Ukukhishwa kwezinyosi zekhanda kuyinkinga evamile. Izinambuzane ezincane ezinama-parasitic zivame ukutholakala ngemuva kwezindlebe futhi zifakwe entanyeni ngemuva kwentamo. Naphezu kokukhathazeka, i-infestation ayiyona ingozi yempilo futhi izinyosi azikho ukubhebhetheka kwesifo. Ukwelashwa okungekho ngaphezu kwamakhompiyutha kanye nokuzihlanganisa ngokuzikhandla ukususa izinyosi namaqanda ngokuvamile kuvame ukusebenza.
Kukhona izigidi ezingu-6 kuya kwezigidi ezingu-12 zezimo zezinhloko zekhanda e-United States njalo ngonyaka, futhi ziningi ezinganeni kunabantu abadala.
Izimpawu
Ukubona i-lice yekhanda yisifo esiyinhloko. Uma ubona okubukeka njengezinhlamvu ezincane zelayisi ezihamba ngezinwele, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona ukungena kwezinyosi. Ungase ubone amaqanda ezinyosi, okuthiwa ama-nits, ngezinwele zezinwele.
Uma unezinyosi zekhanda, ungase uzizwe unesizwa sokuthi okuthile okuhamba ngezinwele zakho. I-lice iyasebenza kakhulu emva kokunyama futhi lokhu kungabangela ubunzima bokulala. Ukusikwa kwe-Scalp kuvela ngenxa yokuphendula okwenziwe okwehliswayo emathangeni omngane. Lokhu kuthatha isikhathi kuthatha isikhathi sokuqala umuntu enesilonda, ngakho-ke ungaba nezinyathelo zamaviki amane kuya kweyisithupha ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuzizwa uthakazelisayo. Lokhu kuzofika maduzane ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa okulandelayo, njengoba usuvele wakhuthazwa.
Ukukhipha kungabangela ukutheleleka kwesikhumba sesibili kanye nezilonda ezibomvu noma ze- pustular esikhwameni.
Ukuvuvukala kwe- lymph nodes ngaphambili nangemuva kwentanyeni kungathuthuka ngenxa yokusabela okwenziwe okwehliswayo emthini wokumisa.
Izimbangela
Inhloko yezinyosi, i- Pediculus humanus capitis, ivame ukusabalalisa ngokuxhumana ngokuqondile nekhanda noma izinwele zomuntu ophelile. I-lice ayikwazi ukuhamba noma ukugxuma, iyakhweba kuphela, ngakho lena yindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokusabalalisa.
Izingane ezikoleni zasenkulisa nasezinsukwini zokugcina izingane, kanye nezingane ezifunda esikoleni kanye nemindeni yazo, zisengozini enkulu.
Ukusakazeka kwezinyosi kusuka ezintweni kunokwenzeka kodwa akuvamile. Izinto zingabandakanya izinwele zokunakekelwa kwezinwele ezinjengama-combs nama-brushes, izingubo ezifana nezigqoko, nezinto ezifana nemilenze nezilwane ezigxotshiwe ezihlangana nezinwele.
Izintuthwane zezinyosi zekhanda azivamile kakhulu kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika, mhlawumbe ngoba umsizi uthanda izinwele ezithile zobunjwa nobubanzi. Kodwa izinyathelo zitholakala ezincane, ezide, ezikhazimulayo, noma izinwele eziqondile zomuntu ngamunye.
Abantu abaningi bakhathazeka ukuthi bazobekwa inhlamba uma bethola i-head lice. Kodwa-ke, ukusakazeka kwezinyosi zekhanda akuhlangene nokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu noma ukuhlanzeka kwekhaya lakho. Ama-lice atholakala kuwo wonke amazwe kuwo wonke amaqembu ezomphakathi.
Ukuxilongwa
I-infestation yezinyosi zekhanda itholakala ngokubona izinyosi ekhanda lomuntu. Izinyosi zingaba yingxenye yomjikelezo wokuphila-abadala, ama-nymphs, noma amaqanda (amaqanda). Ungabheka ekhaya ngekhekhe lezinyosi kanye ne-lens yokukhulisa. Uma ungaqiniseki, udokotela angabheka izinyathelo. Uma kukhonjiswe icala lezinyosi zekhanda, wonke amalungu omndeni kufanele ahlolwe.
Ukuthola izintambo ngaphakathi kwe-intshi engamakhilomitha engama-1 ukusuka kwesikhumba se-scalp kuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa okudinga ukwelashwa, kuyilapho izintambo ezingaphezulu kwe-scalp zingabonakali ukuthi kuhlaselwa okusebenzayo.
Amantongomane angahlukaniswa nemifula eminyene njengoba ehambisana kakhulu ne-shaft yezinwele, kuyilapho ama-dandruff angasuswa kalula noma ahlukane ne-shaft yezinwele.
Ukwelapha
Umzila wokuqala wokuphathwa kwezinyosi zekhanda yi-over-the-counter (i-OTC) anti-lice shampoo. Imikhiqizo evame kakhulu yi-Nix (permethrin) ne-Rid (pyrethrins plus piperonly butoxide). Babulala i-lice elidala kanye nama-nymphs. Ngenxa yokuthi azibhubhisi lezi zinhlanzi, kufanele zisetshenziswe ngemva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-10 lapho izinhlanzi ziqeda.
