ukulinda, ukuphazamisa noma ukungena
Ubuhlobo be-ADHD ekuhluphekeni kokulala
Kunezinkinga eziningi zokulala ezingathinta izingane. Izinkinga eziningi ezitholakala kubantu abadala zingase zenzeke ezinganeni, kufaka phakathi ukuleleka , ukuhlaselwa yi-bruxism , i- syndrome ye-limb movement movement , somniloquy , i- obnetive obstructive sleep apnea , somnambulism kanye nezidakamizwa ze-circadian disorders .
Izingane zivame ukubhekana nokuphazamiseka ebusuku kunabantu abadala.
Izingane ezine-ADHD zingalindelwa ukuthi ziphazamise ukulala. Kukhona ingxenye yokuziphatha yokulala, futhi ubunzima bomzali ngokuvamile buyokwelulela ekulaleni izingane ezine-ADHD. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nezimpawu zengqondo, njengokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka, okungaphazamisa ukulala.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa njalo izinga eliphezulu lokukhathazeka kokulala phakathi kwezingane ezine-ADHD.
Izinkinga zokulala zingase zihlobene ne-ADHD ngezindlela ezine:
- Izinkinga zokulala zihlobene ngokuqondile ne-ADHD
- Izinkinga zokulala zihlobene nenye ingxabano eyenzeka nge-ADHD, isibonelo, ukukhathazeka
- Izinkinga zokulala ziwumphumela wemithi evuselelayo
- Izinkinga zokulala azihlobene, ngokuvamile zivamile
Ngaphezu kwezingu-25% kuzo zonke izingane, hhayi nje labo abane-ADHD, bazoba nesifo sokulala ngesikhathi esithile. Lezi zimthelela ezinkulu futhi ezihlukahlukene emidlalweni yamandla, ukuphumelela kwesikole kanye nezinye izindaba zezempilo.
Izindwangu ezincane ezingenasiphelo
Izingane ezine-ADHD ziyokhala ngokuvamile ngezibonakaliso ezihambisana ne- periodic limb movement syndrome (i-PLMS), noma njengoba kuthiwa ngezinye izikhathi, i- restless syndrome ye-legend (RLS) . Lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa ukuzwa okungahambi kahle , njengezimbungulu ezikhahlela esikhumbeni, ezikhululekile ngokunyakaza. Lesi simo sibi nakusihlwa noma ebusuku ngesikhathi siphumule futhi kuhilela isifiso esingenakuvinjelwa sokuhamba. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi abantu abangu-24% kuya ku-26% abane-ADHD bane-RLS, uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula okungu-5% kuphela. Inombolo yokunyakaza okuphazamisayo ebusuku ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nezinga lokungabi namandla phakathi nosuku.
Ukunqoba, ukulala ne-Apnea nokukhubazeka
Izingane zingase zibe nobunzima bokuphefumula ebusuku, kusukela ekunciphiseni kancane kuze kube nokuphefumula okuphelele kokulala . Izimbangela zihlanganisa:
- amathani amancane kanye nama-adenoids
- okungajwayelekile
- ukukhuluphala
- isifo se-neuromuscular
- izifo
Futhi, izingane ezinalezi zinkinga zokulala azivame ukulala ngokweqile. Esikhundleni salokho, bayoba nokulala , ukujuluka, ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa kanye nobunzima bokufunda noma ukuziphatha. Ukukhubazeka kwendabuko kwenzeka ku-1/3 kwezingane ezine-ADHD uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawulwa okungu-10 kuphela kuphela.
Ubuhlobo phakathi kwenani lokuphazamiseka kokuphefumula kanye nokwehla kwamazinga e-oksijeni egazini kanye nokungabi naso okungazange kutholakale; Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olulodwa lubonisa ukuthi ama-81% okujwayele ukudubula izingane ezine-ADHD ingaba ne-ADHD yabo isuswe uma i-snoring iphathwa kahle.
Ingabe Izinkinga Zokulala Zivame Kakhulu Ku-ADHD?
Ingxenye eyodwa kuya kwengxenye yabazali abantwana babo abane-ADHD babika izinkinga zokulala ezinganeni zabo. Ekubukezeni izincwadi zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo, kunamathenda emininingwaneni ekhombisa ukuthi ezinye izifo zokulala zingase zivame kakhulu ku-ADHD. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezingane ezine-ADHD ezingelashwa ngemithi yezingane ngaphandle kwe-ADHD, kunezinkambiso ezimbalwa ezingaba yiqiniso:
- Ucwaningo oluningi alubonisi umehluko ngesikhathi sokulala okuphelele noma isikhathi esithathayo ukulala
- Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lubonisa ukukhuphuka kokunganaki nokunyakaza kwezitho ezithile ngezikhathi lapho ulala ebantwaneni abane-ADHD
- Iphesenti yesikhathi esichitha ngokunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo (REM) ukulala kungancipha ezinganeni ezine-ADHD
- Ukutholakala kwama- parasomnias , izinkinga zokuqothula kanye nokubheja kungase kwande ezinganeni ezine-ADHD
Indima yezikhuthazo
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi kadokotela, njengoRitalin (methylphenidate), ukuphatha i-ADHD kungase kwengeze elinye izinga lokuyinkimbinkimbi kule nkinga. Izivunguvungu zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-ADHD, kanye ne- narcolepsy nesifo esingapheliyo sokukhathala . Abazali bezingane eziphathwe ngokugqugquzela babone ukuthi kunezinkinga zokulala eziphakeme (29% kuya kwezingu-10%), futhi lokhu kuvame ukulala . Lezi zimpawu ziphawuleka ngokukhethekile lapho amanani aseduze kakhulu nokulala. Indlela le mithi ingathinta ngayo ezinye izici zokulala akuqondi kahle.
