Ukulungiswa Nezinqubo Ezibandakanyekile Ekuhlinzekeni KwamaGender Reassignment Surgery
Uma wena noma othandekayo ucabangela ukuhlinzwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokobulili, cishe uyazibuza ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okumelwe uzenze ngaphambi kokuba ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa. Ake sibheke ukuthi yini edingekayo ukuba abe ngumuntu ozokhethwa kulezi zindlela zokuhlinza, imiphumela emihle emihle kanye nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwe-hormonal, kanye nezinhlobo zokuhlinza ezitholakalayo.
Ukwelashwa Kokubuyiswa Kwezocansi (SRS)
Ukuhlinzekwa kabusha kobulili (GRS), ngokuyisisekelo wazi ukuthi ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzwa ngokocansi (SRS) kwenziwa kubantu abaguqukayo abanesifo sobulili ekubhekaneni nobulili babo obubonakalayo.
Ngokomlando, igama elithi transsexual lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza umuntu oye wathola uhlobo oluthile lwezokwelapha noma oluhlinzekwa ukwelashwa kabusha ngokobulili. Lokhu kungaba lapho owesifazane we-transgender eshintsha kusuka esilisa ukuya kwesilisa noma lapho indoda ye-transgender ishintsha kusuka kwabesifazane ukuya kwabesilisa.
Umehluko Phakathi 'Transgender' no 'Transsexual'
"I-Transgender" ibhekisela kubantu abathintekayo bobulili obuhlukile uma umuntu ebelethwe. Ubulili obubelwe ngokuvamile busekelwe ekubukeni kwezitho zangasese zangaphandle. Abantu be-Transgender kungenzeka noma bangenanga ukuhlinzwa ngokuya ocansini. I-Transgenderism ibhalwe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.
"I-Transsexual" ibhekisela kubantu abafuna noma abahlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ukuze bashintshe ukubonakala kofuzo lwabo lokuzalwa njengendlela yokunciphisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwabo ngokobulili.
Izizathu Zokuthi Umuntu Ubhekene Nokuhlinzwa Kokuvuselelwa Kokuya ocansini
Abaningi be-transgender babhekene nokungahambisani kahle phakathi kobulili obuhlangenwe nakho kanye nobulili obunikiwe.
I-American Psychiatric Association (APA) ibone lokhu njengesifo sobulili. Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili kungabangela abantu ukuba babhekane nokukhungatheka okukhulu nokukhubazeka kumazinga ezenhlalo nezomuntu siqu. Kulaba bantu ngabanye, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba sobulili, ukwelashwa kwe-hormone, nokuhlinzwa kocansi ngokuphindaphindiwe kwemvume kuvumela ukubonakala kwangaphandle ukufanisa lokho abazizwa ngaphakathi.
Ukuguqulwa kwesinye isini
"Ukuguqula" kwesinye ubulili kungahlanganisa:
- Ukugqoka nokuhlala ebudeni bobulili obuhambisana nokuzibandakanya kobulili ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuthatha ama-hormone ocansi kanye / noma ukuhlinzwa ngokukhishwa noma ukuguqula izitho zangasese nezitho zokuzala.
Izinyathelo Ezidingekayo Ngaphambi Kokubekwa Kwesondo Ngesifo sobulili noma Ukuhlinzekwa Kwama-Gender-Affirming Surgery
Ngaphezu kokuqonda okuphelele kwezinqubo, ama-hormone, nezinye izingozi ezihilelekile kulezi zinhlobo zokusebenza, kunezinye izinyathelo okumelwe zenziwe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Izinyathelo ezidingekayo zingabandakanya:
- Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo yengqondo: Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo yengqondo kuyadingeka ukubheka noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka kwezempilo yengqondo okungathonya isimo sengqondo somuntu, nokuhlola ukulungela komuntu ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo wokuguquka.
- Imibhalo ecacile futhi engaguquguquki yokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili.
- Isivivinyo "sokuphila kwangempela": Umuntu kufanele athathe indima yezocansi ezifunayo emisebenzini yansuku zonke, kokubili emphakathini nasemisebenzini (eyaziwa ngokuthi "isipiliyoni sempilo yangempela" noma "ukuhlolwa kwangempela-ukuphila").
