Ukuhlinzekwa kobulili ukuqinisekiswa yisikhathi sesambulela kunoma yikuphi ukuhlinzeka okwenziwe ngabantu abahlukumezayo noma abesilisa abangabambisani bobulili ukuvumelanisa imizimba yabo ekuzileni kwabo ngokobulili. Ukuhlinzekwa kokuqinisekisa ubulili kubuye kwaziwa ngamanye amagama amaningi kuhlanganise nokuhlinzekwa kokulingana ngokobulili , ukuhlinzekwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokobulili , nokuhlinzwa kocansi.
Nakuba ukuhlinzwa kokuhlinzwa ngokobulili nokuguqulwa kobulili kungumqondo owaziwa kangcono, akuwona amagama aphakanyiswa amalungu amaningi omphakathi.
Kungani? Ukuhlinzekwa kabusha kokuziphatha ngokobulili kusho ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuguqula ubulili bomuntu, uma empeleni kufanisa umzimba kumuntu wobulili. Ukuhlinzwa kokushintsha kocansi kuncike esikhathini esithile njenge-term, futhi kuza nomlando onenkinga. Nokho, wonke la magama asetshenziselwa izimo ezihlukahlukene.
Ukufinyelela kanye Nentshisekelo ekuhlinzekeni kokuqinisekiswa kobulili
Akuzona zonke izithandani, okungezona zobuningi, kanye nobunikazi bobulili abantu abafuna ukuhlinzwa ukuze bavumelanise imizimba yabo kubunikazi bazo. Abanye abantu banelisekile ngezinketho zomphakathi noma zezokwelapha. Abanye bafuna ukuhlinzwa okulodwa noma ngaphezulu , kodwa kungenzeka noma bangakwazi ukufinyelela kubo. Ucwaningo olunzulu lwezizwe zabakwa-transgender lathola ukuthi:
- Amaphesenti angama-55 abesilisa be-transgender ayekade efuna noma afuna i-neovaginoplasty (ukudala ubulili)
- Amaphesenti angu-44 abesilisa be-transgender ayekade efuna noma efuna ukunakekelwa kwebele
- Amaphesenti angama-45 abesifazane besonto ababenabo noma babefuna ubukazi besisu
- Amaphesenti angu-33 wabesifazane abahlukumezekile babengafuni noma bafuna ukuthunga
- Amaphesenti angama-49 abesifazane besonto ababenayo noma bafuna i-orchiectomy (ukususwa kwe-testes)
- Amaphesenti angama-22 e-transgender amadoda ayenayo noma ayefuna i-phalloplasty (ukudala ipeni)
- Amaphesenti angaba ngu-27 abantu abahlukumezekile bebefuna noma bafuna i-metoidoplasty / metaidoioplasty (ukuhlinza ukushintsha ukuma kwe-clitoris kumuntu olingisa isikhundla sephisisi)
- Amaphesenti angu-97 angamadoda angama-transgender aye noma afuna ukuvuselelwa kwesifuba noma i-mastectomy
- Amaphesenti angama-71 alabo abesilisa abesilisa ababenayo noma babefuna i- hysterectomy
Izindleko ngenye yezizathu ezinkulu abantu abanokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ekuhlinzekeni kokuqinisekisa ubulili. Ngokomlando, lezi zinqubo azange zihlanganiswe nezinkampanini eziningi zomphakathi zomshuwalense noma zomshoshaphansi . Ngenhlanhla, lokho kuyashintsha. Manje kukhona izinkampani zomshuwalense zomphakathi nezangasese ezihlanganisa ezinye, noma zonke, izinketho zokuhlinzekwa kobulili zokuqinisekisa. Ngeshwa, lokho kutholakala kuvame ukuza nama-hoops amaningi ukuze udlulisele iziguli ezithakazelisayo. Ayitholakali kubo bonke abantu kuzo zonke izifundazwe.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ekunciphiseni ukufinyelela ekuhlinzekeni yinani elincane labodokotela abaqeqeshwe ukwenza lezi zindlela zokuhlinzwa. Laba odokotela, ikakhulukazi abanolwazi, bavame ukukhishwa izinyanga noma iminyaka kusengaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi babo abawuthathi umshwalense. Ngenhlanhla, njengoba ukuhlinzekwa kwe-inshuwalense yokuhlinzekwa kokuqinisekisa ubulili kuye kwanda, ngakho-ke udokotela unesithakazelo ekuqeqesheni. Manje kukhona okungenani oyedwa abaqeqeshwa esibhedlela esibhedlela abahlali ekwenzeni i-neovaginoplasty. Ngcono nakakhulu, bayamukela umshuwalense ukukhokhela inqubo.
