Kungabangela ukukhathazeka ukuthola ikhanda lekhanda, kodwa ungalandela izinyathelo ezilula ukuphatha kahle izinyathelo ekhaya. Ukunciphisa okuningi kungasuswa nge-shampoos yokulwa ne-anti-lice kanye nokuxubha okumanzi ukuhlola izinyosi nokususa ama-nits (amaqanda ama-lice). Imithi ethile yemithi itholakalayo iyatholakala kumacala aphikisanayo. Uma ufuna ukugwema ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali, ukuzikhandla okumanzi okumanzi nokukhethwa kwe-nit kuyindlela yokwelapha yonke.
Kungcono ukugwema ezinye izikhambi zasemakhaya kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingavunyelwe noma, mhlawumbe, ngisho eziyingozi.
Imithi yokwelapha ngaphezulu
Ukwelashwa kwemigqa yokuqala yezinyosi zekhanda kusetshenziswa i-anti-lice shampoo, efana no-Nix noma i-Rid, ongayithenga kudokotela wezidakamizwa noma ku-intanethi. Lezi zibizwa nge-pediculicides. Bayawubulala umlenze omdala ngokuqondile, kodwa ababulali amantongomane.
Amantongomane aqhathaniswa ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-10 futhi athuthuke abe ngabantu abadala bamaqanda kwezinye izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-10. Njengoba kunikezwe lokhu, kuvame ukuthi uphinde uphathe nge-anti-lice shampoo izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-10 emva kwesicelo sokuqala ukubulala noma iyiphi i-head lice esanda kukhishwa futhi uphule umjikelezo wokuphila kwezinyosi . Ochwepheshe abaningi bancoma ukwenza ukwelapha kwekhanda lwesibili ngosuku lwesishiyagalolunye.
Nazi imininingwane eyengeziwe kwizinketho ezithandwa kakhulu ze-OTC:
- I-Nix (permethrin): Leli phesenti elilodwa le-permethrin lotion yilokukhetha kokuqala ukwelashwa. Kuyinto encane kakhulu engozini kubantu futhi ingaphansi kwe-allergenic kune-Rid. Ishiya izinsalela ezinwele okufanele zibulale ama-nymphs awashiya kunoma yikuphi amaqanda asebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-shampoo yakho kanye nesimo se-conditioner yakho ingakwazi ukugcina i-Nix ngokunamathela ku-shaft yezinwele, isicelo sesibili ngosuku lwesishiyagalolunye siyadingeka. I-Permethrin inobuthi kuhlelo lwe-neuro lezinyosi. Ezinye izinyosi ziye zaqala ukumelana ne-permethrin.
- Hamba (pyrethrins plus piperonyl butoxide): Hlaba impova eyenziwe nge-chrysanthemum okukhiphayo eyingozi kulokhu kodwa isifo esibi kakhulu kubantu nakweminye imfuyo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukusabela okungajwayelekile okubangelwa abantu abazwela embali. Ngokungafani ne-Nix, ayihlali ezinwele, ngakho-ke kudingekile isicelo sesibili. Ukusebenza kwalo mkhiqizo kuye kwehla njengoba ukumelana kukhula.
I-LiceMD Pesticide Free ingenye uhlobo lwe-OTC anti-lice shampoo. Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-agent esebenzayo, isebenzisa i-dimethicone, ifomu elingenayo i-toxic of amafutha angamakhemikhali angamakhemikhali asebenza ngokuvala ama-spiracle aphefumulayo wezinyosi nokuwashaya. Inzuzo yalokhu ukwelashwa yukuthi izinwele zishintsha, ngakho-ke kulula ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinyosi ngezinwele ezinde noma ezikhazimulayo. Qaphela: I-Dimethicone iqhutshelwa uphenyo futhi ihlolwe; kukhona ukukhathazeka ukuthi eminye imikhiqizo equkethe yona iyashisa futhi kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha.
