Akukho Ukuhlinzwa Kungakhululwa, Kodwa Yiziphi Izingozi?
Ukuqonda Izingozi Zokuhlinzwa
Uma uhlela ukuhlinzwa ukukhathazeka kwakho okukhulu kufanele kube umphumela wokugcina - uzozizwa kanjani emva kokuhlinzwa kwakho kuqediwe? Ukulungiselela ukuhlinzwa kwakho, okungukuthi ukuqonda izingozi obhekana nazo nokuthi unganciphisa kanjani lezo zingozi, kuyisihluthulelo sokuthola kahle okukhulu nomphumela wokugcina.
Izinga lakho lengozi lihlukile njengeminwe yakho yeminwe.
Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo angakutshela kabanzi ngezinga lakho lokubeka ingozi, uma ucabangela imibuzo enjengale:
- Ingabe ungumuntu ophethwe ukwelashwa okweqile noma omele ukhetho oluphansi?
- Ingabe impilo yakho ingathuthukiswa ngenqubo noma ingabe izingozi zingaphezu kwemiphumela?
- Zikhona izindlela ezingcono zokuhlinzwa?
- Ingabe umzimba wakho ungabekezelela i-anesthesia?
- Ingabe ingozi yokuhlinzwa ingaphezu kwemiphumela engaba khona?
- Ingabe usengozini yokuba ngomoya ohlala isikhathi eside?
- Ingabe inhliziyo yakho namaphaphu akho akwanele ngokwanele ekuhlinzekeni?
Ayikho ukuhlinzwa okungenabungozi, kodwa ukuqonda izinkinga ezikhona kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ohlinzayo wenze isinqumo esingcono.
Khuluma nodokotela wakho odokotela
Masinyane ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho udokotela ohlinzayo uzohlangana nawe futhi achaze izingozi ezingase zibe khona zokuhlinzwa kwakho. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi "imvume evumisekile" futhi kuyadingeka, kepha ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemuva kwesikhathi ukusiza ekuhleleni.
Ingxoxo yezingozi ezizobhekana nazo kufanele zenzeke ngaphambi kosuku lokuhlinzwa.
Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokunciphisa ingozi ukukhetha udokotela ohlinzayo owenza inqubo njalo esikhungweni esaziwa kokubili udokotela ohlinzayo kanye nokuhlinzwa. Kufanele futhi ulungele ukubuza imibuzo ngesikhathi uvakashele ehhovisi ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Izingozi Ezivamile Zokuhlinzeka:
Izinkinga ze-Anesthesia Phakathi Nokuhlinzwa
Izinkinga eziningi eziphakama ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ziwumphumela wokuhlinza, hhayi i-sedation yenqubo.
Nakuba kungavamile, kunenkinga enkulu kakhulu engenzeka uma isiguli sithinta izidakamizwa ze- anesthesia .
Izinkinga eziningi ezihlotshaniswa ne-anesthesia zihlobene nenqubo ye- intubation , noma ukufaka ithubhu yokuphefumula. Ukuphefumula , noma ukuphefumula noma uketshezi emaphashini, kungaba inkinga, ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ezinye iziguli nazo zithola izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo eliphakeme noma ukuphakama kwengcindezi yegazi phakathi nenqubo.
Inkinga yokuqwashisa kwe- anesthesia kuye kwaxoxwa okuningi kwizindaba, kodwa ukuvuka ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma ukuphaphama kulo lonke ukuhlinzwa, kuyinto engavamile kakhulu uma i-anesthesia inikezwa i- anesthesiologist noma umhlengikazi obhalisiwe obhalisiwe (i-CRNA) eqinisekisiwe .
I-hyperthermia engalungile , ukusabela ekuhloleni kwe-anesthesia okubangela ukushisa kwesiguli ukuba kukhule ngokushesha, ukuphila kuyingozi. Isiguli esine-hyperthermia embi esikhathini esedlule sinengozi enkulu futhi kufanele sixoxisane ngale ndaba nomhlinzeki wabo wokuhlinza nomhlinzeki we-anesthesia.
