Ukuqonda Izingozi Nalokho Ongakwenza
Ungenzi iphutha ngalokhu, kuhle ukuba omncane. Manje yisikhathi ekuphileni ukuze uhlole ukuthi ungubani nokuthi yini ofuna ukuyenza. Kuphathelene nokuthatha izingozi, ukwenza amaphutha nokuhlanganyela emikhosini yevesi eyingxenye yefa lesintu sonke. Kuthatha ngokubamba impilo ngezandla zombili, ngokugcwele futhi ungesabi.
Kodwa emthunzini we- HIV , ingabe imithetho iguqukile ngokuzumayo?
Impembelelo ye-HIV eNtsha
Ebusweni bezinto, izinombolo zibonakala zizikhulumela zona. Ngokusho kwamaCentral for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cishe amaphesenti angama-26 abantu abangama-50,000 baseMelika abatheleleke ngonyaka ngamunye abane-HIV baneminyaka engaphansi kweminyaka engu-25. Lokhu kungaphezu kuka-12 000 ukutheleleka okusha ngonyaka, noma izifo ezintsha ezingu-1,000 ngenyanga. Ukwengeza kulokho ukuthi amaphesenti angama-60 entsha ethintekile ayengazi isimo sabo, futhi adlulisela igciwane kwabanye.
Kodwa izinombolo zodwa azibonakali nje ukuthi ziyini ngempela inkinga. Ukukhuluma ngendaba yokuvimbela kwentsha ye-HIV kuvamise ukuhamba ngendlu yezenhlalo zamakhadi. Ithinta izinkinga zokuziphatha nezokucansi, izici zezinto eziphilayo, amathonya ezenhlalo kanye nezinye izinto eziningi, ngokulinganayo ngokulinganisela ngokumelene nokulandelayo. Tug udaba olulodwa ngokuzimela, futhi isakhiwo sonke sihlupheka.
Ukuqeda Amanani
Ukwakha isu elisekelweyo kuyisihluthulelo sokunqoba lokhu, futhi kuqala ngokuphula izinombolo ngokucacile ukuze kutholakale izindawo ezingozi kakhulu.
Ekuhloleni okuqhubekayo yi-US Centers for Disease Control, abacwaningi babheka ukutheleleka kwentsha eMelika futhi bakwazi ukucacisa ukuthi:
- Cishe amaphesenti angama-85 azo zonke izifo ezithathelwanayo ngukuxhumana ngocansi.
- Izifo ezivela ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa ezihamba phambili zigijima noma kuphi kusuka kumaphesenti angu-7 ukuya ku-12
- Abesilisa abancane bamele cishe amaphesenti angama-60 okutheleleka okusha.
- Ezinganeni zabantu , amaphesenti angama-75 aphakathi kwabantu abalala nobulili namadoda (MSM) .
- Ngokutheleleka kwe-MSM, amaphesenti angu-14 angama-African American kanti amaphesenti ayisikhombisa angamaLatin.
- I-akhawunti yasebasha yase-Afrika yaseMelika ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-50 wezifo ezintsha.
- I-Latinos nabase-Afrika baseMelika banamathuba amabili okutheleleka nge-IV ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kunabamhlophe.
Ukulimala Okubeka Intsha Engozini
Kodwa lokhu akukhona lapho inkinga iyeka khona. Ukugxila kulezi zibalo kunamanye amanani ezenhlalakahle nezomtholampilo okwandisa amathuba okutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza-ngokuyinhloko "amandla" angaphandle lapho singenakho ukulawula okuncane njengabantu ngabanye. Omkhulu phakathi kwabo:
- Ubumpofu buhlala buyingxenye ebalulekile ekukhusheni okuphezulu emiphakathini empofu, lapho kunokufinyelela okungenele kokunakekelwa kwempilo yomphakathi, izinsizakalo, ukusekelwa kanye nokufinyelela.
- Kodwa ngenkathi izinga lobuphofu likhulu ngaphezu kwezikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili kulabo base-Afrika baseMelika kunabamhlophe, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinga lokutheleleka phakathi kwamaqembu ampofu-kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abamhlophe, uLatin noma i-African American-bafana kakhulu. Ubuhlanga abuyona ingxenye.
- Indlela yokudlulisa idlala indima enkulu ekutheni izinga lokutheleleka phakathi kwe-MSM encane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi liyabonakala njengabalingani bobulili, abesilisa nabesifazane noma abesilisa. Lokhu kungenxa yezici eziningana, kuhlanganise nokwesaba ukudalulwa kanye nobungozi obukhulu bokuvezwa ngezocansi ezingalondoloziwe .
