Iyini Impendulo Yomdlavuza We-Lung Cancer Futhi Yini Okufanele Uyazi?
Kusho ukuthini uma utshele ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu ekuqaleni? Ziyini izimpawu ezivamile nokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwa? Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu nokuthi yini okukhulunywa ngayo?
Ngenkathi usuke uzwa ukwesaba okukhulu futhi uphazamiseke ukuhlolwa kwakho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuya ngcono, futhi izinga lokusinda liyaqhubeka.
Futhi njengoba iningi lentuthuko ekwelapheni lenzeke eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphelelwa ithemba ezindabeni abantu abangabelana nawe uma bezwa ngokuthola kwakho.
Incazelo
Kungenzeka ukuthi udokotela wakho uthi "unesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu" ekuqaleni noma kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde ngemithi yokwelapha "emdlalweni wokuqala" umdlavuza wamaphaphu kodwa lokhu kusho ukuthini? Yiziphi izigaba ezibhekwa kuqala?
Ngokuvamile, umehluko ovame ukubhekisela ekuchazeni umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokushesha noma esiteji esiphezulu ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu ekuqaleni, ukuhlinzwa kungase kube yindlela yokuphulukisa lesi sifo. Ngamanye amazwi, umgomo wokwelapha uvame ukuba "ukwelashwa," kunokuba "u-palliative" okugxila ekukhuliseni impilo nasekunciphiseni izimpawu kodwa hhayi ukwelapha umdlavuza.
Izinyathelo Zomdlavuza
Izitebhisi ezibhekwa njengesigaba sokuqala zithinta izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.
Umdlavuza ongasona omncane wamaphaphu wuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwemali yesifo somdlavuza wamaphesenti angama-85 wamanqamu wamaphaphu.
Lezi zomshukela ziqhutshwa phambili zibe amaphaphu adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma yamaphaphu, kanye namagciwane amakhulu amaphaphu amaphaphu. Izitebhisi ezicatshangwa ekuqaleni (noma ezisebenzayo) zifaka:
Umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane uwuhlobo lwesibili lomdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi luhlehlisiwe zibe yizinhlobo ezimbili kuphela, lunqunyelwe kakhulu.
- Umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana omncane ungakhulunywa ngawo ngesikhathi sokuqala (Nakuba lezi zicubu zisencane, Nokho, ukuhlinzwa akuvamile ukwenza umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu.)
Uma uzibuza ukuthi noma ngabe yini ozwayo mayelana "nomdlavuza wamaphaphu okuqala" usebenza esimweni sakho esithile, wabelane ngemibuzo yakho nge-oncologist yakho.
Izimpawu
Ekuqaleni, umdlavuza wamaphaphu okuqala ungenayo izimpawu. Lezi zomshukela zingatholakala ekuhlolweni komdlavuza wamaphaphu noma zitholakale "ngengozi" uma iskena senziwa esinye isizathu.
Uma izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zikhona, zingase zihlanganise ukukhwehlela okungapheli, ukukhwehlela igazi, ukuphefumula, noma ukungazizwa kahle. Eminyakeni yamuva, izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zilokhu zishintsha, futhi njengezifo zenhliziyo, izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane zingase zihluke kulawo madoda. Nge-lung adenocarcinoma - uhlobo lomdlavuza olutholakala kakhulu kubantu besifazane, abasha abasebasha, nabangabhemi - izikhumba zivame ukukhula ezindaweni zangaphandle zamaphaphu kude nemikhumbi ehamba phambili. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu abanezikhamera bangase babe "izimpawu" ezifana nokukhwehlela, kepha kunalokho bavame ukuphawula izimpawu ezingacacile, njengokunciphisa ukubekezela kokuzivocavoca.
Ukuxilongwa
Kunezivivinyo eziningana nezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa okufana ne-CT scan kungenziwa ukuze ngibone ngeso lengqondo lesi sifo futhi ubheke ukusabalala kwesimila kwezinye izifunda zomzimba. I-biopsy yamaphaphu ivame ukuqhutshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa futhi inqume uhlobo lomdlavuza. Kubalulekile ukuthi wonke umuntu one-lung adenocarcinoma, futhi ngempela wonke amakhemikhali ephaphu, uneziprofetho zamangqamuzana ezenziwe nge-tumor . Uma lokhu kungakuzwanga okujwayelekile, khuluma ne-oncologist yakho mayelana nalokhu kuhlolwa.
Ukwelapha I-Cancer
Ukuqonda kangcono imithi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kusiza ukuphula lezi zokwelapha zibe yizigaba ezimbili
- Izindlela zokwelapha zendawo zelashwa eziphatha umdlavuza endaweni lapho zitholakala khona. Kokubili ukwelashwa kanye nokwelapha imisebe kubhekwa ukwelashwa kwendawo
- Izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlelekile ziphatha amangqamuzana omdlavuza wamaphaphu nomaphi lapho kungenzeka khona emzimbeni - isibonelo kungaba umdlavuza osakaze emathanjeni
Ngesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu ekuqaleni, ngokuvamile ukwelashwa kwendawo kwenziwa ngenhloso yokwelapha - umgomo wokwelapha lesi sifo. Ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane kakhulu, ukwelashwa kwendawo kanye nokuhlinzwa noma ukushisa imisebe (njenge-SBRT) kungaba yilokho okudingekayo.
Ukwelapha okuvamile kwenziwa kaningi ngaphezu kokuhlinzekwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ekuqaleni. Uma kunjalo, ukucubungula izithombe akumele kubonise noma yibuphi ubufakazi bokusabalalisa, kepha kusetshenziswa uma kwenzeka noma yiliphi i-cell cell. Siyazi ukuthi amasondo omdlavuza wamapayipi asekuqaleni aphindaphindiwe, futhi lokhu kuphinda kucatshangelwe ukuthi kungenxa yalezi zinsuku - kodwa ezingabonakali - amaseli.