Indima ye-Hormone Therapy ekuguqulweni
Kulabo abenza isivumelwano sokufuna ukuhlinzeka ngocansi, ukuhlinzeka nge-hormone therapy (HT), okuthiwa i-hormone replacement therapy (HRT), kuhilela ukuthatha i-estrogen kumuntu wesifazane ukuguqulwa kwesifazane noma i-testosterone yowesifazane ekuguqulweni kwamadoda.
I-hormone therapy ingasetshenziswa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokushintshwa kokuhlinzwa kwesinye ubulili.
Inhloso yokwelashwa kwe-hormone ukushintsha ukubonakala komzimba kuleyo yebulili oyifunayo.
Imiphumela ye-Testosterone kuma-females
Uma owesifazane ophilayo eqala ukuthatha u- testosterone , izinguquko zifaka kokubili ukunciphisa izici zesondo zobulili kanye nokwanda kwezici zesilisa zocansi.
Izinguquko zomzimba zihlanganisa:
- Intshevu namamadevu ukukhula
- Ukujuliswa kwezwi
- Ukwandiswa kwe-clitoris
- Ukukhula kwezinwele zomzimba
- Ukwanda kwamasipha kanye namandla
- Ukwandisa inani lamaseli abomvu obomvu
- Ukwenziwa kabusha kwamafutha avela emabeleni, ezinqulwini nasezinthangeni endaweni yangasese
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-acne, efana nokukhulelwa kwesilisa
- Ukuhlanzeka noma ukulahlekelwa izinwele zendawo, ikakhulukazi emathempelini nomqhele wekhanda
- I-Atrophy yesibeletho kanye nama-ovarie, okuholela ekuhlulekeni ukuba nezingane
Izinguquko zokuziphatha zifaka:
- Ukucindezela
- Ukwandiswa kobulili
Imiphumela Ye-Estrogen Kwamadoda
Lapho owesilisa ophilayo eqala ukuthatha i- estrogen , izinguquko zihlanganisa kokubili ukunciphisa izici zesilisa zocansi kanye nokwanda kwezici zesifazane.
Izinguquko emzimbeni zihlanganisa:
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwebele
- Ukulahlekelwa kokulungiswa
- Shrinkage yamathambo
- Nciphisa induna
- Ukunciphisa izinwele zomzimba nobuso
- Ukunciphisa ubukhulu bemisipha namandla
- Isikhumba esincane futhi esishelele
- Ukuphungulwa kwe-balding
- Ukwenziwa kabusha kwamafutha kusukela esiswini kuya ezinkalweni, emathangeni nasezintweni
Izinguquko zokuziphatha zifaka:
- Ukunciphisa ukushayela ucansi
- I-Mood iyashintsha
Ngabe Imiphumela Ye-Hormone Therapy Iyabonakala Ngini?
Imiphumela yesifazane ye-estrogen kanye nemiphumela emihle ye-testosterone ingavela emva kokulinganisa kokuqala kokulinganisa, nakuba kungase kube neminyaka eminingana ngaphambi kokuba umuntu aguquke ngokunethezeka. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukisweni kwebele.
Indlela Yokuhlinzwa Yokubuyiswa Kwezocansi Kude Kangakanani?
Ukuhlinzwa kubambezeleka kuze kube yilapho okungenani ngonyaka owodwa emva kokuqala kokwelashwa kwe-hormone futhi okungenani eminyakeni emibili ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokuqala kwengqondo yengqondo. Uma izinqubo zokuhlinzwa seziqala, isikhathi sesikhathi sokuqeda sichaza ngokuya kwenani lezinqubo ezifunwayo, isikhathi sokutakula, nokuningi.
