Kunezimbangela eziningana ezingase zenzeke ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, konke okunye okunomthelela ovamile wokudambisa inhliziyo. Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kungabangelwa izinkinga zenhliziyo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, isifo se-artery coronary (umonakalo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo), nomfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophezulu), kanye nezinye izifo nezimo, ezifana nesifo sikashukela ukukhuluphala.
Izinto zokuphila, ezifana nokubhema nokuntuleka komsebenzi, zidlala indima ebalulekile, njengoba ngokuvamile kuvame ukunikeza ezinye zezimpikiswano. Isimo sezakhi zofuzo, i- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , yisisusa esivamile kakhulu.
Usizi ezinhlungwini zenhliziyo esikhathini eside luvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi okuphumelelayo kuze kube yilapho kunesakhiwo somkhuhlane enhliziyweni nasemaphaphu, futhi ekugcineni, uketshezi oludlulele emaphethelweni. Izimpawu ezinjengokuphefumula, ukukhathala, kanye ne-edema (ukuvuvukala ezandleni nasezinyaweni) kuwumphumela wenhliziyo ebuthakathaka umsebenzi owuphawu lokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
I-cardiovascular
Ezimbangela zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, okubaluleke kakhulu kunezimo zenhliziyo ezandulele. Ezinye zivame ukuhlangana ndawonye futhi zingabangela omunye nomunye. Isibonelo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme unomthelela ekuguleni komzimba, okuholela ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo.
Ukukhathazeka okuvame kakhulu kwengqondo okubangelwa ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo yilokhu:
I-hypertension: Ukucindezeleka ngokweqile kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yabesilisa nabesifazane. I-long-standing hypertension igalela ekuguleni komzimba we-coronary artery, okuyiyona imbangela ehamba phambili yokuhlasela kwenhliziyo (umonakalo ohlobene owenza buthaka inhliziyo, ngezinye izikhathi kuholela ekuhlulekeni). Ukucindezela ngokweqile kuphela kunomthelela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo ngoba, lapho inhliziyo iqhuma ngokumelene nokucindezela okukhulu iminyaka, imisipha ingahle iphumelele kangako.
I-CAD (isifo se-aron coronary): Imishanguzo ye-Coronary yizitsha zegazi ezinikezela inhliziyo ngegazi nomsoco oqukethe igazi. I-CAD ichaza inqubo lapho ngaphakathi kwemithambo ye-coronary ibe mncane, eqinile, futhi engavamile. Lezi zingxube zegazi ezingenampilo zijwayele ukuqoqwa kwe-cholesterol, i-debris, negazi. Ekugcineni, zingavinjelwa izingxenyana zegazi, ezibangela ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo.
I-MI (infarction ye-myocardial): I-infarction ye-myocardial iyisifo senhliziyo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-clot yegazi ivimbela ngokuphelele noma eyodwa emithanjeni ye-coronary, iphazamisa ukugeleza kwegazi kwesigaba senhliziyo. Uma izindawo zezinhlanzi zenhliziyo zithinteka igazi, zingase zingasebenzi ngendlela efanayo, zibuthakathaka ezigabeni ezithintekile ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kwenza inhliziyo yepumping isebenze kangcono, eholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo.
Izinhlanzi zenhliziyo ezinamandla zivame ukwelula futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amakamelo okushaya amanzi enhliziyo, ikakhulukazi i- ventricle engakwesobunxele , iyancipha (ikhulisiwe). I-ventricle ehlanjululwe inomthamo omkhulu wegazi, ngakho igazi elingaphezulu lingasuswa ngezenzo zenhliziyo ezinamandla kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingcindezi ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo zikhuphuka, okwenza uketshezi kukhuphuke emaphashini, okhiqiza ukuxubana kwamaphaphu.
I-arrhythmias ye-cardiac (izinhliziyo ezingavamile), okungase kube esongela ukuphila, nazo zivamile kubantu abane-cardiomyopathy ehlanjululwe.
