I-Mitral stenosis iyisivimbela i-mitral valve, okunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi kusukela ku-atrium kwesobunxele kuya kwe-ventricle kwesokunxele. I-Mitral stenosis ijwayele kakhulu namuhla emazweni athuthukile, kodwa uma kwenzeka ingabangela izinkinga ezibalulekile zenhliziyo.
Kuyini i-Mitral Stenosis?
I-valve ye-mitral ilawula ukuvula phakathi kwe-atrium kwesokunxele ne-ventricle kwesokunxele.
Lapho izinkontileka ze-atrium ezisele, i-valve ye-mitral ivuleka ukuvumela igazi ukuba ligijime ngaphakathi kwe-ventricle kwesokunxele. I-ventricle yangakwesokunxele iphinda ivumelane ngokushesha, futhi i-valve mitral ivala ukuvimbela igazi ukuba libuyele emuva liye le-atrium kwesokunxele.
Nge-stralosis ye-mitral, i-valve ye-mitral igxilile futhi iguquguquke (okungukuthi, i-stenotic), futhi ayikwazi ukuvula ngokugcwele. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, i-atrium yesokunxele ayikwazi ukuyilahla ngokuphelele. Igazi livame ukubuyela emuva, okuholela ekucindezelweni kwe-atrial kwesokunxele. Ngesikhathi eside, izinkinga zenhliziyo ezibalulekile zingabangela.
Yiziphi Izimbangela Ze-Mitral Stenosis?
Izimo eziningana zingabangela i-mitral stenosis:
- Isifo senhliziyo esibangelwa yi-rheumatic yisona esivame kakhulu . Ngenxa yokuthi isifo senhliziyo se-rheumatic sesiye singavamile emazweni athuthukile, i-mitral stenosis manje ibonakala kaningi kangako kunasekupheleni kwamashumi eminyaka adlule.
- Ezinye izinhlobo zesifo senhliziyo esingazalwa zingabangela i-mitral stenosis. Kulezi zimo, i-valve valve ihluleka ukuthuthukisa ngendlela evamile.
- I-Mitral annular calcification (isimo lapho i-calcium efakwe khona kwi-valve mitral, evame ukuhlangana ne-aging noma isifo sezinso) ingabangela i-mitral stenosis. Ngenkathi i-mitral annular calcification yisimo esivamile, ngokuvamile kuvame ukubangela ukuphindaphinda kwe-mitral futhi kungavamile ukukhiqiza i-mitral stenosis.
- I-endocarditis ezithathelwanayo (ukutheleleka kwezigqoko zenhliziyo) kungavamile neze ukuphumela kwe-mitral stenosis.
Iziphi Izinkinga Ezenza Imisipha Yomshoshaphansi?
E-stralosis ye-mitral ebangelwa isifo senhliziyo esishubile (imbangela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke), inkinga ye-valve ikhula kancane kancane, esikhathini esithile, futhi izimpawu zivela kancane kancane. Ezimweni eziningi, i-mitral stenosis iqala ukutholakala ukuthi sekuyiminyaka engu-15 kuya kwe-20 ngemva kokushisa komzimba nge- rheumatic fever .
Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi, ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwe-atrium kwesokunxele kwanda kancane kancane, futhi leyo nkampani igcina ikhulisiwe. Ukucindezela okwandisiwe kubuye kuhanjiswe emuva, emithanjeni yegazi emaphashini, futhi ekugcineni uye emthini we-pulmonary. I -arteriary artery hypertension , ukucindezela okukhulu emthini we-pulmonary, ngokuvamile kuphumela.
I-arteriary artery hypertension ingagcina idale ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo okuthinta uhlangothi lwesokudla senhliziyo. Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kwangasese kuhlotshaniswa nokukhathala okwedlulele nokuqoqwa kwamanzi kagesi (i-edema) emilenzeni, futhi kaningi kwesisu.