Ngokufanayo, izinsizwa ezincane zinengozi enkulu kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kunabesifazane asebekhulile ngenxa yamangqamuzana angama-columnar angama-columnar afaka umlomo wesibeletho . (Ngemva kokukhulelwa, lawa maseli ashintshwa kancane kancane ngesakhiwo esincane esinezakhi eziningi.)
- Ukwamukelwa kwezenhlalo kumadoda amadala okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo kuhlanganisa ukuxazululwa kwamanye amasiko, ngoba amadoda asekhulile angenwa yi-HIV. Kokubili lokhu kanye nokutholakala kwezinto eziphilayo kubangelwa yizizathu ezimbili ukuthi abesifazane abasebasha bavame ukutheleleka esikhathini esingaphansi kunezinsizwa.
- E-US, cishe amaphesenti angama-25 amacala abikiwe ngezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STDs) zenzeka phakathi kwentsha. Ama-STD ahlobene ngqo nomngcipheko ophezulu wokutheleleka nge-HIV .
- Ukwesaba ukuhlambalaza , ukuxhashazwa nokuhlukumezeka kwabantu kuyathumela intsha eningi emhlabathini, iwavimbela ukuba bangafune ukunakekelwa nokwelashwa abayidingayo. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekucindezelekeni nasekusetshenzisweni kabi kwezidakamizwa, okungaholela ekuziphatheni kokuziphatha okubi ngokobulili
- Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuyisinselele kuwo wonke amaqembu, kunciphisa ukuvimbela futhi kuphazamise isahlulelo. Ukusabalala kwe- crystal methamphetamine emphakathini wama-gay, ikakhulukazi, kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nengozi enkulu engamaphesenti angu-250 okutheleleka.
Izimo Zentsha NgeHIV
Kodwa enye inselele ekuvimbeleni i-HIV yizimo zengqondo zentsha yethu. Ucwaningo olwenziwa kakhulu yi-Kaiser Family Foundation luye lwafinyelela kakhulu, abacwaningi bathola lokho
- Abesithathu kwabangu-5 abaphendulile bathi ukulibaza ucansi kwaba "umbono omuhle, akekho owenzayo."
- Omunye kwabayisithupha ukholelwa ukuthi ukulala ocansini okungavumelekile "akuyona leyo nto enkulu."
- Abesithathu kwabangu-5 babike ukuthi noma bona noma umlingani baye babesaba ukukhulelwa.
- Amaphesenti angu-70 aqondene nezindlela zokulawula ukubeletha ngaphandle kwamakhondomu njengokuthi "wenza ucansi oluvikelekile."
- Amaphesenti angu-50 abheka amakhondomu njengesibonakaliso sokungathembi, ukungathembeki noma ukuziphatha kabi .
- Amaphesenti angu-20 akholelwa ukuthi ungatshela umuntu one-HIV ngokubheka.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, mhlawumbe, kwakungokuthi bambalwa kulabo abasha abacwaninga ukuthi baqala ukuxoxa nge-HIV / AIDS nomlingani wabo wezocansi, naphezu kokuthi amaphesenti angaba ngu-75 athi bafuna olunye ulwazi
Izindlela Eziwusizo Zokuvimbela I-HIV Entsha
Njengoba inikezwe ngezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezihlangene ezihlobene ne-HIV nentsha, kuyacaca ukuthi impendulo ehambisanayo iyadingeka-hhayi kuphela ekubonweni kwezempilo komphakathi kodwa kusukela ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye kanye nelinye. Yimiphi iminyaka yokuqwashisa umphakathi okusifundise ukuthi ukunciphisa ingozi kudlulela ngaphezu kohlu lwe "yini okumele yenze-futhi-engenzi." Kudinga ukucaca, ukuphikelela kanye nendlela esekelwe ngabanye ngokuqondene nokukhathazeka kanye nezinkinga zalowo muntu kanye nalowo muntu wedwa.
Kodwa ake sithembeke. Ayikho indlela thina, njengabantu ngabanye, singazenza sengathi sinqobe izinkinga ezifana nobuphofu nokufinyelela ekunakekeleni. Futhi akukho isiqinisekiso sokuthi yonke ingxoxo emhlabeni izovimbela othile ukuba agweme yonke ingozi sonke isikhathi.
Eqinisweni, wonke umuntu kithi angagxila kakhulu kithi nakwabanye abaseduze nathi. Futhi akusikho okuningi ngokubeka izimpawu zokuxwayisa. Kungcono ukuqonda uhlobo lwengozi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zalo; lapho ivela khona nokuthi ingasenza kanjani sengozini.
