Incazelo ye-immunocompetent njengoba ihlobene nempilo yakho
Ngokwesayensi, ukungabi nokuzivikela komzimba kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba asebenza kahle nokuthi umzimba ungakwazi ukukhuphula impendulo efanele ye-immune, uma kudingekile.
Umuntu angakwazi ukuzivikela noma ukuzivivinya umzimba (lapho amasosha omzimba asebenza khona njengoba kufanele abe), kodwa hhayi kokubili ngesikhathi esisodwa.
I-Immune System
Zonke izilwane zenze amasosha omzimba aqinile avikela izifo ezithathelwanayo.
Ukuze usebenze kahle, isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba kufanele sikwazi ukubona abathintekayo bangaphandle (okusho amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, nama-parasites) futhi athumele abavikeli ukulwa ne-pathogen ehlaselayo. Izakhi zethu zegciwane zicacisa ukuthi yiziphi izinto zangaphandle ezithi izivikeli zethu zomzimba zizokwazi ukubona futhi zivikele (hhayi amagciwane).
Njengoba amagciwane angashintsha ngokushesha futhi aguqule, ngezinye izikhathi angagwema ukutholakala yisistimu yomzimba. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ungase uzizwe ugula, ugijime phansi, futhi unzima kanzima ukulwa nokugula okuthathe umzimba wakho.
Ngenhlanhla, isimiso sakho somzimba samasosha omzimba sinezimo eziningi zokuzivikela ezihlukene kanye nezimpendulo zokuqaphela nokunciphisa izinambuzane. Amasosha omzimba wakho angaphendula ezinambuzane ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Impendulo ye-immune-mediated cell lapho ama-T-lymphocytes (noma ama-T-cells-uhlobo lensimbi yegazi elimhlophe) edlala indima ebalulekile ekuqapheliseni nasekubopha kwamaseli athile afana namaseli anegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, amaseli ane-bacterium engena-intracellular, namaseli omdlavuza abonisa ukubola ama-antigens (ama-antigens angamaprotheni atholakala kuma-pathogens).
- Ukusabela kwamagciwane okuzivikela nge-B-lymphocytes (noma ama-B-cells) namaseli e-plasma (amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe ahlanganisa amakhemikhali amaningi) avikela kuma-bacterium kanye namagciwane emzimbeni womzimba ngokuthi "ukhumbule" abahlaseli futhi bakhiphe amasosha omzimba ukuze balwe nabo (yilokho okwakha khona ukuzivikela komzimba kwamanye amagciwane ngemuva kokwamukela umgomo waleso sifo).
Lapho amangqamuzana e-T namaseli B ebopha ama-antigens aqaphelayo, aba yi-immunocompetent ngokugcwele.
Kuthiwani Uma ungenayo i-Immunocompetent?
Isimo esingaphambene nokuzivikela ngokungenakuzivikela kungukuzivikela komzimba noma imithi-engakwazi ukuzivikela noma yokuzivikela. Kungase kube khona ezinye izimo zokugqekeza, kepha amagama alandelayo ahlaziya isistimu yomzimba engasebenzi ngokugcwele ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- I-Immunodeficient : Njengomntwana osanda kuzalwa umfana omzimba wakhe omzimba awusasebenzi ngokugcwele, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi waba nama-antibodies adluliselwa kuye unina.
- Immuno-engakwazi ukukwazi: Njengeziguli zomdlavuza ezine-system ehlulekile noma engaphumeleli. Odokotela bavame ukuphakamisa ukuthi izihlobo nabathintana nabo abaseduze nalabo abane-immuno-incompetence kufanele bagonywe uchungechunge lwezifo ezivamile.
- I-Immunocompromised: Iziguli ezamukelwayo zokuthutha ezithatha imishanguzo yokulwa nokulahlwa ukuze umzimba wabo ungabe unqabe isitho esinikeziwe kuthiwa ungenakuzivikela.
Iziguli ezinezinkinga ezingasenhla ezihlongozwe ngenhla ye-immune akufanele zithole imishanguzo ebukhoma, emisiwe, kungaba yi-viral noma ibhaktheriya. Futhi, imishanguzo engavumelekile ngokuvamile ihlinzeka ngezibonelelo ezigcwele ezigulini ezingenakuzivikela.
Izinkinga zokuzenzakalela
Uma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisonakele, kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisabela kuphela kubahlaseli (hhayi kuma-antigen osuka kumathisakhe womuntu) kodwa ngezinye izikhathi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela singasebenzi futhi sifunde izicubu zomzimba njengezinye izizwe. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sikwazi ukusabela ngokuzenzakalelayo, lapho senza ama-antibodies (okuthiwa i-autoantibodies) noma amasosha omzimba ahlasela izicubu zomzimba.
Uma i-autoantibodies eyanele idalwa, umzimba ungalimaza izicubu futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala, okwenza kube yi-disorder autoimmune. Kubantu abaningi, izibalo ezincane ze-autoantibodies zenziwa ukuthi i-autoimmune disorder ayikho. Kwabanye, bangase bathuthuke babe yinye yezinkinga eziningi ezizimele, njenge:
Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo nodokotela kuyodingeka ukuthi uhlolisise kahle izifo ezizimele ze-autoimmune.
Imithombo:
Impilo Yezingane Nezemvelo. Okthoba 2011. I-WHO Training Package ye-Health Sector World Health Organization.
UPeter J. Delves. Izinkinga zokuzenzakalela. Ama-Merk Manuals.