Ikhekhe lezinyosi elihle lihlanganisiwe nazo zonke lezi mikhiqizo, ozisebenzisayo ukususa izitshalo. Uzoqhubeka nokususa izitshalo ngemuva kokusebenza kokwelashwa, noma ngabe kufanele uhlole ubusuku obulodwa ngesonto noma ngaphezulu uze uzuze konke. Ama-nits aqinile futhi amaminithi athile ahlukaniswe eduze, okuvame ukwenziwa ngensimbi, angawaqothula izinwele. (Okunye okuphathelene nokuhlaselwa ngezansi.)
Akufanele usebenzise i-shampoo yenja. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ingaqukatha ezinye izithako ezisebenzayo njengamanye ama-anti-lice shampoos, kodwa imfucuza yezinja ayenzelwe, futhi ayihlolwanga kubantu. Ayikho indlela yokwazi ukuthi iphephile noma isebenza.
Izifo zasekhaya
Ngenkathi ukuhlanganiswa kuyincenye ephakanyisiwe yokwelashwa kwe-anti-lice shampoo, futhi kuyindlela ewusizo yokulungisa ekhaya.
Ukuhlanza yisinye isinyathelo esibalulekile esingakuqapheli. Ezinye izikhambi zasemakhaya azibonakalwanga ukuthi ziyasebenza.
Ukuqhafaza nokukhipha i-Nit
Ungasusa ama-nits uphinde uphile i-lice ngekhekhe lezinyosi kanye namaqhwa. Lokhu kuyincenye eyinconywa yenkambo yezokwelapha ze-OTC kodwa futhi iyasiza njengenye indlela kulabo abanesithakazelo ezindleleni zemvelo. Lena yindlela ekhuthazwe yi-National Pediculosis Association.
Ukuze uhlangane ngemuva kokwelashwa nge-anti-lice shampoo, landela izikhombisi-ndlela futhi ungageza izinwele zesikhathi eside kunconywa (isikhathi esisodwa noma ezimbili). Uzokwenza amahora ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kwangu-12 emva kokusebenza komkhiqizo.
Ngezinwele ezingelapheki noma emva kwesikhathi sokungena-kuphelile sekuphelile, kulula kakhulu ukwenza inhlanganisela ngemuva kokugeza izinwele nokusetshenziswa kwesimo sezinwele.
Qaphela ukuthi kungathatha ihora noma amabili ukwenza kahle i-lice ehlangene. Kungathatha isikhathi eside ngezinwele ezinde noma ezikhazimulayo. Landela lezi zinyathelo:
- Hlanganisa izimpahla zakho: ikhefu elivamile, ikhekhe elihle lezinyosi, i-bhotela yamanzi, ukugcoba, ukuphakamisa i-lens, amathissi, isitsha samanzi ashisayo, amavidyo kanye nama-rubber bands (ukusebenzisa ukuvikela izinwele uma uhlangana), futhi ithawula.
- Setha umuntu ophathwayo endaweni ekhululekile ngezokuzijabulisa ezifana nevidiyo, ibhuku noma umdlalo. Beka ithawula eduze kwamahlombe omuntu ukuvikela izingubo.
- Hlanganisa izinwele ezimanzi ngesikhumba esivamile ukuze noma yiziphi izigqoko eziqedwayo. Izinwele ezimanzi kungcono ukuhlangana. Sebenzisa ibhodlela lefafaza ngezinwele ezimanzi uma kudingeka.
- Qala phezulu kwekhanda. Beka amazinyo enhlanganisela yezinyosi eduze nesikhumba sokukhwehlela ngangokunokwenzeka (lapho noma yikuphi amaqanda asanda kubeka khona kanye ne-lice elidala). Phakamisa ingxenye encane yezinwele, ugobe ikhekhe ibe yingxenye yezinwele esikhwameni, bese uhlanganisa phezulu phezulu kwe-shaft yezinwele ngokuqinile, ngisho nokunyakaza kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinwele.
- Buyisa ikhekhe lezinyosi esikhwameni bese uphendulela ama-degree angu-45 kusuka esikhundleni sokuqala. Hlanganisa futhi kusukela esikhwameni kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-shaft hair. Yenza lezi zikhathi ezimbili ukuze uhlobise ukukhiya kusuka kunkomba ngayinye yezine. Uma ubona noma iyiphi i-nits noma i-adult lice engasusiwe ngekhamera, yisuse ngeziphuzo. Ungase ufune ukusebenzisa ingilazi yokukhulisa ukuze ubone.
- Hlanganisa ingxenye yezinwele osanda kuwuqeda ngesiqeshana sezinwele. Sula ikhefu njalo ngezicubu futhi uqaphele ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini izinyosi noma izitshalo ezisusiwe. Phakamisa esinye isigaba bese usihlanza ngendlela efanayo. Qhubeka uze uhlanganise zonke izigaba. Qaphela ngokukhethekile izindawo ezizungeze izindlebe nezinwele ezisezintanyeni ezingenhla, ezithandwa yizinyosi.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi izinwele zimanzi futhi zenze ukudlula kokugcina ngekhekhe lezinyosi, ngalesi sikhathi ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa izinwele. Lokhu kungenza kube lula ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphila ezibucayi.
- Ngemuva kokuthi usuqedile, geza izinwele.
- Hlanza ikhekhe lezinyosi nemikhiqizo yamakhanda ngamanzi ashisayo. Lahla ithawula kanye nezingubo zakho.
Kufanele ubuyekeze inqubo nsuku zonke izinsuku eziningana ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uthola zonke izinyosi nama-nits. Uma ungenjalo, amaqanda azoqothula futhi izinyosi zizophinde zibe khona. Ingabe i-lice ihlangana futhi ngemva kwamasonto amabili ngemuva kokwelashwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinyathelo ziphelile.
Awekho amakhambi asekhaya noma imikhiqizo efuna ukukhipha izintambo ezivela ezinyaweni ziye zafakazelwa ukuthi ziyasebenza, ngakho-ke kuwukuhlakanipha ukungazisebenzisi. Abanye, njengoviniga, bangaphazamisa umsebenzi we-permethrin. Ezinye, njenge-WD-40, i-bleach, noma i-acetone ingalimaza izinwele futhi zibe nenengozi engozini noma ingozi yomlilo uma isetshenziswe.
Kunye enye indlela ongayenza. Isazi sokukhishwa kwezinyosi sizokwenza wonke umsebenzi ongcolile, ekhaya lakho noma endaweni yakhe yebhizinisi. Kungenzeka ukuthi umshuwalense wakho wezempilo uzokhipha ikhanda lokukhishwa kwekhanda, noma ukuthi ungabuyiselwa nge-akhawunti yakho yokulondoloza impilo. Uma kunjalo, kungase kuzuze, ikakhulukazi uma kunguwe ophethe i-lice; ukuzitholela ngokuphumelelayo cishe akunakwenzeka. Ochwepheshe bezintambo zokususa ngempela bayasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi yonke i-nit nit isithathwa.
Ukuhlanza
I-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) incoma ukuhlanza noma yikuphi ukugqoka noma ezinye izinto eziye zaxhumana nenhloko yomuntu onomlenze emahoreni angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 edlule. Geza izingubo nokulala emanzini ashisayo bese usomile esomini esishisayo. Sebenzisa i-vacuum ukuze ususe izinyosi namantongomane kusuka kwifenisha, emaphepheni, izilwane ezigxotshiwe, izihlalo zemoto, nezinye izinto. Uma kukhona izinto ongeke uzihlanze kalula ngalezi zindlela, zifake esikhwameni esikhulu sepulasitiki bese uvale uqine amasonto amabili. Uma kunoma yikuphi ukunqunywa kwezinyosi, bazolamba ngaphandle kokuthola igazi.
Ama-Smothering (Occlusive) Agents
Eziningi ezinye izifo zasemakhaya zasemakhaya zihilela ukubeka okuthile esikhwameni nasezinwele ukuba " zishaye " inja yekhanda, kufana neLiceMD. Izinqumo ezidumile zihlanganisa imayonnaise, amafutha omnqumo, noVaseline (i-petroleum jelly). Lezi zivame ukushiywa ngobusuku bonke, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwesikhumba sokugeza, bese zihlanzwa ngosuku olulandelayo. Zingaba ezimbi kakhulu, noma kunjalo, futhi azizange ziboniswe ukusebenza. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi noma iyiphi inzuzo le ndlela ingaba nayo ivela kumantongomane futhi izinyathelo zisusiwe njengoba uzama ukugeza i-agent ngaphandle kwezinwele zakho.
Imigomo
Bheka udokotela wezingane noma udokotela wakho womndeni uma ungakwazi ukuqeda izinyathelo. I-lice ingaba nenkani , ikwazi ukuqhubeka nayo yonke inkambo yezokwelapha imilenze. Udokotela angaqinisekisa ukuthi ngabe i-lice ephilayo ikhona futhi ikufundise indlela yokubona kangcono nokususa izitshalo. Mhlawumbe naye uzokwazi amaphethini wokumelana nama shampoos avamile e-anti-lice endaweni yakho, uma kusebenza, nokuthi yini okungcono ukwelashwa okulandelayo kuwe.
I-Shampoos ye-Prescription
Udokotela wakho angase anikeze amandla omuthi we-anti-lice shampoo, njenge:
- I-Ovide (malathion): Lokhu kuyindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke zemithi. I-lotion isetshenziselwa izinwele ezomile futhi ushiye emoyeni owomile, bese uhlanzwa emva kwamahora angu-8 kuya kwangu-12. Izobulala amaqanda, futhi isicelo esisodwa kuphela esidingekayo. Kuyinto evuthayo kakhulu ngoba iqukethe utshwala; Akufanele usebenzise isomisi sokweboya noma ubheme ngenkathi isetshenziswa noma ukomiswa. Ayisetshenziselwa izingane ezincane kuneminyaka engama-2, futhi ukuphepha akukahlolwa kubantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-6. Uma kungenwa ngengozi (okungakabikwa), kunganciphisa ukuphefumula.
- I-Ulesfia (i-benzyl alcohol lotion amaphesenti angu-5) : Abazali nodokotela bezingane bangakwazi futhi ukubuyela e-Ulesfia njengendlela yokwelashwa kwemithi ye-anti-pesticide. I-Ulesfia ingasetshenziswa ezinwele zezingane ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala kuze kube yilapho igcwele, ihlanzwa ngemva kwemizuzu engu-10, bese isetshenziselwa izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kamuva. Ngokungafani ne-Nix, i-Rid, nezinye izinja zezinyosi zekhanda, u-Ulesfia kucatshangwa ukuthi usebenza ngokuvimbela imilenze yokuphefumula, ngakho-ke uyayigubha.
- I-Natroba (i-spinosad ye-0.9 yamaphesenti ukumiswa) : Lokhu kumiswa kwe-benzyl utshwala kanye nama-compounds akhiwa amabhaktheriya enhlabathi ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa kuvunyelwe ukuba asetshenziswe ngokweqile ezinganeni ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya phezulu. Isebenza okuningi njenge-permethrin futhi ihlala isikhathi eside ukuze ibe nemiphumela kunoma yikuphi amaqanda ahlasela, kodwa idinga isicelo sesibili ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa.
- I-Sklice (ivermectin amaphesenti angu-0.5) : Le lotion ephezulu yamukelwa yi-FDA ngo-2012 ngezingane ezinyangeni ezingu-6 noma ngaphezulu. Kubangela ukukhubazeka kwesisu emgqeni. Isicelo esisodwa kuphela esidingekayo.
- I-Elimite (i-permethrin amaphesenti angu-5 ): Le nguqulo ye-prescription-amandla yalesi sidakamizwa itholakala, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwekhanda lekhanda kukhishwe-ilebuli (okusho ukuthi odokotela bangakhetha ukuyibeka ukuze baphathe izinyosi, nakuba i-FDA ingayigunyazanga ngale njongo ). Uma izinyosi zingavumelani nokuxilongwa kwe-OTC yalesi sidakamizwa, zingase zikwazi ukumelana nalokhu kuhlushwa okuphakeme.