Izinkinga zokuphulukisa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa
Ukuphuma kwegazi kulindeleke ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, kodwa ukuphuma ngaphandle kwemali evamile kungenza ukumpompela kudingekile. Uma ukuphuma kwegazi kunzima ngokwanele ukudala inhlekelele, ukuhlinzwa kungase kupheliswe noma ukumpompela okukhulu kungadingeka.
Ezinye izinkolo zingavumeli ukumpontshelwa igazi, inkinga okumele ixoxwe nodokotela ohlinzayo ngaphambi kokuhlela inqubo. Ukuhlinzwa ngaphandle kwegazi , okusho ukuthi kube nenqubo yokuhlinza ngaphandle kokuphatha imikhiqizo yegazi, kuyaba njalo njalo ngonyaka.
Izindwangu zegazi zibangelwa ukuhlinzwa
Ama-clots egazi, ngokuvamile okuthiwa i- thrombosis ejulile ye-vein (DVT) yingozi enkulu yokuhlinzwa. Ama-clots angaqala endaweni yokuhlinza noma abangelwe ukungasebenzi esikhathini sokuphumula.
Iningi leziguli ezithumela phambili zinikezwa imithi, njenge- heparin , "ukunciphisa igazi" ukusiza ekuvimbeleni ukwakhiwa kwezindwangu. I-clot (s) ingaba yinkimbinkimbi ebalulekile uma iqala ukuhamba ngegazi futhi ingene emaphashini, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-pulmonary embolus, noma ebuchosheni, obangela ukushaywa noma "ukuhlaselwa kobuchopho".
Iziguli ezine-DVT yangaphambilini zisengozini enkulu yezindwangu ezengeziwe futhi kufanele zenze udokotela wabo ohlinzayo azi ngalesi simo.
Ukufa Ngenxa Yokuhlinzwa
Zonke izindlela zokuhlinza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zikhethe noma ziyadingeka, zithwala ingozi yokufa. Ukuhlinzwa okudinga ukuyeka inhliziyo kuyoba nenengozi enkulu kunokuhlinzwa ukukhipha amathani , kodwa kokubili kungabangela ukufa.
Ukuhlinzeka ngamathambo, ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo ukusindisa impilo yesiguli esilimele oyofa ngaphandle kokungenelela, yisibonelo sokuhlinzwa okuphakeme kakhulu. Kulesi simo, kungenzeka ukuthi usinde ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ngokungafani nokuqinisekiswa kokufa ngaphandle.
Uma ucabangela inqubo engeyona ebalulekile, njengokuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki, ukungathí sina kokuhlinzekwa kufanele kucatshangelwe uma kunquma ngenqubo.
Ukuphulukiswa Kweqile Ngemva Kokuhlinzwa
Ezinye iziguli zithatha isikhathi eside ukuphulukisa kunabanye, ikakhulukazi abantu abanezifo ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Isiguli esinesifo esingelapheki , inkinga yokuzivikela komzimba, noma ukugula emasontweni ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kungase kube nokuhlala esibhedlela isikhathi eside futhi isikhathi sokuthola isikhathi esinzima kakhulu.
Abashukela abayisifo sikashukela abahlinzwa ngokuvamile banesikhathi eside sokuphulukisa, ikakhulukazi uma amazinga kashukela egazi alawulwa kahle. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abanesifo sikashukela kumele bahlole ngokucophelela izingozi kanye nemivuzo yokuhlinzwa, kuhlanganise nezinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngesikhathi sokuphumula.