Ukuhlinzwa - Ukwelashwa kuvamise ukwelashwa okukhethwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu okuqala. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlinzeka okungenziwa, kuye ngobukhulu nendawo yesikhumba sakho. Ukwelashwa kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukukhwabanisa okukhulu kwesifuba, kodwa kuyaqhubeka kwenziwa ngenqubo encane engabonakali ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-thoracoscopic (VATS. ) Akuyona yonke inqubo yokuhlinza eyenza le nqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zikhona ezinye izicubu ezingenakufinyeleleka kahle ngale ndlela. Njengoba imiphumela etholakala ekuhlinzekeni itholakale ibe ngcono uma kwenziwa emitholampilo yomdlavuza eyenza amakhulu okuhlinzwa, ungase ufise ukuvakashela, noma okungenani ube nombono wesibili kwelinye leziko elikhulu leNational Cancer Institute-izikhungo zomdlavuza ezikhethiwe.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa / i-SBRT - Ukwelashwa kwe-radiation kungenziwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa njengendlela yokwelashwa kwe-adjuvant. Ngama-tumors asezingeni lesandulela , kodwa engasebenzi ngenxa yesizathu esithile, i- radiotherapy yomzimba (stereotactic radiotherapy) (i-SBRT) , eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-cyberknife" ingenziwa ngenhloso yokwelapha. Ucwaningo luye lwabona ukuthi kubantu abakhetha ukwelashwa okuhle, imiphumela ingafana nalabo abavela ekuhlinzekeni.
I-Chemotherapy - I-Chemotherapy yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ingase isetshenziswe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa njengendlela yokwelashwa kwe-adjuvant. Kusetshenziswe ngale ndlela, i-chemotherapy iklanyelwe ukuhlasela noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza okungenzeka asakaze ngaphezu kwesikhumba sakho, kodwa asengakutholakali ngokucabangela ukuhlolwa esinakho.
Ukwelapha okuhloswe - Ukufometha kwe-molecular kuzokuvumela i-oncologist yakho ukuthi ikwazi ukushintsha noma ukuhlelwa kabusha okulindelekile. Ngamanye amazwi, uma kukhona imithi eye yavunywa noma isesilingo somtholampilo "esihlose" ushintsho oluthile lwezakhi zofuzo lwakho. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zivumela abavukeli be-oncologists ukuba baphathe ukwelashwa ngokucophelela, ngokuthi yini ebizwa ngokuthi "imithi eqondile."
Immunotherapy - I- Immunotherapy iyindlela entsha emnandi yokwelashwa komdlavuza nomuthi wokuqala kuleli klasi njengoba kuvunyelwe ngo-2015 ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Isebenza ngokusiza amasosha omzimba wakho ekuqapheliseni nasekuhlaseleni amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni wakho.
Ukubhekana
Ukuthola ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu uyesabeka noma ngabe kusekuqaleni noma kusezingeni eliphezulu. Uma usanda kufunda ukuthi wena noma othandekayo unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, hlola lezi zinyathelo zokuqala ozolandela uma usanda kutholakala unomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Ukuphila nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuthatha umuzi. Iziguli zisebenza ngokubambisana kakhulu ne-oncologists ngendlela manje ehlanganisiwe "yokwenza isinqumo esabelwe." Kodwa ungafunda kanjani ngokwanele ngomdlavuza wakho ukwenza lezi zinqumo ezibalulekile? Nazi ezinye iziphakamiso zendlela ongacwaninga ngayo umdlavuza wakho ku-intanethi , kanye nokuthi ungaba kanjani ummeli wakho ekunakekelweni kwezempilo.
Anginayo imiphumela yokutadisha ukuze ngiyivuselele, kodwa "igulane" lami lingitshela ukuthi labo bantu abenza okungcono ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu yibo abanokusekelwa nokuxhumana kakhulu. Kunomphakathi womdlavuza wamaphaphu osebenzayo kakhulu - indawo lapho bobabili ningathola ukusekelwa futhi ufunde ngohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza. Hlola lolu lwazi mayelana namaqembu asekelayo emdlalweni we-lung wamaphaphu nasemiphakathini ukuze uthole amathiphu wokuthi ungaqala kanjani ukuxhumeka.
Kwabathandekayo
Uma kungumthandi wakho oye wathola ukuthi, mhlawumbe usuke wesaba futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ubhekane nemizwa yokungabi namandla okuhamba nomdlavuza wokunakekelwa. Lesi sihloko esithi " uma othandekayo wakho enomdlavuza wamaphaphu " ukhuluma ukuthi iziphi iziguli zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ziye zafisa ukuthi abangane babo nemindeni yabo bazi ngokuphila nalesi sifo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uzinakekela wena. Hlola lezi zeluleko ekuzinakekeleni njengomnakekeli .
Imithombo:
Dziedzic, D., no-T. Orlowski. Indima ye-VATS ekuhlinzekeni kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza: Isimo samanje kanye namathemba okuthuthukiswa. Ukwelashwa Okuncane Okumangalisa . 2015. 2015: 938430.
Eberhardt, W., De Ruysscher, D., no-W. Weder. Inkomfa yesibili ye-ESMO Consensus emdlalweni we-Lung Cancer: umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane wangasese wesithathu. Amanothi we-Oncology . 2015. 26 (8): 1573-88.
White, A., noS S. Swanson. Ukuhlinzwa ngokumelene ne-radiotherapy ye-ablative radiotherapy (SABR) ye-stereotactic (SABR) yesifo somdlavuza we-cell osaphazamisekile osencane. I-Journal ye-Thoracic Disease . 2016. 8 (I-Suppl 4): S399-405.