Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo yisifo esibi esingenakwelashwa. Ukusinda kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila ngokuhluleka kwenhliziyo kungathuthukiswa ukwelashwa, ukuguqula indlela yokuphila, futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ngezinqubo zokuhlinza ezikhethekile. Imithi ye-prescription, efana ne-beta blockers, i-ACE inhibitors, kanye ne-diuretics, yiyona ndlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ukwelashwa kwenhliziyo.
Izidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukusebenza ngokuvuselela inhliziyo ukupompa kahle, ukuvimbela uketshezi okweqile kusuka ekwakheni emzimbeni, noma ngokunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi. Ukuguqula i-valve, i-pacemaker, noma ezinye izindlela zokungenelela kungacatshangwa kwezinye iziguli.
Imigomo
Imithi ye-prescription iyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu ekulawuleni ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Lezi mithi ngokuvamile kufanele zilungiswe ngezikhathi ezithile njengoba isifo sakho siqhubeka. Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase anikeze inhlanganisela yemithi yokuphathwa kwenhliziyo yakho ukwehluleka ngoba ilwa nezimpawu zenhliziyo ukwehluleka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Izinketho zihlanganisa:
Abavimbela i-Beta : Abavimbela i-Beta- I-Zebeta (i-bisoprolol), i-Coreg (i-carvedilol), ne-Toprol (i-metoprolol)-isetshenziselwa ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ngoba inciphisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kuvumela inhliziyo ukuba igcwalise ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokudonsa, okunikeza umzimba ngegazi elingaphezulu ngenhliziyo ngayinye.
Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ezinye zokukhathala ongazithola ngenxa yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
I-Diuretics : Izidakamizwa ziyimithi ekhuthaza ukwenziwa kwamanzi emzimbeni ngokusebenza ezinso. Lokhu kukhulula i-edema nokuphefumula kokuphefumula kwenhliziyo, njengoba zombili lezi zimpawu ziwumphumela wokucindezelwa kwamanzi emzimbeni.
Ama-diuretic asetshenziselwa ngokuvamile ahlanganisa uLasix (furosemide), i-Bumex (i-bumetanide), ne-Esidrix (i-hydrochlorothiazide). Amazinga e-potassium angase aphansi ngokusetshenziswa kwesisu, ngakho-ke kungadingeka ukwesekwa kwamaminerali.
I-Angiotensin-guqula i-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors : Le mithi isebenza ngokuqondile emithanjeni yegazi yomzimba ukunciphisa ingcindezi enhliziyweni yakho yokuphambana nayo. Ama-inhibitors e-ACE ajwayelekile kakhulu asetshenziselwa ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kuhlanganisa u- Prinivil no-Zestril ( lisinopril ), uLotensin (benazepril), i-Capoten (i-captopril), i-Vasotec (inalapril), ne-Monopril (i-fosinopril).
I-Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) : Ama- ARB asebenza ngokunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi, okunciphisa ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni. Izibonelo zama-ARB zihlanganisa iLosartan (Cozaar) neBenicar (olmesartan).
Abaphikisi be-Aldosterone: Abaphikisi be- Aldosterone, njenge-Aldactone (i-spironolactone), basebenze ngokumelene nehomoni ebizwa ngokuthi i-aldosterone bese bekhipha uketshezi emzimbeni. Zaziwa ngokuthi "i-potassium-sparing," ngoba zivimbela izinga le-potassium emzimbeni ekubeni liphansi kakhulu.
I-Hydralazine ne-nitrate: Le nhlanganisela isebenza ukuhlanza (ukukhulisa) imishanguzo, ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi. Lokhu kuvimbela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, okwenzeka lapho inhliziyo iqhuma ngokumelene nokucindezela okukhulu iminyaka.
I-Neprilysin inhibitors : I- Entresto iyinhlanganisela ye-valsartan, i-AR inhibitor kanye ne-agent entsha, i-sacubitril. I-Sacubitril ivimbela i-enzyme neprilysin, okwenza ukwanda emazingeni ama-peptide angama-natriuretic, okusiza ukulawula ukucindezelwa kwegazi, kanye nosawoti namazinga asemzimbeni. Kusengcono ukwelashwa okusha okwehluleka kwenhliziyo, futhi umphumela wayo ngokuqhathaniswa nemithi eminingi eyasungulwa, kanye nemiphumela yaso emibi yesikhathi eside, ayikaqondi ngokugcwele okwamanje.
