Zonke izinhlanganisela zokulawula ukuzalwa ziqukethe i-estrogen (ngokuvamile i- ethinyl estradiol ) ne-progestin. I-term progesin isetshenziselwa noma iyiphi into engokwemvelo noma eyenziwe ngumuntu enezakhiwo ezifana neprogesterone yemvelo. Ngokuphambene ne-estrogen, kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-progestin ezitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomlomo wokukhulelwa. Izinhlobo ze-progestin ezindala zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isizukulwane sokuqala nesesibili ngenkathi abasha bebizwa ngokuthi isizukulwane sesithathu (nesine).
Ama-Progestin Amanani:
Ukuqhathanisa i-estrogen kuyinto elula kakhulu ngoba yonke inhlanganisela yokulawula amaphilisi yokubeletha isebenzisa uhlobo olufanayo lwe-estrogen; lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuqhathanisa i-dosages ngokumane nje. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngoba amaphilisi asebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-progestin (ngayinye enamandla ahlukile), kunzima kakhulu ukuqhathanisa amazinga we-progestin kuwo wonke amaphilisi. Inani le-progestin elitholakalayo emaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha alincane kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile libhekiswe ezinlimeni (mg). Lokho kusho ukuthi ngisho noma ama-brand amabili anesilinganiso esifanayo se-progestin, angase abe nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-progestin, ngakho-ke i-potency ingahluka kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ze-Progestin:
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-progestins , futhi ngamunye unephrofayela ehlukile ngokwe-progestational, estrogenic, nomsebenzi we- androgenic kanye / noma imiphumela. Umphumela wale miphumela uxhomeke ekuhlanganiseni uhlobo kanye nezinga le-progestin nezinga le-estrogen.
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-hormone atholakala kuhlobo oluthile lwephilisi ahlukile, futhi ngoba wonke owesifazane wesifazane uphendula ngokuhlukile ephileni, lezi ziqondiso ezijwayelekile angeke zisebenze kubo bonke abesifazane. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi i-progestin ingahle ihlukaniswe kanjani, kuyasiza ukucacisa ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela i-progestin engayithola emzimbeni wesifazane.
- Imiphumela ye-Progestational: Imiphumela ye- Progestational ibhekisela endleleni i-progesin eyenza ngayo ama-progesterone receptors (ngaleyo ndlela esiza ukuvimbela ukuvunguza nokunciphisa ukuphuma esikhathini). Igama elifanayo lingu-progestational selectivity, okuyizinga lapho imiphumela ye-progestational ikhuliswa khona futhi imiphumela ye-androgenic isinciphisa. Ngokuvamile, umgomo wephilisi lokulawula ukuzalwa ukufeza izinga eliphakeme lokukhetha kwe-progestational.
- Imiphumela ye-Androgenic: Imiphumela ye- Androgenic ibhekisela ekungenzeka ukuthi i-progestin ingabangela imiphumela emibi engathandeki. Ama-progestin anomsebenzi ophezulu we-androgenic angandisa amathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi ehlobene ne-androgen ebandakanya ikakhulukazi i- acne ne- hirsutism (ukukhula kwezinwele ezingadingeki zesifazane).
Futhi, i-progestins ene-androgenic encane ayinalo ithonya elincane emzimbeni we-carbohydrate, okuyindlela umzimba odiliza ngayo futhi owenza ushukela olula ube yizinyunithi ezincane ezingasetshenziswa ngomzimba amandla. - Imiphumela ye-Estrogenic: Umsebenzi we-Estrogenic uhlobene ne-ethinyl estradiol, uhlobo lwe-estrogen etholakala ezithombeni zokulawula ukubeletha. Inombolo ephakeme ye-micrograms ye-ethinyl estradiol iholela emiphumeleni enamandla kakhulu ye-estrogenic. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi we-estrogenic kusiza ukunciphisa imiphumela yecala ehlobene ne-androgen. Kodwa-ke, ama-progestin athambekele ekunciphiseni ezinye ze-estrogenic imiphumela ye-ethinyl estradiol.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamaProgestin:
Amaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa ahlanganisa i-estrogen ne-progestin eyodwa. Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zama-progestin. Iningi lala ma-progesin zokwenziwa ngamakhemikhali amakhemikhali e-testosterone (aziwa ngokuthi ama-nortestosterone angu-19).
Amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha atholakala ngaphansi kwe-19-nortestosterone ingahle ahlukaniswe ibe yimindeni emibili: i-estrane ne-gonane.
- Umndeni wakwa-estrane (ngokuvamile, i-progestin yesizukulwane sokuqala) iqukethe i-norethindrone namanye ama-progestins ahambisana norethindrone. Lokhu kuhlanganisa norethindrone acetate ne-ethynodiol diacetate.
- Umndeni wakwaGonane : Lesi sigaba sisehlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili:
I-progestins yesizukulwane sesibili, enezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-androgenic kanye ne-estrogenic. Lezi zihlanganisa i-levonorgestrel ne-norgestrel.
Ama-gonanes amasha, noma ama-progestin wesizukulwane sesithathu; lezi zibikwa ukuthi zinemiphumela encane futhi i-androgenic futhi ifaka i-desogestrel futhi ayifuni.
- I-Drospirenone , i-progestin yokugcina, iyisizukulwane esisha (4th). I-Drospirenone iyi-progestin eyingqayizivele ngoba ihluke kwabanye ngoba itholakala ku-17a-spirolactone, hhayi kusukela ku-19-nortestosterone.
Ngokuvamile lesi sizukulwane sesithathu (nesine) siba nesakhelo esikhulu futhi sinempahla encane e-androgenic. Lokhu kufaka phakathi okungajwayelekile, i-desogestrel, ne-drospirenone. Kube nobufakazi obufakazela ukuthi i-progestins yesizukulwane sesithathu ingathatha ingozi ephezulu yezindwangu zegazi .