Ama-Oral Agents Oral Agents
Ngaphezu kwama-agent e-topical, kunezithunywa ezimbili zomlomo odokotela abangasebenzisa ngaphandle kwelebula:
- I-Stromectol (ivermectin) : Lesi yisidakamizwa sokulwa nesandulela-ngculaza esiye sabonisa ukusebenza kahle ekwelapheni izifo zokuvimbela ikhanda eliphikisanayo. Inikezwa ngamanani amabili, izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-10 ngaphandle. Ngenxa yokuthi le mithi izophinde ifike ebuchosheni bomuntu futhi ingathinta umsebenzi we-neural, akumele unikezwe izingane ezilinganisa amakhilogremu angama-33.
- I-Septra noma i-Bactrim (i-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) : Ungase ujwayelane nale antibiotic kwezinye izinhlobo zokutheleleka. Uthatha inkambo yezinsuku ezingu-10. Kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi iphumelele ekwelapheni izifo ezingenakuphikiswa zezinyosi zekhanda futhi ingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-Nix.
Imithi Ephelele
Amakhemikhali asemqoka ngezinye izikhathi atholakala ekunakekeleni ukungena kwekhanda lekhanda. Ucwaningo lwango-2010 lwabantu abangu-123 abanenhloko yekhanda bethola ukuthi umkhiqizo osetshenziswe ngekhanda ophethe i- oil tree tree (melaleuca) namafutha we-lavender wawuphumelele, kanti abantu abangu-41 kwabangu-42 baphathwa ngokungahambi kahle ngemuva kokunakekelwa kokugcina, uma kuqhathaniswa nama 25 kuphela amaphesenti weziguli eziphathwa nge-shampoo ejwayelekile yokulwa ne-louse. Imikhiqizo equkethe i-neem seed extract ibonise ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-head head ibulawe ngokuphathwa okukodwa kwezinye izifundo ezincane. Kodwa-ke, iningi lezifundo ezimbalwa kulokhu zenziwa ngethubhu yokuhlola, ngakho-ke ukuphumelela kwalezi zindlela zokwelashwa kubantu kungabazeki.
Uma uzama amafutha abalulekile, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi akufanele asetshenziswe ngamandla aphelele esikhumbeni, ngoba angabacasula futhi abe nemiphumela emibi uma engena. Njengoba kungekho ucwaningo oluningi, awaziwa ukuthi imikhiqizo equkethe amafutha ayisisekelo noma i-neem extract iphephile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abathintekayo njengabantwana, abesifazane abakhulelwe, nabamnesi. I-American Academy of Pediatrics iyaxwayisa ngokumelene nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-herbal anti-lice ezinganeni nasezinganeni.
Futhi khumbula: Uma kuziwa ezindlebeni, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngokuphelele kubalulekile ekuqedeni i-infestation futhi kuvimbele ukusabalalisa. Ukukhetha ukwelashwa okuvamile okuyaziwayo ukusebenza kunikeza ithuba lakho elihle ekubeka lokhu ngemuva kwakho.
> Imithombo:
> Abdel-Ghaffar F, Al-Quraishy S, Al-Rasheid KA, Mehlhorn H. Ukusebenza kokwelashwa okulodwa kweNhloko yekhanda neNzalo yeNew Extract: KuVivo naseVitro Study on Stages Nits and Motile. I-Parasitol Res. 2011 Jun 11.
> Barker SC, i-Altman PM. I-Randomised, Assessor Blind, i-Parallel Group Ukuqhathanisa Ukuqhathaniswa Kwemikhiqizo Emithathu Yokwelapha Kwekhanda Eliyinhloko Ezinganeni - I-Melaleuca Amafutha ne-Lavender Oil, ama-Pyrethrins no-Piperonyl Butoxide, nomkhiqizo othi "Ukuhlupheka". BMC Dermatol. 2010 Aug 20; 10: 6.
> Inhloko yekhanda. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head/index.html.
> Devore CD, Schutze GE. Head Lice. Izingane zokwelapha . 2015; 135 (5). i-doi: 10.1542 / ama-peds.2015-0746.
> Meister L, Ochsendorf F. Inhloko Yenhloko: Epidemiology, Biology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. I-Deutsches Ärzteblatt International . 2016; 113 (45): 763-772. doi: 10.3238 / arztebl.2016.0763.