Uhlobo lwe-Progesin kuPhilisi lokuLawula ukuzalwa

Imiphumela ye-Hormonal ihluke ngama-progestin

Zonke izinhlanganisela zokulawula ukuzalwa ziqukethe i-estrogen (ngokuvamile i- ethinyl estradiol ) nenye yezinhlobo ezingu-8 ze-progestin. I-term progesin isetshenziselwa noma iyiphi into engokwemvelo noma eyenziwe ngumuntu enezakhiwo ezifana neprogesterone yemvelo. Ama-progestin ahlukaniswe ngesizukulwane, okubonisa kuphela lapho beziswa emakethe hhayi umahluko emakhiweni abo amakhemikhali noma ukuthi benza kanjani.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi i-progestin ingahlukaniswa kanjani, kuyasiza ukucacisa izinhlobo zemiphumela i-progestin engase ibe nayo emzimbeni wesifazane :

• Imiphumela ye-Progestational isiza ukuvimbela ukuvunguza nokuncipha ukuphuma esikhathini.
• Imiphumela ye-Androgenic ibhekwa njengemiphumela emibi engadingeki njenge-acne nokukhula komzimba.
• Imiphumela ye-Estrogenic incike ikakhulukazi emtheni we-ethinyl estradiol emaphilisi. Le miphumela isiza ukubhekana nomphumela we-androgenic.

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Norethindrone

I-Norethindrone iyi-progestin yesizukulwane sokuqala etholakalayo ekufomeni kwe- monophasic, biphasic kanye ne-triphasic . Unomsebenzi ophansi we-progestational nomncane we-estrogenic. Kuvame ukuba ne-androgenic encane kune-progestins yesizukulwane sesibili (i-levonorgestrel ne-norgestrel), kodwa futhi i-androgenic ngaphezulu kune-progestin entsha, njenge-desogestrel. Ngezilinganiso eziphansi (noma iyiphi iphilisi equkethe ngaphansi kwe-50 mcg ye-ethinyl estradiol), le progesin ithuthukisa amaphrofayili we-lipid ngokukhulisa i-HDL nokunciphisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL.

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I-Norethindrone Acetate

I-Norethindrone acetate yi-progestin yemisebenzi ephansi ye-progestational kanye nemiphumela encane ye-estrogenic. Kuyinto progestin yesizukulwane sokuqala. Kuvame ukuba i-androgenic encane kune-progestins yesizukulwane sesibili, kodwa futhi i-androgenic ngaphezulu kune-progestin entsha, njenge-desogestrel. Umkhiqizo u-Estrostep wenzelwe ukulingisa ngokulinganayo umjikelezo wemvelo wesifazane ngokuya esikhathini esizayo ngokuhlinzeka ngamazinga akhula we-estrogen nge-progestin dose njalo. Kuyinto brand kuphela triphasic nale progestin. Lo mkhiqizo ungabasiza abesifazane abahlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ehlobene ne-estrogen efana ne-nausea, i- migraines , noma ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngamanye amahlanganisi ephilisi.

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I-Ethynodiol Diacetate

I-Ethynodiol diacetate iyi-progestin yenzalo yokuqala ye-progesational medium. Unemiphumela encane ye-estrogenic nomsebenzi omncane we-androgenic. I-ethynodiol diacetate yi-norethindrone, ngakho-ke iguqulelwa kalula ku-norethindrone ngaphakathi komzimba. Amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha aqukethe i-ethynodiol diacetate avame ukuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kokuqala noma okuphakathi komjikelezo wokuphuma kwegazi nokubonakala uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaphilisi okuhlanganiswa. Kodwa-ke, ama-estrogen aphezulu angaphazamisa amathuba okuphuma kwegazi , ngakho-ke ama-pilisi brand aqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-estrogen anganciphisa lo mphumela ohlangothini.

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Levonorgestrel

I-Levonorgestrel iyi-progestin yesizukulwane sesibili futhi yiyona progestin yokuhlinzeka ngokweqile kunazo zonke emhlabeni wonke. Inemiphumela ephezulu ye-progestational ne-androgenic. I-Levonorgestrel ithinta kabi i-serum lipoproteins. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-estrogen brand ezisezingeni eliphansi eziqukethe le progestin ezitholakalayo. Ukulawulwa kwe-Levonorgestrel kubuye kube yi-FDA evunyelwe ukukhulelwa okuphuthumayo (njenge- Plan B One Step and Next Choice ). I-FDA ithe konke amaphilisi okuhlanganiswa nalesi progesin aphephile futhi aphumelele ekukhuleni kokuphuthumayo ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-Yuzpe. I-FDA iphinde ivume imikhiqizo emithathu yepilisi ephakanyisiwe esebenzisa le progesin-Seasonale, Seasonique , neLybrel .