Kunzima Ukuphuza Ngemva Kokuhlinzwa
Iziguli eziningi zingasuswa emshinini wokuphefumula, noma umoya womoya , ekupheleni kokuhlinzwa. Ezinye iziguli zingadinga i-ventilator isikhathi eside. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, iziguli kumele zihanjiswe endaweni yokuvuselela ngenhloso yokuqinisa ukuphefumula kwazo kuze kube yilapho zikwazi ukususwa ku-ventilator ngokuphelele.
Iziguli ezisengozini enkulu yokuhlala e-ventilator yizo eziphethe izifo zomshukela, ababhemayo, iziguli ezigula njalo neziguli ezidinga ukwesekwa kwe-ventilator ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Izifo Emva Kokuhlinzwa
Kukhona ingozi yokutheleleka noma nini isikhumba, umgoqo wemvelo ekutheleleni, kuvulwa. Ukugxeka okuhlinzekwayo kwakha ithuba elikhulu lokutheleleka ukungena emzimbeni, yize ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa endaweni ehlanzekile kakhulu.
Isiguli esinesifo esenza ukuthi isidingo sokuhlinzeka sisengozini enkulu yokwehliswa ngegciwane noma ukutheleleka kwegazi futhi kufanele sikwazi ukubona izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo esibucayi .
Iziguli eziningi zizothola antibiotics ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka. Abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazosebenzisa nokuqapha okukhethekile lapho beshintsha ukugqoka ukuze basize ukuvimbela izifo .
Ukulimala Phakathi Nokuhlinzwa
Uma ukuhlinzwa kunengozi ukuthi izingxenye zomzimba zizolimala kule nqubo. Isibonelo, isiguli esisebenza ngokuhlinzwa ukuze sisuse isithasiselo sayo singase sibe nokulimala ngengozi emathunjini, ehlanganiswe nesithasiselo.
Lolu hlobo lokulimala lungatholakala ngesikhathi senqubo futhi lulungiswe ngokushesha noma lungaba yinkinga ngesikhathi sokuphumula lapho abasebenzi bezokwelapha bebona inkinga.
Uma ukulimala kunzima ngokwanele, ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe kungadingeka.
Ukukhubazeka Kubangelwa Ukuhlinzwa
Enye yezinkinga ezinzima kakhulu, ukukhubazeka kuyinto engavamile kodwa kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobuchopho nokuhlinzwa komgogodla. Kuncike ekutheni indawo kanye nendawo yokuhlinzwa, ingozi yokukhubazeka ingase ibe mkhulu.
Ukuhlinza ukukhipha inqwaba ekhonjiswe emthonjeni womgogodla noma ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa i-disc embi emgodini kuyoba nengozi ephezulu yokukhubazeka kunokuhlinzwa kwesisu njengoba udokotela ohlinzayo esebenza ngokuqondile nomgogodla.
Imiphumela Embi Ngemva Kokuhlinzwa
Umphumela ophuthumayo wokuhlinzwa ungabandakanya ukonakala okunzima, isidingo sokuhlinzwa okungeziwe noma inqubo enganikeli ngemiphumela oyifunayo. Uma okulindelekile kwesiguli kungokoqobo futhi imiphumela ayamukeleki, kungase kube nesikhathi esibalulekile kanye nezindleko ezihilelekile ekuxazululeni inkinga.
Kwezinye izimo, imiphumela emibi ayikwazi ukuvinjelwa, ikakhulukazi uma inkinga ibi kakhulu kunalokho okulindeleke uma ukuhlinzwa kuqala noma uma izinkinga ezengeziwe zitholakala uma kwenzeka ukukhishwa.
Okunye ukuhlinzekwa kufanele kufushane uma isiguli singabekezeli inqubo, isinqumo kunokuba singathinta umphumela jikelele.
Umphumela omubi wokuthi iphutha lohlinzayo lingavinjelwa uma udokotela ohlinzayo owaziwa ngenqubo ekhethiwe. Ezimweni lapho kubonakala sengathi umphumela ompofu uphoqele udokotela ohlinzayo ohlinzayo wesibili angadinga ukubonisana ukuze axoxe ngokuqhubekayo nokwelapha.