Ukuhlinzwa Kuhilelekile Ekuguqulweni Kwesilisa Kwabesifazane
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlinzwa okubandakanyeka ekuhlinzekeni ngokocansi kuhlaselwa kulabo okwenzeka ngaphezu kwebhande (ukuhlinzwa okuphezulu) nalabo abangaphansi kwebhande (ukuhlinzeka ngezansi). Akuwona wonke umuntu owela kuzo zonke lezi zindlela zokuhlinza, kodwa izinqubo ezingacatshangelwa zibalwe ngezansi.
Ukuhlinzwa okuphezulu kuhlanganisa:
- Ukwandiswa kwesisu
- Ubuso besifazane
- Ukuhlinzeka nge-neose: I-Rhinoplasty ingenziwa ukuze unciphise impumulo bese ilungisa iphuzu.
- Amashiya: Ukuphakanyiswa kwekhanda kungenziwa ukuze kuhambisane nokuvinjelwa kanye nesimo samashiya.
- Ukuhlinza ngo-Jaw: Ithambo lesifuba lingase lihlutswe phansi ukuze livelele ngokwengeziwekazi.
- Ukunciphisa kwe-Chin: Isakhiwo sezinsikazi zesifazane ngokuvamile siyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke ukunciphisa umzimba kungenziwa.
- I-Cheekbones: I-cheekbones ingathuthukiswa, kaningi nge-injenjini ye-collagen kanye namanye amasu okuhlinzwa epulasitiki.
- Izindebe: Iphunga eliphakanyisiwe lingenziwa.
- Ukudalwa kwezinwele zezinwele zezinsikazi.
- Ukukhishwa kwezinwele zamadoda
- Ukunciphisa i-apula ka-Adam
- Ukuhlinzwa kwezwi ukuguqulwa
Ukuhlinzwa okuphansi kuhlanganisa:
- Ukususwa kwe-penis (penectomy) ne-scrotum (orchiectomy)
- Ukudalwa kwe-vagin and labia (femitzing genitoplasty)
Yikuphi Ukwelashwa Okubalulekile Ekuguqulweni Kwesifazana Kuya Kwesilisa?
Njengaye besilisa ekushintsheni komuntu wesifazane, ukuguqulwa kocansi kuhilela ukuhlinzwa okuphezulu kanye nokuhlinzwa okuphansi.
Ukuhlinzwa okuphezulu kuhlanganisa:
- Ukuhlinzekwa okuncane kwamathambo / ukunciphisa kwebele
Ukuhlinzwa okuphansi kuhlanganisa:
- Ukususwa kwesibeletho nama-ovari
- Ukudalwa kwe-penis ne-scrotum (i-genitoplasty ye-masculinizing)
Izinkinga kanye nemiphumela emibi
I-SRS ayinayo ingozi kanye nezinkinga ezingenzeka. Ukwelashwa kwe-Estrogen kuye kwahlotshaniswa nobungozi obukhulu bezindwangu zegazi (i- vein thrombosis ejulile kanye ne- pulmonary emboli ) yabesifazane be-transgender. Kukhona futhi ingozi yokwandisa umdlavuza webele, ngisho nangama-hormone esiyazi ukuthi abesilisa bangaba nomdlavuza webele. Ukusetshenziswa kobufakazi be-Testosterone kuma-transgender amadoda kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwegazi, ukuvimbela i-insulin, kanye nokungafani kahle kwe-lipid, nakuba kungaqiniseki kahle ukuthi lezi zinguquko zidlala kanjani ekuthuthukiseni isifo senhliziyo.
Ngokuhlinzwa, kunezingozi zokuhlinzwa ezifana nokuphuma kwegazi nokutheleleka, kanye nemiphumela emibi ye-anesthesia . Labo abacabangela lezi zelashwa kufanele babe nengxoxo ngokucophelela nodokotela wabo mayelana nezingozi ezingase zihlobene ne-hormone therapy kanye nokuhlinzwa.
Izindleko Zama-RS Reassignment Surgery (SRS) Ngakanani?
I-SRS ingaba yindleko eqondile kubantu abaningi abanecala. Izindleko ezifaka ukululekwa, ama-hormone, i-electrolysis, kanye nemisebenzi ingaba ngaphezu kwama- $ 100,000. Kuyinto engabizi kakhulu ukuguquka kusuka kwendoda kuya kwabesifazane kunokuba isuka kwesilisa kuya kwendoda. Umshuwalense wezempilo ngezinye izikhathi uhlanganisa ingxenye yezindleko. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokufakwa komshuwalense kanye nemikhombandlela ye-WPATH ngokuphathelene nokuhlinzekwa ngokubuyiswa kobulili.
Ikhwalithi Yokuphila Ngemva Kokuvuselelwa Kwezesondo
Ikhwalithi yokuphila ibonakala iyathuthuka emva kokuhlinzwa kokuqinisa ubulili kokubili kubantu abaguquka kusukela kwabesilisa kuya kwabesilisa nalabo abaguquka kusukela besilisa kuya kwabesifazane. Ucwaningo olulodwa luka-2017 lwathola ukuthi ukwaneliseka okwenziwe ukwelashwa kwavela kuma-94% kuya ku-100%. Njengoba kunezinyathelo eziningi futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzeka okungathandeki okubandakanyekayo, le nombolo isekela izinzuzo ze-SRS kulabo abazizwa ukuthi kuyona engcono kakhulu.
Ngaphansi kwezokwelapha zokubuyiswa kwesondo
Ukuhlinzwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokocansi kuyinkqubo ende eqala ngokululekwa nokuhlolwa kwezempilo yengqondo ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi ngabe umuntu ngokucacile uphethwe yini ngesifo sobulili. Emva kwalokhu kuqedile, ukwelashwa kwama-hormone kuqalile nge-testosterone kulabo abaguqukayo besifazane kuya kubayeni kanye ne-estrogen kulabo abaguquka kusukela besilisa kuya kwabesifazane. Ezinye izinguquko zomzimba nezokuziphatha ezihambisana nokwelashwa kwamakhompiyutha zibalwe ngenhla.
Ngemuva kokuba ukwelashwa kwe-hormone kuqhutshwe okungenani ngonyaka owodwa, izinqubo eziningi zokuhlinzwa zingacatshangwa. Lezi zihlukumezekile zibe "izinqubo eziphezulu" nezinqubo "ezansi".
I-SRS iyabiza, kodwa ukulinganisa okucacile kunzima ngenxa yezinguquko eziningi ezibandakanya izinkinga ezingenzeka kanye nenani kanye nobukhulu bokuhlinzwa okhethiwe. Ukuthola udokotela ohlinzayo ogxila kwi-SRS yedwa futhi uye wenza eziningi zalezi zinqubo kuhlanganisa.
Kulabo abalandela lezi zinyathelo zokulungiselela, ukwelashwa kwama-hormone, nokuhlinzwa, izinga lokuphila libonakala lihle, futhi abantu abaningi basho ukuthi bazophinde baphinde bafunde i-SRS.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychological Association. Abantu be-Transgender, i-Gender Identity, nokuveza kobulili. http://www.apa.org/topics/lgbt/transgender.aspx
> Colebunders, B., Brondel, S., D'Arpa, S., Hoebeke, P., noS S. Monstrey. Isibuyekezo Esihlinzekwe Ukwelashwa Okuhlinzekwa Iziguli Ze-Transgender. Ukubuyekeza Imithi Yezocansi . 2017. 5 (1): 103-109.
> I-Streed, i-C., i-Harfouch, i-O., i-Marvel, i-F., i-Blumenthal, i-R., i-Martin, i-S., no-M. Mukherjee. Izifo Zezinhliziyo Phakathi Kwabantu Abadala Be-Transgender Abathola Ukwelashwa Kwe-Hormone: Ukubukeza Okulandelanayo. Ama-Annal of Medicine yangaphakathi . 2017. 167 (4): 256-267.
> van de Grift, T., Elaut, E., Cerwenka, S., Cohen-Kettenis, P., no B. Kreukels. Ukwaneliseka okuhlinzekwayo, ikhwalithi yokuphila, kanye nomhlobo wabo emva kokubeletha ukuqinisa ubulili: isifundo sokulandelela. I-Journal ye-Sex and Treatment Therapy . 2017 Meyi 4. (Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta).