Lapho umzali ezwa amazwi athi "ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuqhubekayo", kuningi lokungaqiniseki nokukhathazeka. Kuyini ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuqhubekayo? Kusho ukuthini lokhu kumntanami? Ngokwemigomo eyisisekelo, ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuqhubekayo kungukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe (okuncane noma okunye) kutholakala futhi kubi kakhulu. Ezinganeni ezincane ezingase zingakwazi ukuzwakalisa ukushintshwa ezindlebeni zabo, abazali kudingeka baziswe mayelana nohlobo lwezimpawu zokubukela lokho kungabonisa ushintsho ekulalelweni, bazi izimo eziyingozi kanye nezimbangela ezingase zibe khona, futhi bakhe ubuhlobo i-audiologist yezingane ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukuzwa kwengane yabo.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Kuyaziwa
Kunezici eziningi ezingozini ezibangelwa ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuqhubekayo ezinganeni zikhona. Abambalwa nje bahlanganisa ukuba nomndeni onomlando wokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, noma ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba kwekhanda noma izindlebe. Uma umama ethola izifo ezithile ngenkathi ekhulelwe noma ngenkathi ebeletha, lokho kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuqhubekayo.
Ngisho noma ukuhlolwa kwezinsana ezizwayo "kuvamile," iKomidi Elihlangene Lokuzwa Ngezingane Zincoma ukuthi noma yimuphi usana olusanda kuzalwa olunezizathu eziyingozi zokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kufanele ahlolwe ukuzwa ngaphambi kokuba ingane ineminyaka emithathu ubudala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingane ingase ibe nokulahlekelwa kokuzwela okungaqondakali okwehla ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Akuqinisekisiwe
Ucwaningo lwenziwe ngezingane ezizalwa nge- cytomegalovirus (CMV) izifo, umphumela owaziwayo wokulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuqhubekayo. Abacwaningi kulolu cwaningo bafuna ukubona ukuthi bangazibona yini izici eziyingqayizivele ezingaba "isixwayiso" ukuthi ingane isengozini yokuthuthukisa ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuqhubekayo.
Okokuqala, abacwaningi babheka idatha yabantwana abangu-21 abazalwa phakathi kuka-1994 no-1998 ukubona ukuthi i-CMV yayingakanani emvini wabo ngenyanga yokuqala ngemva kokuzalwa. Cishe eminyakeni emibili kamuva, izinsana ezifanayo zalandelwa ukuze zibone ukuthi ngabe zikhona yini ezenzeke ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuqhubekayo. Amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye kulawo mazinyane ahlakulela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
Lezo zinsana eziyisishiyagalolunye zazingenayo i-CMV emcimbini uma ziyizinsana. Abalobi bezocwaningo bazizwa ukuthi imiphumela yabonisa "ubudlelwane obalulekile" phakathi kwe-CMV emcimbini kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe.
Izimpawu
Imindeni enezingane ezinokulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuqhubekayo ziye zaphawula izimpawu ezithile: I- audiogram yengane yabo iyashintsha kakhulu, noma ingane yabo ibonakala ingasizwa ukuthi ingane isetshenziselwa ukuzwa, noma inkulumo yengane iyashintsha.
Izimbangela
Amantombazane angase azalwe ngegciwane le-cytomegalovirus, elaziwa ngokubangela ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuqhubekayo. Ezinganeni, kungase kubangelwe nezici zokufa, njengeConnexin 26 ; Ucwaningo oluthile luye lwathola amacala okulahleka kokuzwa lapho i-Connexin 26 ikhona. Abacwaningi baye baqaphela isandulela se-PRPS1 emadodeni, isakhi esihlotshaniswa ne-DFN2, imbangela eyaziwayo engavamile yokulahleka kokuzwa kokuqhubekayo.
Izimbangela eziningi zihlanganisa ezinye izidakamizwa, njenge-Pendred syndrome, i-Alport syndrome, ne- Usher syndrome . Izinkinga zokubeletha (ngesikhathi sokuzalwa), njengezinkinga zezindlebe zangaphakathi, zingaholela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa okuqhubekayo. I-Mondini syndrome ingenye yezinkinga ezinjalo.
Ucwaningo
Zikhona yini izindlela zokuyeka ukulahleka kokuzwa kusukela ekuthuthukiseni ezinganeni?