Kungokuthi "ukuxhuma amachashazi" -ukuhlola ingozi ngokuphathelene nezimo zengqondo nezithonya zenhlalo-ukuthi singakwazi ukuqala ngempela ukwenza ukhetho olunolwazi.
Ongakwenza Ukunciphisa Ingozi Manje
- Qala ngokuthola amaqiniso nge-HIV / AIDS, ubulili obuvikelekile, ukulawulwa kokubeletha , ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu , njll. Fundisa ngokwakho kuqala, ufune izeluleko nezinkomba ezivela emithonjeni ethembekile, ethembekile.
- Kusobala kuwe kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthi amaphutha ayenzeka . Basebenzise ukuqonda ukuthi kungani kwenzeka iphutha nokuthi kungani kwenzeke (isib. Utshwala, ukucindezela kontanga) futhi uhlole amasu okugwema ukuphinda uphinde uwenze.
- Ukuguqulwa kwengcindezi eyengeziwe. Akukhona 'ukuguqula iqabunga elisha lonke,' kodwa kunalokho ukukhomba izinguquko ezingokoqobo ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yomuntu siqu.
- Zama ukugwema izibalo namaphesenti lapho uxoxa nge-HIV. Kwabanye, ingozi engamaphesenti angu-30 okuthile okungahambi kahle yinto efanayo nephusenti elingamaphesenti angu-70 ukuthi ngeke.
- Uma kunenkinga ngezidakamizwa, utshwala, noma ukucindezeleka, sebenzisa lokho kuqala. Ngezansi: ayikho indlela yangempela yokwenza isahlulelo esinolwazi kuze kube yilezi zindaba ezibhekiswe kuzo.
- Njengomzali, zama ukugcizelela izingxoxo mayelana nobulili ekuqaleni kweminyaka yobudala. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uhlose ukucacisa, futhi uhlole amazinga akho okungazinaki ukugwema ukuwadlulisela ezinganeni zakho.
- Susa i-tab noma amanye amalebula "angenakuqhathaniswa" avela ezingxoxweni mayelana nocansi noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Kungcono ukuthi othile akubize uma kunenkinga kunokwesaba ukusabela kwakho uma besenkingeni. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu uma kuziwa ezindabeni zobulili noma ngokocansi. Kungakhathaliseki isiko noma izinkolelo, akunakwenzeka ukubhekana nokunciphisa ingozi uma kukhona "okususwa etafuleni."
- Uma unengxoxo mayelana ne-HIV, zama ukugcoba umuntu onemibuzo enjengokuthi "Ingabe wena ...?" noma "Ingabe u ...?" Kunalokho, gcina ingxoxo ivulekile ngokubuza, "Uyiqonda ngani ngo ...?" noma "Uyini imizwa yakho mayelana ...?"
- Uma kuziwa ukucindezela kontanga, zama ukusebenza ndawonye ukuze uhlele amasu. Abantu abasha bavame ukusho ukuthi banqotshwa ukucindezelwa kontanga nje ngoba "abazi ukuthi bangathini."
- Ukuhlanganyela ngokugcwele ezinhlelweni zemfundo ye-HIV esikoleni nasezikhungweni zentsha. Yiba abantu abanolwazi olwaziwayo abangakwazi ukuphendukela.
- Futhi ekugcineni, i-CDC incoma ukuthi intsha engcupheni ephakathi kweminyaka engu-13 kuya ku-24 ihlolwe i-HIV kanye ne-STD okungenani kanye phakathi nokuhlolwa kwesivivinyo. I-MSM yobulili kufanele ihlolwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
> Imithombo:
> Buchacz, K .; McFarland, W .; Kellogg, T., et al. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Amphetamine kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza phakathi kwamadoda alala namadoda eSan Francisco. " AIDS. September 2001; 19 (13): 1423-1424.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "Isifo se-HIV phakathi kwabesilisa abasha abalala nobulili namadoda - amadolobha ayisikhombisa ase-US, ngo-1994-2000." Ukulimala nokufa Ukubika ngeviki. Juni 1, 2001; 50 (21): 440-4.
> CDC. "Ukulandelela izifo ezifihlakeleyo. Amathrendi kuma-STD e-United States, 2000." I-Atlanta: UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu, CDC; 2000.
> Hader, uS .; Smith, D .; Moore, J. et al. "Ukutheleleka nge-HIV Kwabesifazane E-United States." Umagazini we-American Medical Association. 2001; 285 (9): 1186-1192.
> Kaiser Family Foundation. "Ucwaningo lukazwelonke lwezingane ezisakhulayo nezintsha ezincane: Ezempilo zobulili, ulwazi, izimo zengqondo nezokuhlangenwe nakho." May 19, 2003. Ukushicilelwa 3218