Kungenzeka ukuthi wezwa udokotela wakho ukukhuluma ngokuchazwa komdlavuza wakho (noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha). Iyini incazelo ye-prognosis, futhi yini okudingeka ukwazi nge-prognosis ukwenza izinqumo ezinhle kakhulu zokunakekelwa kwezempilo? Ake sikhulume ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kunqunywa kanjani, futhi ukukhawulelwa kwezibalo ezisetshenzisiwe, ikakhulukazi kule nkathi lapho ukwelashwa kuthuthuka.
Isibikezelo: Incazelo
Ukubikezelwa yisibikezelo noma ukulinganisa ithuba lokusinda noma ukusinda esibhedlela. Abaningi odokotela banikeza ukubikezela ngokusekelwe kwezibalo zendlela isifo esenza ngayo ekufundeni jikelele. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukubikezela kwakho akuyona into ebhalwe ngamatshe. Ukulinganisa noma ukuqagela mayelana nokuthi uzokwenzenjani, kodwa ngokuvamile, abanye abantu bazokwenza okungcono kakhulu futhi abanye abantu bazokwenza okungaphezu kokuthi "isilinganiso." Kunabantu abambalwa "abaphakathi" uma kuziwa empilweni yabo.
Ukuphawula ngesifo somdlavuza kuncike ezintweni eziningana, njengezigaba zesifo ekuxilongweni, uhlobo kanye nesifo somdlavuza womdlavuza, iphrofayili ye-molecular of the tumor, ngisho nobulili.
Isibikezelo Siyisitatimende
Ukwaziswa okuningi ozokuzwa nokufunda ngokuchazwa kwesifo sakho kusekelwe kwizibalo ezivela ezifundweni ezibheke kwabanye abantu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zinombolo ziyizinombolo kuphela, futhi awubheke ukuhluka komuntu ngamunye.
Izibalo eziningi nazo ziyi-dated. Isibonelo, izibalo ezibheke izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu yesifo esithile zingase zibe neminyaka eminingana ubudala-futhi kusukela esikhathini esabikezwa ngazo, izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha nezincono kungenzeka zitholakale. Umdlavuza we-Lung yisibonelo lapho "ukubikezela" kwalesi sifo kungase kungabi khona ngokunembile.
Izibalo eziningi esizisebenzisa ezikhuluma ngokusinda zineminyaka eminingana ubudala. Noma kunjalo, izidakamizwa ezintsha ziye zavunyelwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kule minyaka emihlanu eyedlule kunezingu-40 eminyakeni engaphambi kwalesi sikhathi.
Ukubikezelwa Kuhlukile Kuwo Wonke Unomdlavuza
Wonke umdlavuza owodwa uhlukile. Uma kukhona abantu abangu-200 abanesifo somdlavuza wamangqamuzana wesigaba sesi-2A esingekho emincane ekamelweni, kunama-cancer angama-200 ahluke kumaphrofayli wamangqamuzana nezinye izinto ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphezulu kwalokhu, wonke umuntu unemibono ebalulekile ethinta ukuguquka, njengokudala, impilo jikelele, izimo zezokwelapha ezikhona, kanye nokukwazi ukubekezelela ukwelashwa. Bheka ezinye zezici eziningi ezingathinta izinga lokusinda kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Imigomo esebenzayo ukuchaza ukuxilongwa nge-cancer
Kunemigomo eminingi udokotela wakho angayisebenzisa ekukhulumeni ngokubikezela kwakho. Amanye alawa angase asetshenziswe kunabanye ngokusekelwe ekulondolozeni okulindelekile nomdlavuza. Amanye amagama asetshenziswe kaningi njengengxenye yezivivinyo zomtholampilo. Amanye alawa magama afaka:
Izinga lokusinda : Inani lokusinda liwukuthi "isikhathi esilinganiselwe umuntu esilindeleke ukuba asinde umdlavuza, futhi ngokuvamile sinikezwa ngokusekelwe esikhathini esithile, isibonelo," isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu yokusinda. "
Isilinganiso sokusinda kweMedian: Isilinganiso sokusinda esiphakathi nendawo inombolo echaza isikhathi esilandelayo lapho isigamu sabantu abanesimo esithile nesigaba somdlavuza siphila, kanti amaphesenti angu-50 afile. Ngezicubu ezinamandla, ezifana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukubikezelwa kwesibindi kuvame ukuchazwa ngale ndlela.