I-Dopamine: Ngokwenza inhliziyo ishaye kakhulu ngamandla, i-dopamine iyasiza ukuthi ijikeleze igazi elicebile oksijini. I-dopamine yandisa inani lomchamo umzimba okhiqizayo, osiza umzimba ukuba ulahle ukwakhiwa okwezinye amanzi emaphashini, izingalo nemilenze.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngokungafani neminye imithi eminingi esetshenziselwa ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ephansi kwegazi, i-dopamine iphakamisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi. Kwezinye izimo, lo mphumela uyasiza ngoba umfutho wegazi ophansi ungenzeka enhlekeleleni yezinhliziyo.
I-dopamine ngokuvamile ayiyona yokukhetha ukwelashwa kokuqala kokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, kodwa iyasiza kakhulu ezinganeni ezingakabiphi nezinsana ezinezinkinga zenhliziyo. Kungakhuphula izinga lezinsana zezingane kanye nokucindezelwa kwegazi, ngcono kakhulu amathuba abo okusinda. I-dopamine akufanele ithathwe nge- beta blockers , eyandisa futhi iqinise umphumela ojwayelekile we-dopamine.
Amakhambi asekhaya kanye nendlela yokuphila
Uma unesifo senhliziyo, izixazululo zasemakhaya kanye nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila kubaluleke kakhulu izici zokuphatha isimo sakho. Ngenkathi lezi zinyathelo zingeke ziphulukise ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ukungalandeli lezi zincomo zendlela yokuphila kuhlotshaniswa nokuwohloka kwezimpawu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo nokuqhubeka kwesifo ngokwayo.
Ukuvinjelwa kosawoti: Ukusetshenziswa kosawoti kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwamanzi emzimbeni. Lokhu akuyona inkinga kubantu abaphilile, njengoba umzimba ungakwazi ukulinganisela futhi uqede uketshezi oludlulayo kanye nosawoti ngendlela efanele. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sezinso, lokhu akukwenzeka ngendlela efanele njengoba kufanele, ukwandisa amathuba akho okuqoqwa kwamanzi. Abantu abaningi abanokuhluleka kwenhliziyo bayaqaphela ukuthi izimpawu zokuvuvukala nokuphefumula kufinyeleleke ekutheni usawoti owandisiwe. Ungathola iseluleko esivela ku-dietitian noma udokotela wakho mayelana nenani elilodwa losawoti ongayidla nsuku zonke.
Ukudla : Ukudla njalo ukudla okunempilo, ngaphandle kwe-cholesterol ngokweqile namafutha (ikakhulukazi amafutha e-trans) , kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izifo ze-coronary (CAD) nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ukungabi nakakhulu.
Ukubuka isisindo sakho : Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo kusiza ukuvikela inhliziyo yakho emithwalweni wokuphoqeleka igazi ukusekela umzimba okhudlwana-ukukhathazeka, njengoba ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni sekuvele kunenkinga ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo. Ukuze ulahlekelwe isisindo ngokuphumelelayo, ungadinga iseluleko esivela ku-dietitian, ongakwazi ukuhlola ukudla kwakho ukuze ubone ukuthi kufanele uthathe ama-carbohydrates, amafutha noma ama-calories ngokujwayelekile.
Umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca : Ukuhlala usebenzayo kugcina izinhlanzi zenhliziyo yakho ziqinile. Uma unesifo senhliziyo, kubalulekile ukuthi usebenzise umzimba wakho futhi wenze ngokuhlakanipha, njengoba ukucindezeleka kungaba yingozi enhliziyweni yakho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinga lakho lenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuvivinya umzimba ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi awuhlanganyeli emisebenzini enzima kakhulu.
Izinqubo Eziqondene Nezici
Ukuhlinzwa noma ezinye izinqubo aziphili ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ngokwayo. Kodwa-ke, bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo, ukulawula isimiso senhliziyo esingavamile, noma ukulungisa i-valve yenhliziyo engavamile, okungase kube efanele futhi inenzuzo kwabanye-nakuba kungenabo bonke-abantu abanalesi simo.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Defibrillator: I-defibrillator engasetshenziselwa idivayisi ye-pacemaker esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukufa okungazelelwe kubantu abasengozini enkulu yalesi senzakalo. Uma i-arrhythmia ebulalayo yenzeka, i-defibrillator engasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ingathuthukisa ngokuzenzakalelayo enhliziyweni ukubuyisela isigqi emuva kokujwayelekile.