Ubungani nokuxuba emva kokuhlinzwa
Iziguli eziningi zithola ubuchopho futhi zigubha ezungeze indawo yazo yokuhlinzeka, ngoba ezinye ziyisimo sesikhashana; abanye bakuthola ukuthi kuyinkinga engapheli. Ukudala ukuchotshozwa kudinga ukuthi udokotela ohlinzayo anqume izinzwa, ezithumela imiyalezo phakathi komzimba nobuchopho. Uma izinzwa ezanele zinqunywe, indawo eseduze nendawo yokuhlinzeka ingase ibe nokuphazamiseka noma ukuzwa okukhenkisayo.
Kuncike endaweni yokulimala, le nerve ingase ivuselele, ivumele inzwa ukuthi ibuyele endaweni phezu kwamasonto noma izinyanga. Kwamanye amacala, ukulimala kwamagundane kungase kube mkhulu kakhulu ukuze umzimba ulungiswe, okuholela ekungeneni okungapheli noma ekutheni.
Ukuqhekeka Ngemva Kokuhlinzwa
Ukwehlukanisa emva kokuhlinzwa akuvimbeki njalo, ikakhulukazi uma ukuqubuka okukhulu noma ukucubungula okuningi kufanele kwenziwe. Zonke iziguli ezinomngcipheko wokukhipha ingozi. Ekuhlinzekeni okukhethiwe njengokuhlinzekwa kwepulasitiki, ukonakala okusobala kungaba yinkinga enkulu kakhulu njengoba ukuhlinzeka ngokuvamile kwenziwa endaweni ebonakala kwabanye.
Iziguli zinomthwalo obalulekile ekuvikeleni ukonakala. Ukulandela iziyalezo ezivela kudokotela ohlinzayo kubalulekile. Iziyalezo zivame ukufaka izindlela eziqondile kakhulu zokunakekelwa kwezilonda nokuyeka ukubhema ngaphambi nokuqhubeka ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
Abahlinzayo abahlinzeka ngamapulasitiki ngokuvamile badinga iziguli zabo ukuba ziyeke ukubhema okungenani amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ngoba izifundo zibonise ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ababhemayo baye babulala okubi nakakhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Uma isiguli sikhetha ukuyeka ukubhema nokuthola imiphumela emisha, udokotela akanakho ukulawula kulo mphumela.
Ukukhetha udokotela ohlinzayo omuhle futhi ulandele imiyalelo kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukucheka okuncane. Ezimweni zokwehluleka okubangelwa ikhono lokuhlinzwa elibi, kungase kudingeke udokotela ohlinzayo odinga ukulungisa umonakalo obangelwayo.
Ukukhukhuma nokukhuphuka emva kokuhlinzwa
Indawo yokuqothula nokuvuvukala kubhekwa njengengxenye evamile yokucubungula emva kokuhlinzwa.
Ubukhulu bungathonywa yizici eziningi ezibandakanya uhlobo lokuhlinzwa, inani lamandla adingekayo ukuqedela ukuhlinzeka, ukugqama kwesiguli kanye nohlobo lokunakekelwa olunikezwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
Ukucindezeleka kwamazinyo nezinye izixazululo ezilula kungasheshisa inqubo yokuphulukisa ngenkathi ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezithile zemithi kungenza ukulimaza kube kubi kakhulu. Lokhu okukhathazayo kufanele kukhulunywe nodokotela.
Ngezinqubo eziningi, udokotela ohlinzayo kufanele akwazi ukunikeza isilinganiso esijwayelekile sokuthi ukulimaza nokuvuvukala kufanele kuphele ngokuphelele.
Izinkomba:
> Ukulungiselela Ukuhlinzwa - Izingozi. I-American Society of Anesthesiologists. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Mashi, 2018. https://www.asahq.org/whensecondscount/preparing-for-surgery/risks/