Okokugcina, kunomlando omude wokubandlulula kanye nokunciphisa izigulane zeziguli ze-transgender zokunakekelwa.
Izinkampani zomshuwalense kanye namazinga we-WPATH wokuNakekela
Kunezinhlobo zokuhlinza eziningi ezingafani abantu abangase babe nesithakazelo ekuxhumaniseni ubulili noma ukuqinisekiswa. Kunemihlahlandlela ethile yokuhlinzekwa kokuhlinza ngalunye. Kodwa-ke, njengomthetho ojwayelekile, abaningi bomshuwalense baphendukela kumazinga we-WPATH Care Care njengemihlahlandlela yokuthola ukufaneleka kokuhlinzekwa kokuhlinzwa.
I-WPATH isichazamazwi se-World Professional Association ye-Transgender Health. Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Harry Benjamin Society, i-WPATH ayinaso impikiswano.
Ngokomlando, izindinganiso ze-WPATH zikhuthaze ukuthi yiziphi amalungu amaningi omphakathi abhekisela ekugcinweni kwesitoreji. Ukugcinwa kwamasango kubhekisela ekudingeni ukuthi abantu abahlukumezekayo banomthelela omkhulu wezokwelapha kanye / noma ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ngaphambi kokuba kuvunyelwe ukuguqulwa ngokusungulwa kwezokwelapha. Lezi zikhundla abahlinzeki bezempilo abaziphatha njengabagcini besango abadinga ukuvula ukufinyelela ekunakekeleni.
Abasebenzi, abacwaningi, kanye namalungu omphakathi babonise ngokunembile ukuthi lelizinga lokuhlola alidingeki kwezinye izinhlinzeko ezinkulu. Isibonelo, abantu abadingeki ukuba bafune ukwelulekwa ngaphambi kokufinyelela kwezinye izinhlinzeko zeplastiki. Ngenxa yalokho, kunemibuzo evumelekile ukuthi ngabe lezi ziqondiso zibonisa ukucwasana nabantu abahlukumezayo esikhundleni sezinyathelo ezifanele emitholampilo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izindinganiso zokunakekelwa kwe-WPATH zingcono noma cha, ziyiziqondiso izinhlangano ezinkulu kakhulu ezilandela. Eqinisweni, yizona zindlela zokugcina zokunakekelwa ezisemthethweni ezamukeleka kakhulu emiphakathini yezokwelapha nemishuwalense. Ngenhlanhla, i-WPATH ibuyekeza imihlahlandlela yabo yokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa njalo eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi. Ngokuvamile, lezi zindinganiso zokunakekelwa ziye zinciphisa isikhathi. Lokhu kubonisa ukuqaphela okukhulayo kokuhlukana kobulili emphakathini. Ulwazi olungezansi lusekelwe ku-version 7 yezindinganiso zokunakekelwa, eshicilelwe ngo-2011.
Qaphela: Abanye abatshuwalense bangaba nezidingo ezahlukene zokubheka. Kulabo abazimisele ukuhlinzekela kodwa abanalo inqubomgomo endaweni, batusa ukuthi inkampani ibuyekeze izindinganiso zokunakekelwa kwe-WPATH ingaba yindawo enhle yokuqala. Khumbula ukuthi izindinganiso zokunakekela ziyiziqondiso-ezichaza ngokucacile ukuthi kufanelekile ukushintsha izinkomba kuye ngokuthi isimo.
Amazinga Wokunakekela Ukuvuselelwa Kwesifuba (iTransmasculine) noma Ukwandiswa Kwesisu (Transfeminine)
- Ukuphikelela, ukuphathwa kahle kwesifo sobulili
- Ikhono lokwenza isinqumo esinolwazi nokuvuma ukwelashwa
- Noma yiziphi izimo zezempilo zokwelapha noma zengqondo kufanele zibe "ukulawulwa kahle kahle."
