Umkhuhlane we-swine ubizwa ngokuthi igama legciwane lesandulela ngculazi elithinta ihagu (izingulube). Nakuba amagciwane e-ngulube angabathinti abantu, kwakukhona ukuqubukana komhlaba (okwakubhubhane) okwakushiwo ngokuthi "ingulube yengulube" ngo-2009-2010, isifo sofuba sokuqala eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-40. Kwabangelwa igciwane lesifo esisha ngaleso sikhathi esaziwa ngokuthi yi-H1N1, igciwane lesandulela-ngculazi okuthiwa i-A okuyinto empeleni inhlanganisela yezingulube, inyoni (inyoni), nezakhi zofuzo zomuntu ezixubene ndawonye ezingulubeni futhi zisakaze kubantu.
I-H1N1 manje ithathwa njengohlobo olujwayelekile lomkhuhlane wonyaka futhi lufakwe emgodini wokugoma.
I-H1N1 yatholwa kuqala ngo-Ephreli 2009 enentombazane eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala eCalifornia. Kwakubizwa ngokuthi ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke ngoJuni 2009 yiWorld Health Organization (WHO) futhi ekugcineni kwadlula ngo-Agasti 2010. Amakilasi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC) alinganisela ukuthi imkhuhlane yengulube ihlasela cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-61 e-United States futhi kubangele ukufa kwabangu-12 469. Emhlabeni wonke, abantu abangaba ngu-575,400 babulawa yi-swine flu flu.
Izimpawu
I-H1N1 ibangela ukuphefumula futhi isakazeka kakhulu. Izimpawu ze-H1N1 zifana nezomkhuhlane wonyaka futhi zingabandakanya:
- Fever
- Ama-body aches
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
- Isikhukhula
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- Izinwele
- Ukukhathala
- Iphutha le-Runny
- Amehlo abuhlungu
- Ukuvota, isicashu, kanye nesifo sohudo
Izimbangela
Thayipha ama-virus a-influenza A akwazi ukuxubana nezinye izinhlobo, ukudala uhlobo olusha, okuyinto eyenzeka ngenxa yobhubhane buka-2009-2010.
Ama-pig akwazi ukuvumelanisa zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zomkhuhlane (abantu, izingulube, nezinyoni), okwenza indawo igciwane lihlangane futhi liguqule. Igciwane le-H1N1 luhlobo lwe-A olunezifo zezingulube, abantu, kanye nezinyoni zezilwane ezithintekayo ezingulubeni, mhlawumbe iminyaka eminingana ngaphambi kwendlala, futhi yabizwa ngokuthi "ingulube yengulube" ngoba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ifana nemigciwane eyaziwa ukuthi igula izingulube.
Umkhuhlane uhamba phakathi kwezingulube unyaka wonke kodwa uvame kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuwa kwekwephuzile kanye nobusika, okufana nesikhathi somkhuhlane wabantu. Ngesinye isikhathi izingulube zingadlulisa umkhuhlane kubantu abasebenza nabo ngokuxhumana nomuntu oye wanyunyiswa noma okhukhumezekile noma ovela emoyeni ovuthayo ongcoliswe igciwane. Yilokho okwenzekile phakathi nobhubhiso luka-2009-2010, kuphela kuleli cala, uhlobo olusha lwegciwane le-H1N1 olwedluliselwa ezikhungwini luya kubantu futhi lwasakazeka ngokushesha ngoba abantu babengenawo umkhuhlane kuwo ngoba kwakuwumuthi omusha wohlobo.
Isibungu samemezelwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-2010 futhi manje i-H1N1 ibhekwa njengesifo somkhuhlane ovamile. Uma abantu bethola igciwane le-H1N1, ngendlela efanayo ungathola noma yiluphi uhlobo lomkhuhlane; ngokuxhumana nomunye umuntu ogulayo kusuka kumaconsi athile emoyeni aqukethe igciwane bukhoma noma ngokuthinta ubuso obonakele bese ethinta amehlo akho, impumulo noma umlomo.
Awukwazi ukuthola umkhuhlane ekudleni ingulube, nakuba kufanele njalo uqiniseke ukuthi upheke kahle futhi uphathwa ngokucophelela.
