Ukubheka ngokucophelela i-Top 5 Cancers ezibulalayo

by I-Naveed Saleh, MD, i-MS; Ibukezwe nguDoru Paul, MD

1 -

I-Cancer Ebulalayo Kuhlolwe

Amaseli e-Cancer ahlukanise, akhule futhi asakaze kuwo wonke umzimba. Uma odokotela bengakwazi ukulawula ukusabalala noma ama- metastase wamaseli omdlavuza, imiphumela yokufa.

Izinto ezihlukahlukene, zangaphakathi nangaphandle, zibangelwa umdlavuza. Izinto zangaphakathi zihlanganisa ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo, amahomoni, nezimo zomzimba. Izizathu zangaphandle zihlanganisa ukubhema, ukudla okunempilo, nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ngokuvamile, kuthatha iminyaka eminingana ngaphambi kokuba izinto ezinobungozi ziholele emdlalweni.

Ngokusho kwe- American Cancer Society , ngonyaka ka-2015, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amacala amasha angu-1 658.370 million omdlavuza aseMelika, kanti abantu abangu-589.430 bazofa lesi sifo.

Nakhu ama-cancer ayisihlanu abulalayo.

2 -

I-Cancer Deadestest # 1: I-Cancer Lung

I-Getty Images

Amacala aphethwe umdlavuza we-lung ne-bronchus ngo-2015: 221,200

Ukufa okufeziwe okubangelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye ne-bronchus ngo-2015: 158,040

Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu ekuqaleni beba nezifo eziphambili futhi ekugcineni bazofa ngesifo. Ukubhema-ingozi eguquguqukayo-kuyinto ede kakhulu futhi engeyona imbangela evame kakhulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokususelwa ekuhloleni okuncane, umdlavuza wamaphaphu uhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamangqamuzana nomdlavuza ongasona omncane wamaphaphu . Ngokuya ngohlobo kanye nesigaba somdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukwelashwa kungabandakanya ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiotherapy.

3 -

I-Cancer Deadestest # 2: I-Cancer Ebola

I-Getty Images

Amacala ahlolwe umdlavuza wokubala ngo-2015: 132,700

Ukufa okufeziwe okubangelwa umdlavuza wekoloni ngo-2015: 49,700

Ekuqaleni, umdlavuza we-colorectal uveza izimpawu ezimbalwa noma ezingekho. Uma uthathwa ngokushesha, umdlavuza wokugcoba ulashwa ngokukhuthaza amazinga okusinda oneminyaka emihlanu. Isibonelo, izindleko zokusinda zabanye abantu abanomdlavuza we-stereotype oqala ekuqaleni bangamaphesenti angaba ngu-90. Noma kunjalo, ukuze uqhubeke nomdlavuza we-colorectal, ukuhlolwa njenge-colonoscopy kuyadingeka. Ngeshwa, izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu lomdlavuza ohamba phambili liphansi kakhulu. Ngokuya ngesiteji nokusabalalisa komdlavuza wokulala, ukwelashwa kungafaka phakathi ukuhlinzeka, i-radiotherapy, i-chemotherapy noma i-embolization.

4 -

I-Cancer Deadestest # 3: Cancer Cancer

I-Getty Images

Amacala aphethwe umdlavuza webele ngo-2015: 234,190

Ukufa okufeziwe okubangelwa umdlavuza webele ngo-2015: 40,730

Umdlavuza wesibeletho ubangelwa ukukhula okumahla kwamangqamuzana afaka ama-lobules noma amathanga esifuba. Ngamaphesenti ayisithupha azo zonke izifo zomdlavuza webele abathinta abantu. Umdlavuza wesibeletho uvela ku-clone noma iseli eliguqulwe elilodwa. Ngokuvamile, kudinga isikhathi amaseli anjalo e-clonal ukuba ahlasele futhi ahlasele futhi ahlasele ngokugcwele.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi kusekelwe ezicini eziningi. Ngokubanzi, ukwelashwa kwemdlavuza webele kungabhekwa njenge-extensive (mastecotmy) noma i-breast-conserving (lumpectomy). Ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwendawo, ukwelashwa kwe-adjuvant noma kwesistimu kunikezwa nokuphatha abantu ngomdlavuza webele. Ukwelapha okunjalo ku-adjuvant kungabandakanya ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali noma i-hormone therapy. Ngenhlanhla, ngokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuxilonga nokwelapha, abantu abaningi ababhekene nomdlavuza webele basinda.