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-hormone akudingeki kulezi zindlela zokuhlinza, ezibizwa nge-colloquially ngokuthi "ukuhlinzwa okuphezulu." Ngonyaka we-hormone kunconywa abesifazane besiphambene, njengoba lokhu kuvumela ukuthi bathole ukukhula okungenakubalwa kokubeletha kwebele ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu, futhi, kuthuthukisa imiphumela yokuhlinzwa.
Kwabesilisa abahlukumezayo, akukho mfuneko ye-hormone noma isincomo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunezinombolo zabantu abahamba nge-transmasculine abayisifo esibuhlungu kuphela esifubeni sabo. Kungenxa yokuthi kunezizathu eziningi, kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, kungani abantu bekhetha ukuhlinzwa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-hormone.
Amazinga Wokunakekela i-Orchiectomy, Hysterectomy, ne-Ovariectomy
- Ukuphikelela, ukuphathwa kahle kwesifo sobulili
- Ikhono lokwenza isinqumo esinolwazi nokuvuma ukwelashwa
- Noma yiziphi izimo zezempilo zokwelapha noma zengqondo kufanele zibe "ukulawulwa kahle."
- Izinyanga ezingaba ngu-12 eziqhubekayo zokwelashwa kwe-hormone efanele, ngaphandle uma kunezizathu zokuthi kungani isiguli singakwazi noma singathathi ama-hormone. Inhloso yalesi siqondiso yilapho iziguli zingakwazi ukubhekana nezinguquko ze-hormone eziguquguqukayo ngaphambi kokuba zingenakwenzeka.
Ukwelashwa ukususa ama-gonads (ama-testes, ama-ovari) kanye nesibindi kungenziwa ngokwabo, kanye nokunye ukuhlinzekwa kokuqinisekisa kobulili. Ukukhipha i-gonads yedwa kunenzuzo yokunciphisa inani le-hormone ephathekayo yesifo socansi edingekayo ukuze uthole imiphumela.
Ukususa isibeletho kanye / noma umlomo wesibeletho kususa isidingo sokuhlola lezo zitho. Labo abahlola izivivinyo bangabangela ukucindezeleka nokunganaki kwamadoda amaningi angama-transgender.
Amazinga Wokunakekela i-Neovaginoplasty, i-Phalloplasty, noma iMetoidoplasty / i-Metaidoioplasty
- Ukuphikelela, ukuphathwa kahle kwesifo sobulili
- Ikhono lokwenza isinqumo esinolwazi nokuvuma ukwelashwa
- Noma yiziphi izimo zezempilo zokwelapha noma zengqondo kufanele zibe "ukulawulwa kahle."
- Izinyanga ezingu-12 eziqhubekayo zokwelashwa kwe-hormone efanele, ngaphandle uma kunezizathu zokuthi kungani isiguli singakwazi noma singathathi ama-hormone
- Izinyanga ezingu-12 eziqhubekayo zokuhlala ebudeni bobulili obuhambisana nobunikazi babo
Leli qembu lokuhlinza lisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihambisana nesimo sobulili. Imfuneko yonyaka wokuphila ngendlala ngokobulili ingenxa yokuthi odokotela bakholelwa kakhulu ukuthi leso yisikhathi esanele sokuba abantu bavumelane nesimo sabo sobulili abafisa ngaphambi kokuba bahlinzekwe okunzima, okubizayo futhi okungenakuguqulwa.
Ngenxa yokuzikhandla ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo walezi zindlela zokuhlinza, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi iziguli ezizicabangela zivakashelwa njalo ngezokwelapha noma ezempilo yezokwelapha. Ukunakekela lezi zindlela zokuhlinza kungaba nzima kakhulu ngokomzwelo futhi kunzima. Lokho kubaluleke ikakhulukazi ngabesifazane abahlukumezekile abanomlando wokuhlukumezeka ngokocansi, okungukuthi ukuhlanza kungadinga ukusekelwa okubalulekile. Ukuhlanza njalo kuyadingeka emva kokudalwa kwe-neovagina ukugwema izinkinga.
Amazinga Okunakekela Ukuhlinzwa Kwebhinqa Lokubheka Ubuso
Ayikho imihlahlandlela ehlelekile yokuhlinza ubuso besifazane. Kuye kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuthi le nqubo ihlanganiswe nomshuwalense, ngenxa yokuntuleka kocwaningo ngezinzuzo. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu baye bakwazi ukuyibeka ngokuphumelelayo ngokuphikisana ngokuthi kunesidingo sempilo njengokuhlinza ngokocansi futhi kunemiphumela emihle ngokulinganayo ngekhwalithi yokuphila.