Ukuxilongwa
Uma uhlakulela izimpawu zomkhuhlane, akudingeki ubone udokotela uma uvame ukuphilile. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhulelwe, isimiso sakho somzimba samasosha omzimba senziwe ngokweqile, noma unesifo esingapheli njengesifo se-asthma, isifo sikashukela, u-emphysema, noma isimo senhliziyo, kufanele ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukukuxilonga ngesifo sofuba ngokuthatha i-swab esuka ekhaleni lakho kanye / noma emphinjeni phakathi kwezinsuku ezine kuya kwezinhlanu zokugula kwakho. Kukhona izivivinyo zokuxilonga ezinjenge-influenza ezincane ezingatshela ukuthi unomkhuhlane noma cha, nokuthi yiluhlobo luni (A noma B), nakuba alukho olunembile nezinye izivivinyo. Kukhona futhi izivivinyo ezinomsoco ezisheshayo, ezinembile kakhulu futhi zinganikeza nomphumela osheshayo. Njengoba kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zomkhuhlane wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ukuhlolwa kwe-influenza A enhle akusho ukuthi unayo igciwane le-H1N1. Ukuze uhlolwe ngokucacile futhi uhlukanise uhlobo lomkhuhlane onalo, njenge-H1N1, udokotela wakho angathumela isibonisi sakho esibhedlela esikhethekile noma ebhukwini lombuso ukuze kuhlaziywe.
Ukwelapha
Umkhuhlane we-H1N1 uyigciwane njenganoma yikuphi olunye uhlobo lomkhuhlane, kodwa kubonakala sengathi uphendule imithi yama- antiretroal uTamiflu no- Relenza . Le mithi ayiphilisi ukugula, kodwa inganciphisa isikhathi, yenza izimpawu ezincane kakhulu, noma ikusize ukuyigwema ngokuphelele uma uvezwa. Zivame ukugcinwa kubantu abasengozini enkulu yezinkinga nakuba kunjalo amathuba okuthi igciwane lihlasele ukumelana nawo liyancipha.
Uma kungenjalo, ukwelashwa kubantu abaningi ikakhulukazi kunezinyathelo zokududuza nokuphatha izimpawu njengoba kwenzeka. Uma une-asthma noma i-emphysema, isibonelo, udokotela wakho anganezela imithi yokusiza ukukhulula izimpawu zakho zokuphefumula.
Izwi elivela
Njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo lomkhuhlane, kufanele ube nenhlonipho enhle ngegciwane le-H1N1, kodwa asikho isizathu sokwesaba. Nakuba izinkinga ngisho nokufa kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthola uhlobo oluthile lomkhuhlane, ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka kuphela kubantu abaye bahlaselwa noma babuthakathaka amasosha omzimba. Ukuthola umgomo wakho wempuphu waminyaka yonke, ovikela ngeH1N1, ukugeza izandla njalo njalo, nokuhlala kude nabantu abathintekayo kungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthatha noma yikuphi ukugula komkhuhlane.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). 2009 H1N1 Flu: Ukuvuselelwa Kwesimo. UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. Kubuyekezwe ngoJuni 18, 2010.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). Amaqiniso Okubalulekile Ngezifo Zabantu Ngama-Virus ahlukile. UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. Kubuyekezwe ngomhla ka-21 Disemba, 2017.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). Umsuka we-2009 H1N1 Flu (I-Swine Flu): Imibuzo nezimpendulo. UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. Kubuyekezwe u-Novemba 25, 2009.
> Dawood FS, i-Iuliano AD, u-Reed C, et al. Kulinganiselwa Ukufa Komhlaba Wonke Okuhlanganyelwe Nezinyanga Zokuqala ezingu-12 Zonyaka wezi-2009 Umkhuhlane we-Influenza H1N1 Ukujikeleza Kwegciwane: Isifundo Sokulinganisa. I-Lancet: Izifo Ezithathelwanayo . September 2012; 12 (9): 687-95. i-doi: 10.1016 / S1473-3099 (12) 70121-4.
> Abasebenzi beMayo Clinic. I-Swine Flu (H1N1 Flu). I-Mayo Clinic. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Agasti 13, 2015.