Ukulala ngokweqile Kungenzeka Kungenxa Yezimo Neurologic
Ukuhlukumeza ngokweqile kungenye yezinto ezingaqondakali kangako ngezifo zokulala. Kungabangela ukuvimbela kakhulu izimpawu, kusukela ekuhlaselweni okungazelelwe kokulala ebuthakathakeni obubizwa ngokuthi i-cataplexy eholela ukuqedela ukuwa.
Nakuba kungavamile, yini i-narcolepsy? Ukwandisa ukuqonda kwakho kokuhlukunyezwa ngokuhlola izimpawu, izimbangela, ukuxilongwa, kanye nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo.
Izimpawu Nezici ze-Narcolepsy
Ukuhlukumeza ngokweqile kuyisimo se-neurologic esibangela ukulala ngokweqile kwansuku zonke nezinye izimpawu ngenxa yokuhluleka ukulawula isimo sokulala nokuvuka. Lokhu kwehluleka kuholela ekushintsheni okusheshayo kusuka kwesinye isimo kuya kwesinye. Lokhu kungaholela ekubuthakathaka okungazelelwe lapho kuyivukile (ebizwa ngokuthi i- cataplexy ) noma ngisho nokukhubazeka okuphelele, njengoba ngokuvamile kuvame ukuvimbela umuntu ukuba enze amaphupho akhe. Ngeshwa, uma lokhu kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezingafanele kungabangela ukulimala.
Ukwengeza, abantu abanezinkinga eziphuthumayo bangase babe namahloni amakhulu lapho beguqula ukulala (okuthiwa i-hypnagogic hallucinations) njengoba ubuchopho buveza amaphupho ngenkathi i-narcoleptic ihlala isiphapheme.
Nakuba umuntu oyedwa kuphela kubantu abathathu abanezinkinga ze-narcolepsy uyoba nezimpawu ezine, lezi zici ezine ezichaza ziyizici zesifo. I-cataplexy ayaziwa ukuthi yenzeke kunoma iyiphi enye ingxabano, ngakho ukutholakala kwayo kuyasiza kakhulu ekuboneni izidakamizwa njengesizathu sezinye izimpawu.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-Narcolepsy
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwaqala ukuchazwa udokotela waseFrance uJean Gelineau ngo-1880. Manje kucatshangwa ukuthi kuthinta abantu abangu-1 kwabangu-2 000. Izimpawu ze-narcolepsy zivame ukuqala eminyakeni eyishumi nambili noma ekuqaleni kwalokho, kepha kungase kungabonakali okokuqala ezinganeni noma ngisho nasebekhulile. Lithinta amadoda njengokuvamile njengabesifazane.
Kungenzeka kube nokuhlukahluka kobuzwe, njengoba kungavamile phakathi kwamaJuda ase-Israyeli (anesisindo samaphesenti angu-0.002 kuphela) futhi kwenzeka kaningi phakathi kwamaJapane (enesilinganiso samaphesenti angu-0.15). Ukutadisha kwabantu abangu-18 000 emazweni amahlanu aseYurophu bathola ukusabalala okulinganiselwa kwamaphesenti angu-0.047.
Kungase kube nesakhi sezofuzo kulesi sifo njengoba i-narcolepsy ingavame ukutholakala phakathi kwezihlobo zabantu abane-disorder. Noma kunjalo, imvelo ibonakala inendima ebaluleke kakhulu (amaphesenti angu-25 kuphela amawele afanayo azoba nesifo).
Izimbangela Zokuhlukumezeka
Ukuhlukunyezwa kubonakala sengathi kwenzeka ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yi-hypocretin yamakhemikhali endaweni yengqondo ebizwa nge- hypothalamus . Amaseli ayisisindo (noma ama-neurons) ebuchosheni athembele kule chimila alawula ukulala nokuqapha. I-hypocretin kucatshangwa ukuthi iphakamisa ukuvuka futhi ihlale ithinta ithoni evamile, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwayo kuyoholela ekubuthakathaka okungazelelwe okubonwe ku-cataplexy.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela omzimba, esivame ukubhekana nokulwa nokutheleleka, singase siphenduke ne-neurons ene-hypocretin. Ezingqungqutheleni, ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi amaphesenti angama-85 kuya kwangu-95 alawa neurons alahlekile.
Lapho lawa maseli ewonakele, kunezindlela eziguquguqukayo ezingavamile, phakathi kokulala nokuvuka.
Ukuhlukumezeka kungase kubangelwe nezilonda ezingavamile ngaphakathi kobuchopho obangelwa ngenxa yezihlungu, ukushaywa noma ezinye iziqalekiso.
Ukuxilongwa Nokunakekelwa Kwe-Narcolepsy
Uma ukholelwa ukuthi ungase uhlaselwe yizidakamizwa, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho kanye nochwepheshe wokulala. Ngemuva kokuhlola ngokucophelela nokuhlolwa, kungase kudingeke ukuba uthole ezinye izivivinyo ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa kwezidakamizwa . Ngokuvamile, lezi zivivinyo zizofaka ucwaningo lokulala ebusuku olubizwa ngokuthi i- polysomnogram kanye nesifundo ngosuku olulandelayo olubizwa ngokuthi i- multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nokuhlolwa kwelabhoratri (kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kofuzo). Uma izifundo zakho zokulala zingalungile kepha kusengaba khona ukusola okuqinile kwe-narcolepsy, kungase kubalulekile ukuhlola uketshezi lwakho lwe-cerebrospinal lwamakhemikhali orexin (noma i-hypocretin).
Ayikho imithi yokwelapha, kodwa ukwelashwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni ezinye zezimpawu. Ukulala ngokweqile kwansuku zonke kunganciphisa izikhuthazo ezifana noRitalin , Provigil noNuvigil . Imithi ebizwa nge- Xyrem (i-oxybate sodium) ingaphatha kahle ukulala kanye ne-cataplexy.
Uma unezinambuzane eziphuthumayo, kungcono ukubukeza izinketho zokwelashwa nodokotela wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithi efanelekile ikhethwe ukuphatha izimpawu zakho ezithile.
Imithombo
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Ohayon, MM, et al. "Ukuqhathaniswa kwesifo se-narcolepsy nesifo sokuxilongwa kubantu abaningi baseYurophu." I-Neurology 2002; 58: 1826.
Okun, ML, et al. "Izici zokwelashwa ezihlukumezayo-zihlanganisa zonke izizwe." Ukulala ngo- 2002; 25: 27.
UTropy, MJ "Ukuhlukumezeka." Ukuqhubeka kwe-Learning Lifelong Neurol 2007; 13 (3): 101-114.