I-aortic valve stenosis : I- aortic stenosis isinciphisa i-aortic valve, okwandisa kakhulu ukucindezeleka nokucindezeleka ngaphakathi kwe-ventricle yenhliziyo engakwesokunxele. Lokhu kuholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ye-Diastolic: Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ye- diastolic , umsebenzi wezinhliziyo uyawohloka ngoba imisipha yenhliziyo iyaqina kodwa ayizinzile, njengamanye izinhlobo zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kunzima kuvimbela inhliziyo ekuphumuleni njengoba kufanele, okwenze kube nzima ukuba igcwalise ngokwanele ngegazi phakathi kwezinhliziyo.
Ngenxa yalokho, inani legazi eliphambaniswa ngenhliziyo ngayinye liyanciphisa, okuholela ekukhathaleni nasekukhuthazeni ukuvivinya umzimba. Igazi elingakwazi ukugcwalisa inhliziyo "lihlehlisela" emaphashini, likhiqize ukuminyana kwamaphalenda . Ukukhubazeka kwe-Diastolic kuvame ukuvela kubantu abadala, ikakhulukazi abesifazane.
Izimo zenhliziyo yengane: Izinkinga zenhliziyo ezingabantwana zangasese, njengezinhliziyo ze-anatomical noma amaphutha e-pulmonary, izimo ze-valve anomalies, kanye nokungajwayelekile okuthinta isakhiwo se-aortic, kubangela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Izingane ezincane zingase zenze ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo eminyakeni embalwa uma lezi zimo zingaphathwa. Ukulungiswa kokuhlinzwa noma ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo kuvame ukubhekwa njengendlela yokwelashwa ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka ngokweqile ezinsikeni zenhliziyo, ngaphezu komthelela wesici esiyinhloko.
I-Systemic
Nakuba kucacile ukubona ukuthi izifo nezimo ezihlobene ngqo nenhliziyo ziholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo, kunezinye izimbangela ezingase zingabonakali.
Isifo sikashukela: Isifo sikashukela ngokwawo asikhiqizi ngokuqondile ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, kodwa kubangele ezimweni ezenzayo, njenge-CAD ne-MI. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banesifo esiphakeme somfutho wegazi ophezulu.
I-Chemotherapy: Imithi ethile enamandla ekwelapheni umdlavuza, ikakhulukazi i- Adriamycin (doxorubicin) , ingabangela ubuthi obuhlungu obubangelwa ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Ngokungafani nezinye izici ezingozi ezibalulwe lapha, ezithatha isikhathi eside ukuba zibe nomphumela, i-chemotherapy ingenza ngokushesha masinyane.
Ukubeletha: I- Postpartum cardiomyopathy uhlobo lokuhluleka kwenhliziyo oluhlobene nokubeletha. Nakuba le nkinga ivame ukuxazulula ukwelashwa okunonya, iveza ingozi enkulu yesikhathi eside yokuthuthukisa ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo esikhathini esizayo, ikakhulukazi ngokukhulelwa esikhathini esizayo.
Ukucindezeleka okukhulu: Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo , okubizwa nangokuthi "i-heart syndrome ephukile," kuyindlela yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo engazelelwe, eyabangela ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzwelo okukhulu. Ngenkathi lesi simo singabonakala kunoma yisiphi isilwane, sivame kakhulu kubantu besifazane futhi singase sihlobene nengculaza encane , isimo esivame kakhulu kubantu besifazane.
I-apnea yokulala : I-apnea yokulala yisimo esibhekene nokuphazamiseka okufushane kokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokulala. Nakuba i-apnea yokulala engavamile ukubulala, i-apnea yokulala engalashwa yesikhathi eside iyingxenye yempilo enzima kakhulu, njengokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Indlela eqondile yalesi sixhumanisi ayicacisi ngokuphelele.
I-Genetic
Ukuqonda ukuhluleka kwesimo senhliziyo kukhula. Ithonya elizimele ekuthambekeni kwakho kokuthuthukisa ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kuyisikhathazo, kodwa futhi isimo esizuzwe njengefa esibizwa ngokuthi yizofuzo, okuthiwa i-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Futhi, njengoba kukhonjisiwe, izimo zenhliziyo yengane ye-genetic nature zingabangela nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
I-genetic predisposition : Ezingqikithi ezingama-100 ziye zabonakala zihlotshaniswa nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, futhi kuyacaca ukuthi ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kuwukuthi, kaningi, kuyifa. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlobana phakathi kokuhlukahluka kwezibonakaliso, ukubikezelwa kwesifo, kanye nezakhi zofuzo ezithile azizange zisungulwe kahle.