5 -

I-Cancer Deadestest # 4: I-Cancer Pancreatic

I-Getty Images

Amacala aphethwe umdlavuza we-pancreatic ngo-2015: 48,960

Ukufa okufeziwe okubangelwa umdlavuza we-pancreatic ngo-2015: 40,560

Umdlavuza we-Pancreatic ungomunye wezinto ezinomdlavuza kakhulu ezikhona. Ibulala ngokushesha futhi ishaya isiguli ngezimpawu eziningi ezibuhlungu neziyingozi ezifaka ubuhlungu besisu, ukuvinjelwa kwamabhilidi, ukuphuma kwamanzi, ama-ascites nokuningi. Naphezu kokucwaninga ngale ndaba, azikho izinketho ezinhle zokuhlola noma izindlela zokwelapha kubantu abanomdlavuza we-pancreatic.

6 -

I-Cancer Deadestest # 5: Cancer Cancer

Amacala aphethwe umdlavuza wesi-prostate ngo-2015: 220,800

Ukufa okuklanyelwe okubangelwa umdlavuza wesi-prostate ngo-2015: 27,540

I-prostate iyinkinga etholakala emadodeni kuphela. Lihlezi phakathi kwesikhumba esincane esiseduze phakathi kwe-rectum nesinye. I-prostate yenza uketshezi lwesisu okunomsoco okondla isilisa.

Umdlavuza we-prostate uvela emangqamuzaneni amancane futhi ngaleyo ndlela i- adenocarcinoma . Lesi sifo ngokuvamile sithinta amadoda asebekhulile futhi sivame kakhulu phakathi kwabase-Afrika baseMelika nalabo abanomlando womndeni wesifo. Iningi lama-cancer wesandulela ngculazi likhula kancane, futhi abantu abanomdlavuza wesifo sofuba bavame ukubhekwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa okunye. Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi abanomdlavuza we-prostate bafa ngezimbangela ezingafani ezifana nokuhlasela kwenhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-prostate kuhlanganisa nokususwa kokuhlinzwa (prostatectomy), ukwelashwa kwe-radiotherapy yangaphandle (radiotherapy) kanye ne-brachytherapy. I-Brachytherapy iyinkqubo lapho iod i-radioactive ifakwa khona ku-prostate.

Nakuba amadoda asebekhulile ayengabonakali ayeke ahlolwe njalo ngomdlavuza we-prostate ngokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-digital rectal kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-prostate-specific antigen (PSA), eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuhlola okunjalo kungavunyelwanga phakathi kochwepheshe abaningi bezokwelapha. Nakuba i-Medicare isaqhubeka ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa okunjalo, ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izinzuzo ezivela kuhlolwa okunjalo azidingeki.

_Imithombo:

_{I-American Cancer Society.} _{Amaqiniso Nama-Cancer 2015. www.cancer.org.}

_{Lippman ME.} _{Isahluko 90. Umdlavuza webele.} _{Ku: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds.} _{I-Harrison's Principals of Internal Medicine, 18e .} _{ENew York, NY: McGraw-Hill;} _2012.

_{UMorgensztern D, Govindan R, Perry MC.} _{Isahluko 97. I-Cancer Cancer.} _{Ku: Halter JB, Ouslander JG, Tinetti ME, Studenski S, High KP, Asthana S. eds.} _{I-Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, 6e .} _{ENew York, NY: McGraw-Hill;} _2009.

_{I-Pienta KJ.} _{Isahluko 96. Umdlavuza we-Prostate.} _{Ku: Halter JB, Ouslander JG, Tinetti ME, Studenski S, High KP, Asthana S. eds.} _{I-Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, 6e .} _{ENew York, NY: McGraw-Hill;} _2009.

Related Content

Fresh articles

Intresting articles