I-fibrillation ye-atrial ivame kakhulu kubantu abane-mitral stenosis. Kuze kube ngu-70% wabantu abane-mitral stenosis ekugcineni bazokuthuthukisa le-arrhythmia.
I-Thromboembolism nayo iyinkinga nge-mitral stenosis.
Ama-clots egazi abumba ngaphakathi kokungavamile okwesokunxele kwe-atrium aphule futhi abangele ukulimala kwezicubu, ikakhulukazi ukushaya . Le nkinga ingengozini kunoma ubani one-fibrillation e-atrial, kodwa leyo ngozi ingaphezulu kakhulu uma i-fibrillation ye-atrial ihlotshaniswa ne-mitral stenosis. Eqinisweni, i-thromboembolism ingenzeka nge-stralosis ye-mitral ngisho noma i-fibrillation ye-atrial engekho.
Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuthi I-Mitral Stenosis?
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ezibangelwa i-mitral stenosis yi- dyspnea (ukuphefumula), ukukhwehlela nokukhathala. Abantu abane-stralosis ye-mitral bayakwazi ukuthola lezi zimpawu noma nini lapho inhliziyo ibizwa khona ukwenza umsebenzi omncane, njengokungathi usebenza nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, umkhuhlane noma ukugula noma ukukhulelwa.
Njengoba nje i-mitral stenosis ngokwayo ikhula kancane kancane, ngakho-ke izimpawu eziyibangela. Ezimweni eziningi, abantu abane-mitral stenosis bagwema izimpawu ngokunciphisa ngokunciphisa izinga lomsebenzi wabo esikhathini esithile, ekugcineni bahlala behlala phansi. Ngenxa yokuthi ayisebenzi, ngokuvamile ngeke abone ukukhishwa kokuphefumula, futhi angeke abike ngalolu dokotela kudokotela babo.
Uma i-mitral stenosis iba nzima, iziguli zingathuthukisa izimpawu eziqhubekayo ngisho nokuphumula, futhi zingase zihlakulele kakhulu i-edema futhi zikhwehlele igazi.
I-fibalation ye-Arial ingabangela ukuphazamiseka nokukhanya okuncane, futhi ingenza zonke izimpawu ezihlobene ne-mitral stenosis zimbi nakakhulu.
I-Mitral Stenosis Ithola Kanjani?
Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukusola kuqala ngemuva kokuba udokotela enze ukuhlola ngokomzimba futhi aqaphele inhliziyo elula, ekhungayo ewubuhlungu bokuthi yi-mitral stenosis. Lapho sekusolakala ukuthi ukuxilongwa, kungacaciswa kalula noma kukhishwe ngaphandle kwe- echocardiogram .
Ukwelapha i-Mitral Stenosis
Uma uthola ukuthi une-mitral stenosis, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu wena nodokotela wakho kuzodingeka zicabangele ukuthi ngabe / nini ukwenza inqubo yokuhlinza ukuxazulula isifo se-stenosis, futhi yiziphi izinyathelo okudingeka zithathwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlushwa kwe-thrombosis .
Umthombo:
Bonow, RO, Carabello, BA, Chatterjee, K, et al. Ukubuyekezwa okugxilwe ngo-2008 okufakwe emithethweni ye-ACC / AHA 2006 yokuphathwa kweziguli ezine-valvular isifo senhliziyo: umbiko we-American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Iziqondiso Zokuzikhandla (IKomidi Yokubhala Ukubuyekeza Izeluleko Zika-1998 Zokuphathwa Iziguli ezine-Valvular Heart Disease): Ezivunyelwe yiNhlangano Yezinhliziyo Zezinhliziyo Ze-Anesthesiologists, i-Society for Cardiovascular Angiography Nokungenelela, kanye neNhlangano Yezifo Ezihlinzeka NgamaTriracic. Ukujikeleza ngo-2008; 118: e523.
Chandrashekhar Y, Westaby S, Narula J. Mitral stenosis. Lancet 2009; 374: 1271.