I-cardiomyopathy ye-Hypertrophic : Lesi simo sokufuzo sibhekene nokuqina kwesisu senhliziyo. Kungase kuqale ukuveza izimpawu phakathi nobuntwana, ukukhula, noma ukudala. Ukuqina kunciphisa ukugcwala kwenhliziyo futhi kungabangela iziqephu zokuphefumula ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca. Ukuqina komfutho wezinhliziyo kungabangela ukuvinjelwa kwe-ventricle engakwesobunxele, efana neyabonakala nge- aortic stenosis . Abanye abantu abane-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy baneengozi eyengeziwe yokufa okungazelelwe.
Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile, ukuphelelwa amandla okungazelelwe, ngisho nokufa okungazelelwe. Ukwelapha okuhlinzekwa njengama-pacemakers nezinqubo zokuvula imigwaqo ye-valve yenhliziyo kunganciphisa ezinye izingcindezi nokucindezeleka enhliziyweni, ngcono amathuba okuphila isikhathi eside.
Indlela yokuphila
Ngokuvamile, izici zokuphila zifakazela ezinye izimo zenhliziyo ezandulela futhi zibangele ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, hhayi ngokuqondile ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ngokwayo.
Ukukhuluphala: Abantu abadala nabasha abasebekhulile basengozini enkulu yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukunikeza umzimba ngegazi elanele uma ukhuluphele kakhulu. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nakho kuyingozi engozini yesifo sikashukela, i-hypertension, ne-CAD, konke okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo.
Ukubhema nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa : Ngokuvamile, kwaziwa kahle ukuthi ukubhema kungenye yezinto eziyingozi ze-MI, futhi lokhu okungenani kancane ngenxa yokuthi lo mkhuba ugalela i-CAD. Izidakamizwa, ezifana ne-methamphetamine, ziye zahlanganiswa nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
Indlela yokuphila yangasese : Ukusebenza okungapheli, okuvame ukuchazwa njengokuhlala isikhathi eside njalo, kuye kwaboniswa ukwandisa amathuba okuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Ukunyakaza okuningi kwansuku zonke nokuzivocavoca njalo, okuye kwachazwa njengezifundo ezine kuya kwesishiyagalombili ngesonto, kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka okuphansi kwenhliziyo.
Ukuqina komzimba nokuphefumula : Lokhu kuchaza ikhono lenhliziyo namaphaphu ukusebenza kahle. Ungathuthukisa ukuqina komzimba wakho ngokuhlanganyela njalo emisebenzini eyenza izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, okuqinisa izinhlanzi zenhliziyo yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuvumela ukuba bathambile ngamandla amakhulu. Ungathuthukisa impilo yakho yokuphefumula ngokuhlanganyela njalo emisebenzini eyenza uphefumule ngokushesha, okuqeqesha amaphaphu akho ukuze athathe umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho ngokuyimpumelelo.
> Imithombo:
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> I-Dipchand AI Isimo samanje sokufakelwa kwesifo senhliziyo. U-Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2018 Jan; 7 (1): 31-55. doi: 10.21037 / acs.2018.01.07.
> Nayor M, Vasan RS. Ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo: indima yokusebenza ngokomzimba. I-Curr Opin Cardiol. 2015 Sep; 30 (5): 543-50. doi: 10.1097 / HCO.0000000000000206.
> Richards JR, I-Harms BN, Kelly A, i-Turnipseed SD. Ukusebenzisa i-Methamphetamine nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo: Ukuqwashisa, izici eziyingozi, nokubikezela. Am J Emerg Med. 2018 Jan 3. pii: S0735-6757 (18) 30001-9. doi: 10.1016 / j.ajem.2018.01.001. [I-Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta]
> I-Timmermans I, i-Denollet J, i-Pedersen SS, i-Meine M, i-Versteeg H. Iziguli-kubangelwa ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kwisampula enkulu yaseYurophu. Int J Cardiol. 2018 Meyi 1; 258: 179-184. doi: 10.1016 / j.ijcard.2018.01.113. I-Epub 2018 Feb 6.