Ukusinda okungaqhubeki ngokuqhubekayo : Ukusinda okungaqhubeki okuqhubekayo noma i-PFS kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza impendulo yokwelashwa komdlavuza, futhi kubhekisela esikhathini esilinganiselwe lapho umdlavuza ungakhula khona, noma uhlala uzinzile. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okulawula umdlavuza, kunokuba uphulukise lesi sifo, ukusinda okuqhubekayo mahhala kungaba isilinganiso ukubona ukuthi ukwelashwa kungasebenza isikhathi esingakanani (ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza ube umelana nokuphathwa).
I-PFS ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho ichaza ukwelashwa okufana nemithi ehloselwe umdlavuza.
Ukusinda okungenayo izifo : Ukusinda okungenayo izifo kubhekisela esikhathini eside umuntu ahlala ekhululekile umdlavuza otholakale.
Ukusinda okuphelele: Ukusinda okuphelele kubhekisela esikhathini esiphezulu somuntu osinda emva kokuthola isifo somdlavuza ngaphambi kokufa kunoma yisiphi isizathu kubandakanya umdlavuza.
Ukuthuthukisa Ukuguqulwa Kwakho
Ngaphandle kokwelapha udokotela wakho uncoma, kunezinye izinto ongazenza ngokwakho ukuze uthuthukise ukubikezela kwakho . Khumbula ukuthi abanye abantu bangadliwa yisifo naphezu kwemizamo yokulwa nayo, kanti abanye benza kahle ngaphandle kokuzama. Lokho kusho ukuthi kunezinto ezithile abantu abangayenza ukuze baphakamise izinkinga zabo. Ukuthola ukwesekwa kwabangani noma emphakathini womdlavuza noma ukuhlanganyela ekuzivocavocavoca okuvamile sekutholwe kokubili ukuthuthukisa abanye abantu abanezinhlobo zomdlavuza.
Izwi lokuqapha
Kubalulekile ukuphinda ukhombise ukuthi ukuhlonza kusho ukuthini. Njengoba kubalwa ukulinganisa ukuthi umuntu uzokwenzani ngokususelwa kumphumela wesilinganiso weqembu labantu. Njengoba nje sazi ukuthi wonke umuntu akafani nokuphakama nesisindo, siyazi ukuthi amazinga athile angasho kancane kumuntu ngamunye. Noma kunjalo ngomdlavuza, kuneziguquguquko ezingaphezu kwalokho ezifakiwe kunalezo ezinquma ukuphakama. Kubuye kube nesibalo esivela ekuhlangenwe nakho okudlule. Izibalo zingakutshela ukuthi umuntu "ojwayelekile" wenza kanjani umdlavuza ofana newakho (kodwa ngokuqinisekile uhlukile ngokwemvelo) ngenkathi ukwelashwa kungase kuhluke kunanamuhla.
Uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza, ngemva kokuqonda ukulinganiselwa ekulinganiseni ukubikezela, kunesinyathelo esisodwa esengeziwe abanye abantu abatholile bewusizo. Zama ukunciphisa izibalo engqondweni yakho. Ngokwesibonelo, esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi amaphesenti angu-40 abantu abaphila iminyaka emihlanu ngomdlavuza othile, qaphela ukuthi amaphesenti angu-60 abantu aphila. Futhi khumbula ukuthi izibalo-lezo zinamba esizisebenzisa ukulinganisa ukubikezela-zizobukeka zihlukile eminyakeni emihlanu kusukela manje kunanamuhla.
Futhi eyaziwa ngokuthi: isilinganiso sokusinda
Izibonelo: I- Jill yanikezelwa kahle ngokuthola imithi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngoba itholakale esiteji sokuqala .
> Imithombo:
> Society of American of Clinical Oncology. Cancer.net. Ukuqonda Izibalo Okusetshenziselwa Ukuqondisa Isibikezelo Nokuhlola Ukwelashwa. Kubuyekezwe 03/16. http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/cancer-basics/understanding-statistics-used-guide-prognosis-and-evaluate-reatment
> National Cancer Institute. Ukuqonda Ukuguqulwa Kwemdlavuza. Kubuyekezwe 11/24/14. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis