Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivamile zomdlavuza e-US?
Izinga lomthelela we-Cancer lihluka emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni. Ukudla nezinye izinto ezingokwemvelo kungathinta kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza. Isibonelo, umdlavuza wesisu ungase uvame eJapane kepha kubhekwa njengingavamile kuma-Unite States. Izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame izwe elilodwa zingase zingafani nenye.
E-US, uhlobo lomdlavuza kumele okungenani libe namacala angu-40,000 abikiwe okubhekwa njengoluhlobo oluvamile lomdlavuza.
Lesi sibalo sivame ukushintsha unyaka nonyaka. Isibonelo, ngo-2005, ukukhubazeka kwonyaka kwakufanele kube okungenani ama-25,000, kodwa ngo-2015, bekuyi-40,000. Lezi zibalo zihlanganiswa yi-American Cancer Society, ekhishwa umbiko wonyaka mayelana nomdlavuza nokukhubazeka. Bheka i-ACS Cancer Facts and Figures
I-Cancer Most Common in the United States
I-Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
Omunye kwabayisihlanu baseMelika uzokwakha umdlavuza wesikhumba ngesikhathi sokuphila, ngokusho kweS Skin Cancer Foundation. Balinganiselwa ukuthi izigidi ezingu-2,8 ze- basal cell carcinomas nezinkinga ezingu-700,000 ze- squamous cell carcinomas zitholwa njalo ngonyaka. Umdlavuza wesikhumba uhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: i- melanoma ne-non-melanoma. Umdlavuza wesikhumba ongeyona i-melanoma uvame kakhulu kune-melanoma futhi ingaphansi kokusongela ukuphila. Kodwa-ke, uma kushiywe kungalashwa noma kutholakale isikhathi sekwephuzile, umdlavuza wesikhumba ongeyona i-melanoma ingaba yingozi noma ukuphazamiseka.
Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene Zomdlavuza Ovame Ukutholakala E-US
Okulandelayo luhlu lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza otholakala e-United States. Izibalo zonyaka ka-2015 ngaphandle uma kuphawulwe.
Umdlavuza webele
Umdlavuza wesibeletho yilona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza kubantu besifazane (ngaphandle kwe-non-melanoma yomdlavuza wesikhumba). Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abesifazane abangu-231 840 namadoda angu-2350 bayotholakala benomdlavuza webele ngonyaka.
Impilo yebele kufanele ibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abesifazane, kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwebele kanye nokwenyuka kwama-mammogram. Nakuba umdlavuza wesikhumba uvame ukuzalwa, abesifazane abangenalo umlando womndeni wesifo bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele.
I-Cancer Lung
Ngaphandle kwe-non-melanoma isikhumba somdlavuza, umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngumdlavuza ovame ukutholakala phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane. Ngonyaka, kulindeleke ukuthi abantu abangu-221 200 bathole ukuthi banesifo. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuwukubhema. Ezinye izimbangela zikhona, njengokudonswa kwe-radon nezinye izimo zamakhemikhali, kodwa ukubhema kuyisici esiyinhloko engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
I-prostate Cancer
Umdlavuza we-prostate yisifo esithinta i-prostate gland, etholakala kuphela kumadoda. I-gland ubukhulu be-walnut futhi itholakala ngaphansi kwesigqila naphansi kwe-rectum. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza otholakala emadodeni (ngaphandle kwe-non-melanoma isikhumba somdlavuza wesikhumba), okulinganiselwa ukuthi u-220,800 ukuxilongwa okusha ngonyaka.
I-Colon Cancer
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangu-93 080 bayotholakala benomdlavuza wekoloni ngonyaka. Ngenhlanhla, ukutholakala kwangokokuqala kunokwenzeka ngokuhlola okufika ngesikhathi nangokujwayelekile.
Kunconywa ukuthi abantu abanengozini ejwayelekile baqala ukuhlolwa lapho beneminyaka yobudala engama-50 njalo eminyakeni eyishumi emva kwalokho.
I-Cancer Cancer
I-American Cancer Society inquma ukuthi abantu abangu-74 000 bayotholakala benomdlavuza wesinye isikhathi ngonyaka. Lapho kutholakala ezinyathelweni zokuqala, kuphethwe kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza wesibeletho, ezinye zivame kakhulu kunezinye. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesibeletho ngu-urothelial carcinoma, okubalwa cishe ngamaphesenti angama-90 omdlavuza wesibeletho.
I-Melanoma
I-Melanoma uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba oluthinta abantu abangaba ngu-5% abatholakala benomdlavuza wesikhumba, kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-73 800 ku-2015.
I-Melanoma nayo ibangelwa ngaphezu kuka-75% wabo bonke ukufa komdlavuza wesikhumba unyaka ngamunye. Ezimweni eziningi, i-melanoma ingavinjelwa ngokunciphisa ukutholakala kwezingozi zobungozi. I-Melanoma iyaphathwa uma itholakele kusenesikhathi.
I-Lymphoma engeyona i-Hodgkin
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kuka-71 850 bazohlolwa ukuthi baneNHL ngonyaka. Lesi sifo sithinta uhlelo lymphatic kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 ze-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa ukukhukhumeza ebusuku nokuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes.
I-Cancer Cancer
I-thyroid iyi-gland efana ne-butterfly ehlezi engxenyeni engezansi yentamo. Nakuba ubukhulu obuncane, ukuthi i-thyroid isebenza kahle kunomthelela omkhulu empilweni yethu. Inemisebenzi eminingi, kufaka phakathi ukulawulwa kwe-metabolism yethu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone. Kulindeleke ukuthi abantu abangu-62 450 batholakale benomdlavuza wegciwane ngonyaka.
I-Cancer Cancer (I-Renal Cell)
I-renal cell carcinoma uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wezinso, ukubalwa kwamacala angu-90% wesifo. E-renal cell carcinoma, amangqamuzana abulalayo akholelwa ukuthi avela emathunjini wezinso. I-American Cancer Society inquma ukuthi abangaphezu kuka-61,560 baseMelika bayotholakala ngonyaka.
I-leukemia
I-leukemia yisifo esithinta amangqamuzana akha igazi. Isimo somdlavuza esibonakala ngobuningi bamaseli egazi amhlophe angavamile emzimbeni. I-leukemia iqala emangeni yethambo futhi isakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Bobabili izingane kanye nabantu abadala bangakhula i-leukemia. Abangu-54 270 baseMelika bangatholakala ukuthi bane-leukemia ngonyaka.
I-Cancer Pancreatic
I-American Cancer Society inqume ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kuka-48 960 e-US bayotholakala benomdlavuza we-pancreatic ngonyaka. Cishe njalo ibulalayo, njengoba kuvame ukutholakala ngezigaba eziseduze. Lesi sifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esingaba nzima ukuyihlolisisa nokuphatha. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangu-40,560 bazofa ngomdlavuza we-pancreatic ngonyaka.
I-Cancer Endometrial
Umdlavuza we-Endometrial uqala e-endometrium, i-lining of the uterus kwabesifazane. Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza wesibeletho, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zithuthuka esibelethweni, nakuba zivame kakhulu. Umdlavuza we-Endometrial uvame ukutholakala kakhulu kwabesifazane abaye badlula esikhathini sokuya esikhathini, kodwa kungatholakala kulabo besifazane abasebasha. Kulindeleke ukuthi abesifazane abangaba ngu-43 000 banomdlavuza we-endometrial ngo-2010.
> Imithombo:
> "I-Skin Cancer Facts," I-Skin Cancer Foundation, ibuyekezwe ngoFebhuwari 9, 2015.
> I-American Cancer Society. Amaqiniso Nama-Cancer 2015. I-Atlanta: I-American Cancer Society; 2015.