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I-Norgestrel

I-Norgestrel (i-progestin yesizukulwane sesibili) ingxube ye-isomer-dextro-norgestrel engasebenzi futhi esebenzayo (engasebenzi) ne-levonorgestrel (ephilayo ngokusebenzayo). I-Norgestrel inemiphumela ephezulu ye-progestational futhi eqinile ye-antiestrogen ngenkathi iphinde iphezulu emisebenzini ye-androgenic.

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Desogestrel

I-Desogestrel iyi-progestin yesizukulwane sesithathu ngokukhetha okuphezulu kwe-progestational, ukunciphisa imiphumela ye-androgenic nomsebenzi we-estrogenic. Kubonisa umthelela omubi ophansi kumetabolism, inzuzo yesisindo, induna, neminye imiphumela emibi efana nama-progestin asebekhulile. Kubonisa imiphumela emihle kuma-lipoprotein njengoba kubonakala ukunyuka okuncane kwe-HDL cholesterol. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo zibonisa ingozi ephezulu ye- thrombosis engenayo ebulalayo enepilisi ye-desogestrel ngokumelene nalabo abane-levonorgestrel. I-Mircette (ipilisi ephansi ye-estrogen / desogestrel) inikeza isikhashana esincane se-placebo, okungase kube usizo kwabesifazane abane-migraines, i- dysmenorrhea , noma ezinye izinto ezimbi phakathi nalelo sonto. I-estrogen ephansi / ehlukile yephilisi ye-desogestrel yesithathu, i-Cyclessa, iyatholakala.

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I-Norgestimate

I-Norgestimate, i-progestin yesizukulwane sesithathu, inomsebenzi ophezulu we-progestational ngenkathi ibonisa imiphumela encane ye-estrogenic futhi ijwayele ukuba ibe ne-androgenic encane. Ibuye ibe nethonya elincane kwi-serum lipoproteins kanye ne-carbohydrate metabolism. Imiphumela ephansi ye-androgenic ye-norgestimate ibangele ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-acne. Eqinisweni, amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha aqukethe ukuthi yiwo kuphela ama-FDA avunyelwe ukusiza ukunciphisa induna. I-Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo iwuphawu oluhlinzeka nge-norrogen ne-mid-level level ye-estrogen. Ngakho le pilisi ingasiza ekunciphiseni imiphumela emibi njengezinambuzane kanye nokuhlanza ngenkathi kungabangeli ukukhula kwesikhumba (okuvame ukuhambisana namaphilisi aphansi-estrogen).

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I-Drospirenone

I-Drospirenone yiyona kuphela i-progestin etholakala ku-17a-spirolactoneis. Kuyasiza ukucindezela ukufihla kwama-hormone okulawula amanzi omzimba kanye ne-electrolytes. Ibuye ibe nomsebenzi ophansi we-androgenic. I-Drospirenone ne-estrogen kubonakala sengathi yehlisa izimpawu ezihambisana ne-PMS emnene (ukunyuka kwenyango, imizwa engafanele, nokugcinwa kwamanzi). I-drospirenone ingabangela amazinga aphezulu e-potassium, ngakho abesifazane abanezinso, isibindi, noma izifo ze-adrenal akufanele balisebenzise. Imikhiqizo YAZ noBeyaz inezinsuku ezingu-24 zamaphilisi asebenzayo nezinsuku ezine zamaphilisi e-placebo. Le nhlanganisela ingabangela ukushintsha kwe-hormone encane kunamaphakheji ejwayelekile yamapilisi. I-YAZ iphinde yavunyelwa i-FDA ukusiza ukuphatha isifo sokucindezeleka ngaphambi komzimba kanye nokwelapha izinyathelo ezilinganayo kubantu besifazane abaneminyaka engama-14 nangaphezulu.

> Umthombo:

> I-Progestin (Umzila womlomo, umzila weParenteral, umzila wamaVaginal). Ilabhulali Kazwelonke Yezokwelapha yase-US. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0011857/?report=details.