Ukuqonda Amadokhumenti Okudinga Amazinga Wokunakekela
Ukubonisa ukuthi umuntu "uphikelela, owaziwa kahle ngesifo sobulili" ngokuvamile udinga incwadi evela kumhlinzeki wezempilo yengqondo ethi lowo muntu uhlangabezana nemigomo yokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili kanye nobude besikhathi okuyiqiniso. Leli gama livame futhi lilandele umlando wesiguli ngesiguli-ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zemininingwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ncwadi kufanele ibeke ukuthi umhlinzeki usebenze isikhathi esingakanani nesiguli.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ezinye izindinganiso zidinga izinkinga zempilo yengqondo nezengqondo ukuze zilawulwe kahle, kanti ezinye zifuna kuphela ukuthi zilawulwe kahle. Imibhalo yalokhu ngokuvamile ifomu lencwadi evela kumhlinzeki ofanelekayo. Leli bhukwana kufanele libe nolwazi mayelana nomlando wesimo, ukuthi isimo silawulwa kanjani, nokuthi udokotela usebenze isikhathi esingakanani nesiguli. Ngokufanelekile, imishwana "elawulwa kahle" noma "elawulwa kahle" kufanele isetshenziswe encwadini, njengoba kufanelekile. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kubahlinzeki kanye nezinkampani zomshuwalense ukunquma ukuthi izimo zezindinganiso zokunakekelwa zihlangene.
Okuphawulayo, izimo zempilo yengqondo akuzona ukuphikisana nokuhlinzekwa kokuqinisekiswa kobulili. Eqinisweni, lezi zinqubo zingasiza ukuxazulula izimpawu kubantu abaningi be-transgender nabanye ngokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili. Lokhu akuyona nje ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka kodwa ngenxa yezimo ezingathí sina ezifana ne-psychosis.
Izwi elivela
Ukuthola umshwalense wokuhlinzekwa kokuqinisekisa ubulili kungaba yinkqubo ephazamisayo. Kungasiza ukulungiswa ngekhophi yemikhombandlela ye-WPATH nanoma yimaphi amaphepha okucwaninga afanele ukusekela imigomo yakho. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma kufaka phakathi ukuhlinza ngaphandle kwalabo abalwe ngenhla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba umqondo omuhle ukufinyelela esikhungweni sempilo ye-LGBT yangakini, uma unayo, ukuze uthole usizo. Izikhungo eziningi zezempilo manje ziqasha abahamba ngezimoto ze-transgender abanolwazi oluningi ngenqubo yomshuwalense. Kungaba ngumthombo omkhulu, njengabasebenzi abangasekela ehhovisi lakho lokuhlinza-uma enalo. Okokugcina, izinhlangano zomthetho ezigxile ze-LGBTQ zendawo zendawo ngokuvamile ziyizintambo zokusiza noma izinombolo zokufinyelela lapho abantu bengase bafune ulwazi.
> Imithombo:
> Ainsworth TA, uSpiegel JH. Ikhwalithi yokuphila kwabantu abanakho nokuhlinzwa kokuhlinzwa kwesifazane noma ukuhlinzwa ngokulinganayo ngokobulili. I-Qual Life Res. 2010 Sep; 19 (7): 1019-24. i-doi: 10.1007 / s11136-010-9668-7.
> James, SE, Herman, JL, Rankin, S., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., & Anafi, M. (2016). Umbiko we-2015 US Transgender Survey. Washington, DC: Isikhungo Sikazwelonke se-Transgender Equality.
> Meijer JH, Eeckhout GM, van Vlerken RH, de Vries AL. Ubulili be-Dysphoria ne-Co-existing Psychosis: Ukubukeza kanye Nezibonelo Ezincane Zezibonelo Zokuphumelela Ukwelashwa Okuqinisekisayo Ngokobulili. I-LGBT Impilo. 2017 Apr; 4 (2): 106-114. doi: 10.1089 / lgbt.2016.0133.
> I-World Professional Assocation ye-Transgender Health (2011). Amazinga Okunakekelwa Kwezempilo We-Transsexual, Transgender, kanye neGender Nonconforming People. Inguqulo yesi-7. www.wpath.org