Ukwelapha ukuvuselelwa kwe-cardiac (CRT): Idivayisi ye-CRT iyi-pacemaker ekhethekile engakwazi ukuqondisa isenzo sokuqhuma sezinhliziyo ze-ventricle ezilungile nezokunxele, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwenhliziyo. I-CRT ingaba usizo kubantu abakhethiwe abanehluleka kwenhliziyo futhi abanezinhlobo ezithile ze-block block.
Zombili izinqubo ezingenhla zingase zenzeke ekamelweni lokusebenza noma encwadini ekhethekile ye-cardiac esibhedlela. Zivame ukuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo futhi zivame ukubekezelela kahle. Iningi labantu lihlala esibhedlela ukuze libheke amahora angaba ngu-24.
Ukufakelwa kwe-device ye-ventricular aid (LVAD): I- LVAD imipompo eqhutshwa ibhetri efakwe emzimbeni ukusiza inhliziyo ngokupompa. Ekuqaleni babhekwa njengendlela yokusekela umsebenzi wenhliziyo kubantu ababekulindele ukuguquka kwenhliziyo, kodwa bayasebenza futhi bangasetshenziswa njengeluhlelo olude lwesikhathi eside.
Ukubekwa kwala madivayisi kudinga i-anesthesia ejwayelekile kanye nesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Kumele futhi ulindele ukuthi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lihlole ukusebenza kwedivayisi ngokushesha ngemuva kwenqubo futhi ngezikhathi ezithile isikhathi eside.
Ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo: Ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo kuyinkqubo lapho inhliziyo yakho isuswe ngokuhlinzwa futhi ishintshwe ngokuphelele ngenhliziyo yomnikeli. Lena inqubo enkulu yokuhlinzwa, edinga ukuhlinzekwa kwe-anesthesia jikelele nokuqapha okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Kufanele ulindele ukuqapha okusheshayo emva kokuhlinzwa, amasonto amaningana wokuthola kabusha, kanye necebo lokuvuselela inhliziyo emva kokufakelwa kwakho.
Ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali : Ukukhishwa kwe-catheter kuyinkqubo evimbela umsebenzi owenziwe ngogesi owenza okungezansi ukulinganisa isimo senhliziyo ngokudala isilonda endaweni ephethe izinkinga. Ungase uzuze kule nqubo uma unesigqi senhliziyo esingavamile.
Ungase ube nenqubo ekamelweni lokusebenza noma ekamelweni elikhethekile lezinqubo zenhliziyo esibhedlela. Ungalindela ukululameka okusheshayo uma inqubo yakho ingeyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Valve: I-valve yenhliziyo ephindaphinda ingakwazi ukubhekana nokuvinjelwa kwegazi ngenxa yesakhiwo se-valve engavamile. Lokhu kungase kube yindlela yokujwayela, noma kungenzeka kube yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu benkinga ye-valve nokuthi zingaki ama-valve athintekile.
Ukufakelwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo isebenzisa noma i-valve yokufakelwa noma enye eyakhiwe ngezicubu zomuntu noma zezingulube. Yikuphi ukushintshwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo okukuhle kuwe kuncike enkingeni yakho ye-valve yenhliziyo ye-anatomical kanye nezintandokazi zakho zomuntu siqu.
Imithi Ephelele (CAM)
Kunezinye izindlela ezingenelelo zokwelapha eziye zafakazelwa ukubonisa inzuzo ekuphathweni kwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Lezi zindlela aziphilisi noma zithuthukise isimo, futhi azibonwanga ukuthi zizoqhubeka nokuphila. Kodwa-ke, bangase bathuthukise izimpawu futhi basize ekuvimbeleni ukuwohloka kwenhliziyo ekuwohlokeni.
- Ukungenela komzimba: Izindlela ezifana ne-yoga, tai-chi. ukukhishwa kwesikhumba, i-biofeedback, kanye ne-reflexology ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokuqondiswa nokuqondiswa kochwepheshe oqeqeshiwe. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi lokhu kungenelela kunganikeza izinzuzo ezincane ezilinganiselwe kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo.
- Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka : Ukuphathwa kwengcindezi ngokusebenzisa amasu afana nokuzindla, ukwelulekwa, ukucabangela, nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila konke kuboniswe ukukhiqiza inzuzo elinganisiwe ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo. Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamasu okuphatha ukucindezeleka, futhi kubalulekile ukukhetha indlela ehambelana nobuntu bakho kangcono kakhulu.
- I-Curcumin: I-spice yemvelo ethathwe ku-turmeric, i-curcumin ibonise isithembiso esithile sokuqala ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo ezilwaneni. Ukusebenza kwalo ekuvimbeleni noma ekunakekeleni ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kubantu akuyazi.
Imithi yokwelapha ngaphezulu
Imithi engaphezu kwamakhompiyutha ayinzuzo ngokujwayelekile ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo. Eqinisweni, iningi labo lingabangela ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ukuba kube nzima. Abanye bangaphinde baphazamise imishanguzo yezinhliziyo ezingalahleki, ukuvimbela ukuba bangasebenzi ngendlela efanele. Uma unesifo senhliziyo, kungcono ukuthi ungasebenzisi izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kwamakhompiyutha, ngisho nezinkinga zezempilo ezivamile, ngaphandle kokuhlola udokotela wakho noma ummithi kuqala.
Eminye imithi ejwayelekile kunawo wonke omele uyigweme uma unesifo senhliziyo ihlanganisa:
- Ama-anti-inflammatory (ama-NSAID) angekho-steroidal: Izidakamizwa ezifana ne-aspirin, i-Advil noma i-Motrin (ibuprofen), ne-Aleve noma i-Naprosyn (naproxen) zingabangela ukwanda kwegazi lakho.
- Imithi yokwelashwa equkethe i-pseudoephedrine (i-Sudafed, i-Actifed, i-Contrex, ne-Nyquil) ingase iphinde ikhulise umfutho wegazi lakho.
Imithi engaphezu kuka-counter ethathwa njengokuphephile ukuthatha uma unesifo senhliziyo ihlanganisa:
- I-Chlortrimeton noma i-Aller-Chlor (i-chlorpheniramine)
- I-Robitussin DM (i-guaifenesin ne-dextromethorphan)
- I-Claritin (i-loratadine)
Kodwa futhi, kungcono kakhulu ukuhlola nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala imithi emisha uma unesifo senhliziyo.
> Imithombo:
> Cao Q, Zhang J, Gao L, Zhang Y, Dai M, Bao M. et al. U-Dickkopf-3 upregulation uhlanganisa imiphumela ye-cardioprotective ye-curcumin ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo engapheli. UMe Med Med. 2018 Meyi 20. kufanele: 10.3892 / mmr.2018.8783. [I-Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta]
> Gok Metin Z, Ejem D, Dionne-Odom JN, et al. Ukungenelela Kwemvelo Kwabantu Abanye Nenhliziyo Ehluleka: Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile Kwezilingo Ezihleliwe. I-J Card Yehluleka. 2018 Mar; 24 (3): 186-201. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.cardfail.2017.09.008. I-Epub 2017 Septhemba 20.
> Ichijo S, Miyazaki S, Kusa S. et al. Impact of catheter ablation of fibrillation atrial on imiphumela yesikhathi eside emitholampilo iziguli abanesifo senhliziyo. J Cardiol. 2018 Mashi 30. pii: S0914-5087 (18) 30063-7. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.jjcc.2018.02.012. [I-Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta]
> O'Bryant CL, Cheng D, Dow TJ, et al. Izidakamizwa ezingabangela noma zikhuphule ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo: Isitatimende sezesayensi esivela ku-American Heart Association. Ukujikeleza. 2016 Aug 9; 134 (6): e32-69. i-doi: 10.1161 / i-CIR.0000000000000426. I-Epub 2016 Jul 11.
> Verbrugge FH, uMartens P, u-Ameloot Ket al. I-spironolactone yokwandisa i-natriuresis ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo ye-congestive ne-cardiorenal syndrome. I-Acta Cardiol. 2018 Mar 27: 1-8. i-doi: 10.1080 / 00015385.2018.1455947. [I-Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta]
> Wong MM, Arcand J, Leung AA, Thout SR, Campbell NR, Webster J. Isayensi kasawoti: Ukubuyekezwa okuhleliwe okukasawoti kanye nemiphumela yezempilo (Disemba 2015-Mashi 2016). J Clin Hypertens (i-Greenwi ch). 2017 Mar; 19 (3): 322-332. doi: 10.1111 / jch.12970.