Ukwelashwa kwe-OTC kuhlanganiswa ne-wet-combing ne-well-toothed ikhekhe lezinyosi ukususa izinyosi namantongomane. Le ndlela ingenziwa yodwa ngaphandle kokunye ukwelashwa, kodwa lokho kudinga ukukhuthala okwengeziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izintuthwane nezitshalo zisusiwe.
Uma izinyosi zingavumelani emva kokwelashwa kokuqala kwe-OTC, udokotela angase anikeze imithi yokwelapha ehlanganisa i-Ovide (malathion), i-Ulesfia (i-benzyl utshwala 5 amaphesenti), i-Natroba (spinosad), noma i-Sklice (ivermectin). Kukhona nemithi emibili yomlomo engahle ibekiwe, kodwa ayivunyelwanga yi-FDA ngaleyo njongo futhi ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuphelile-ilebula.
Amakhemikhali avamile emakhaya ahlanganisa ukugcoba izinyosi ngokugqoka izinwele nezikhumba nge-agent ebonakalayo njengamafutha omnqumo, i-petroleum jelly, noma imayonnaise, bese ishiya ubusuku bonke. Noma kunjalo, kungase kube ukuhlanza ngokucophelela okudingekayo uma usebenzisa lezi zithunywa ezibolekisa noma yikuphi ukusebenza. Izixazululo ezifana noviniga okuthiwa zikhulula izitshalo azibonwanga ukuthi ziyasebenza kanti ezinye zingabangela ukulimala kwezinwele, isikhumba noma ukucasuka kweso, noma ezinye izingozi.
Amafutha ahlukahlukene kanye nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ayatholakala, kanti amanye amafutha etiyi (melaleuca) kanye nama-olivande we-lavender kanye nembewu ye-neem ekhishwe yizifundo ezibonisa ukuthi zingasebenza. I-American Academy of Pediatrics iyaxwayisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-herbal akufanele isetshenziselwe izinsana nezingane.
Zonke izinto zokunakekelwa kwezinwele, izigqoko, nokulala komuntu ophethwe kufanele zihlanzwe ngokusulwa noma ukuhlanza. Asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa ama-spray noma fumani ekhaya lakho.
Ukubhekana
Kungabangela ukucindezeleka ukuthola izinyosi nokubhekana nezinkinga zayo ezingokomzwelo, ezenhlalakahle nezomzimba . Thatha izinyathelo zokubhekana nokukhathazeka kwakho nokuqinisekisa ingane yakho ukuthi lokhu akusho ukuthi wenze okuthile okungalungile. Ungathatha isinyathelo esifanele sokwenza ukwelashwa nokuzihlanganisa njengokungabangela ukucindezeleka (ngisho nokuphumula) ngangokunokwenzeka.
Uma ingane yakho ihlaselwe, ukuxhumana nesikole nabanye abazali kuyadingeka ukusiza ukususa ukusabalala kwezinyosi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu oveziwe uhlolwe. Lapho wabelana ngezindaba, yazi ukuthi ungase ugijime kubantu abahamba ngaphansi kwezinganekwane nokungaqondi kahle ngezinyosi. Qinisekisa ukuzifundisa ukuze ukwazi ukuxhumana nabanye ulwazi olunembile.
Kungase kudingeke ulungiselele ukunakekelwa kwengane yakho uma isikole somntanakho noma ukunakekelwa kwesikhashana kunenqubomgomo "ye-no-nit". I-American Academy of Pediatrics nezinye iziphathimandla zeluleka ukuthi izingane zingabuyela esikoleni ngokushesha nje lapho ziqala ukwelashwa, kodwa ezinye izifunda nezinhlelo namanje zigcina inqubomgomo eqinile.
> Imithombo:
> Abdel-Ghaffar F, Al-Quraishy S, Al-Rasheid KA, Mehlhorn H. Ukusebenza kokwelashwa okulodwa kweNhloko yekhanda neNzalo yeNew Extract: KuVivo naseVitro Study on Stages Nits and Motile. I-Parasitol Res. 2011 Jun 11.
> Barker SC, i-Altman PM. I-Randomised, Assessor Blind, i-Parallel Group Ukuqhathanisa Ukuqhathaniswa Kwemikhiqizo Emithathu Yokwelapha Kwekhanda Eliyinhloko Ezinganeni - I-Melaleuca Amafutha ne-Lavender Oil, ama-Pyrethrins no-Piperonyl Butoxide, nomkhiqizo othi "Ukuhlupheka". BMC Dermatol. 2010 Aug 20; 10: 6.
> Devore CD, Schutze GE. Head Lice. Izingane zokwelapha . 2015; 135 (5). i-doi: 10.1542 / ama-peds.2015-0746.
> Inhloko yekhanda. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head/index.html.
> Meister L, Ochsendorf F. Inhloko Yenhloko: Epidemiology, Biology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. I-Deutsches Ärzteblatt International . 2016; 113 (45): 763-772. doi: 10.3238 / arztebl.2016.0763.