Ukubaluleka kokwelashwa
I-ADHD engabonakali ibangela ukukhubazeka okuphawulekayo ezindaweni ezizimele, ezokufundela nezokuqonda, kuhlanganise nezibalo ze-intelligence quotient (IQ) nezibalo zokuhlolwa eziphumelelayo ezingaphansi kwezilawuli. Kubalulekile ukuthi izingane ezithola ukungahloniphi, ukungabi nesisindo nokungabi nokuzikhethela zihlolwe i-ADHD futhi, uma kufanelekile, izifo zokulala.
Imithombo:
I-American Psychiatric Association. Incwadi Yokuhlola Nezibalo Zezinkinga Zengqondo (I-Fourth Edition, Umbhalo Wokubuyekeza) DSM-IV. 2000.
U-Andreou C, i-Karapetsas A, i-Agapitou P, i-Gourgoulianis K. "Ukuhlakanipha kokukhuluma kanye nokuphazamiseka kokulala ezinganeni ezine-ADHD." Ikhono Lokuqonda Nezithuthuthu . 2003; 96 (3) 1283-8.
I-Cabral P. "Ukukhathazeka kokukhathazeka: ingabe siyawuqeda isihlahla esingalungile?" I-European Journal ye-Neurology yezingane . 2006; 10 (2): 66-77.
I-Chervin RD, uDillon JE, iBassetti C, DA Ganoczy, uPituch KJ. "Izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokulala, ukungalindelekile, nokucwasa ezinganeni." Ukulala . 1997; 20 (12): 1185-92.
UChervin RD, u-Archbold KH. "Ukutholakala ngokweqile nokutholakala kwe-polysomnographic ezinganeni kuhlolwe ukuphefumula okuphazamisekile ukulala." Ukulala . 2001; 24 (3): 313-320.
I-Cohen-Zion M, i-Ancoli-Israel S. "Ukulala ezinganeni ngokukhathazeka-ukungabi nalutho ukukhathazeka kokugula (ADHD): ukubuyekezwa kwezifundo zokungenelela kwemvelo nokuvuselela." Ukubuyekezwa kwemithi yokulala . 2004; 8: 379-402.
Cortese S, Konofal E, Lecendreux M et al . "Isifo somlenze esingenasiphelo kanye nokukhathazeka kokukhathazeka / ukugula okubuhlungu: ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi." Ukulala . 2005; 28: 1007-1013.
UGarcia, J. noL. Wills. "Ukuphazamiseka kokulala ezinganeni nasencane." Imithi ye-Postgraduate. 2000; 107 (3): 161-178.
I-Gruber R, uSadeh A, uRaviv A. "Ukukhubazeka kwamaphethini okulala ezinganeni ezinenkinga yokunakekelwa / ukungahleleki kahle." Umagazini we-American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry . 2000; 39 (4): 495-501.
I-Picchietti DL, i-England SJ, i-Walters AS, i-Willis K, i-Verrico T. "Ukugula kwesigungu sezinyathelo ezihamba phambili kanye nezinkinga zemilenze ezingenakuphumula ezinganeni ezinenkinga yokunakekelwa kwengqondo." I-Journal ye-Neurology yezingane. 1998; 13 (12): 588-94.
Bhala A, Stein D, Barak Y, Teicher A, Hadjez J, Elizur A, Weizman A. "Ukuphazamiseka kokulala ebantwaneni abanenkinga yokukhathalela / ukungabi nabuthakathaka: isifundo sokuqhathaniswa nabantwana bakithi abanempilo." Umagazini Wokukhubazeka Ukufunda. 1998; 31 (6): 572-8.
Stein MA. "Ukuqeda izinkinga zokulala ezinganeni ezingaphathwa futhi ezingaphathwa nge-ADHD." J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2001; 9 (3): 157-68.
Thiedke, CC "Izinkinga zokulala nezinkinga zokulala ebuntwaneni." AAFP . 2001; 63 (2): 277-284.
"ADHD, Sleep and Disorders Sleep." Izingane Nabantu abadala abanenkinga yokukhathazeka-Ukulahleka / Ukuzikhukhumeza (CHADD), 2016.
U-Arnold, LE, Hodgkins, P., et al. Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside I-ADHD: Ukuphumelela Kwezemfundo Nokusebenza. " I-Journal of Disorders Care, January 12, 2015.