Mhlawumbe. Ucwaningo oluncane lwezingane ezinsana ne-CMV infections lubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-ganciclovir yezidakamizwa ingavimbela noma inciphise ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuqhubekayo. Isifundo sokuqala sasihilela izingane eziyisishiyagalolunye, ezinhlanu zazo ezazilahlekelwa ukuzwa. Lezi zinyane zanikezwa inhlanganisela ye-graniclovir yomlomo kanye neyomlomo. Umphumela waba ukuthi eminyakeni emibili kamuva, akekho nezingane ezazibonela ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe, kanti izingane ezimbili zaphinde zazwa.
Esifundweni sesibili, izingane ezingu-25 zanikezwa i-ganciclovir emangcwabeni amasonto ayisithupha. Lapho izingane zihlolwe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala, azizange zithole ukulahleka kokuzwa.
Kodwa-ke, lapho abantwana bebancane okungenani unyaka ubudala, abahlanu babo baye bahlakulela ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuqhubekayo. Abacwaningi abacwaninga bazibuza ukuthi uma isikhathi eside isikhathi sokwelashwa singaphezu kwamasonto ayisithupha singavimbela lezo zinsana ezinhlanu ukuba zibe nokulahlekelwa okuningi kokuzwa.
Ukwelapha
Izingane ezinokuphulukana nokuzwa okuqhubekayo zingaphathwa ngezinsiza zokuzwa noma izimpande ze-cochlear .
Ziphumelele kangakanani izimpande ze-cochlear njengokwelashwa? Ucwaningo lwaseBrithani lwenziwa ngabantwana abayisikhombisa abaye balahlekelwa ukuzwa okuqhubekayo futhi basebenzisa izinsiza zokuzwa. Amantombazane amathathu athola izimpande ze-cochlear njengezingane ezincane, kanti ezinye ezine zazithola zikhula. Ezinye zezingane zazizwa zilahlekile iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa okungazelelwe kokuzwa, kanti ezinye zazalwa ngokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuqhubekayo kwaze kwaba yisisindo esikhulu, okwaholela ekudingeni izimpande. Ngemva kokufakwa, bonke abasha abayisikhombisa babe nemiphumela emihle. Lolu cwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izingane eziye zazwa abasebenzisi bezokuzwa ngamakhono okucwaninga kahle, ukwenza kahle kakhulu izimpande ze-cochlear.
Imithombo:
Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwe-age. I-Medline Plus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001045.htm
Ngaphandle Kwesisana Ukuzwa Ukuhlolwa: Ukuqaphela Izimpawu Zesikhathi Esizayo Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa Kwezingane Nezingane Ezincane. Isibhedlela Sesifundazwe Sezingane Zabafana. http://www.babyhearing.org/Audiologists/factSheets/LateOnsetArticle.pdf.
Ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear yokulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuqhubekayo. (Umbiko omfushane). Izigceme Zesifo Ezinganeni 88.8 (Agasti 2003): p708 (4).
Izingozi eziphakeme zokubambezeleka, ukuphumula okuphuthumayo kanye / noma ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuqhubekayo. UMnyango wezeMpilo waseVermont. healthvermont.gov/family/hearing/documents/riskfactors.pdf
Kennedy, Sara. Imfoloko Emgwaqweni: AmaHhovisi namazwi Aphulukayo Wokuzwa. http://www.handsandvoices.org/articles/misc/prog_loss.html
Ukuguqulwa kokusebenza kweMisebenzi kuGenesis ye-PRPS1 Yenza uhlobo lwezinzwa ezizixhunyiwe ezixhunyiwe X, ezihlobene no-DFN2. I-American Journal of Human Genetics, uMqulu 86, Issue 1, 65-71, 17 Disemba 2009. http://www.cell.com/AJHG/abstract/S0002-9297(09)00530-8. Ifinyelele ngoJulayi 2011.
Abanakekeli bokulahlekelwa kokuzwa ezinganeni ezine-symptyatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Izingane zokwelapha 110.4 (Oct 2002): p762 (6).
Ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe ngenxa ye-CMV. (Consult consult) (congenital cytomegalovirus). Izindaba Zengane 38.7 (July 2004)
Bika kanye neziNcomo: I-NIDCD Workshop kwi-Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Losing Hearing. Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuzizwa Sokuzizwa Nezinye Izinkinga Zokuxhumana. http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/funding/programs/hb/cmvwrkshop.htm.
Kubuyekezwe nguMelissa Karp, Au.D.