Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko zokulahlekelwa kokuzwa ezinganeni? Ukuze uthole izimpendulo, ngiphendukela kwi-Regional and National Summary Report of Data kusukela ku-Surveys Yonyaka Wezinzwa Nezinkinga Zokuzwa Izingane Nezingane ezenziwe yi-Gallaudet Research Institute yaseGallaudet University. Lolu cwaningo lubheka izici zezinkulungwane zezithulu nezindlebe zokufunda ezizweni lonke.
Ngaphandle kokuthi kuboniswe ngenye indlela, idatha ivela kumbiko we-2004-2005, onokuqhekeka okuningiliziwe kokubangela ukukhulelwa, okumele kwenziwe ngemuva kokubeletha kanye nezakhi zofuzo. Umbiko we-2006-2007 awunalo ukuwohloka okunjalo.
Ukukhulelwa-Okuhlobene: Ukuguqulwa kokuqala
Kungani ukungaqhathanisi kokuqala kubeka abantwana engozini yokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe? Isistimu yokuhlola ingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi isakhulile lapho umntwana ezalwa ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyisikhombisa zokubeletha. Ukwengeza, izindlebe zomntwana zingakabi nengozini yokulimala.
Ukukhulelwa-Okuhlobene: I-Cytomegalovirus
I-Cytomegalovirus , enye imbangela ehlobene nokukhulelwa, icatshangwe njengesibophezelo se-1.8% yezimo ezihlobene nokukhulelwa ezweni lonke. I-CMV ifana ne-rubella ngendlela engathinta ngayo ingane. Njenga-rubella, igciwane eliyingozi elingabangela ukuthi ingane izalwe ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuqhubekayo, ukuphuza kwengqondo, ukuphuphuthekisa noma ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Ukwaziswa nge-CMV kuyatholakala ku-Registry National Congenital CMV Registry.
Ukukhulelwa-Okuhlobene: Okunye Ukucindezeleka Ukukhulelwa
"Okunye ukucindezeleka kokukhulelwa" kwaba yilokho okulandelayo okushiwo ukukhulelwa okuhlobene nalokho okukhulunywa ngakho ekukhuleni, ku-3.8% wezinkinga ezihlobene nokukhulelwa ezweni lonke. Ukucindezeleka kokukhulelwa yilokho okungalimaza ingane, umama, noma bobabili, futhi kungaba mnene noma kuyingozi. Ngokwe-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, lokhu kuyisigaba esibandakanya izinto ezifana nokutheleleka kokubeletha, i-Rh factor, nokuntuleka kwe-oxygen.
Ukuzithulu kwami kungumphumela wokucindezeleka kokukhulelwa okuthiwa i- rubella . I-Rubella yayivame ukuxilongwa okuvamile kokukhulelwa kuze kube yilapho umuthi wokugoma waqalwa ngawo-1960. Kungenzeka nanamuhla uma umama engakaqotjelwa.
I-post-Natal: i-Otitis Media
Imithombo ye-Otitis yayiyimbangela ejwayelekile kakhulu emva kokubeletha okukhulunywe ngayo, ku-4.8% wezehlakalo zokuthunyelwa komzimba ezweni lonke. Izifo zendlebe ezihlobene ne-otitis media zikhungathekisa bobabili abazali nabadokotela, okufanele banikeze isinqumo sokuthi bangahlinzekela yini izidakamizwa noma cha. Isikhathi esithile se-otitis media singabangela ukulahlekelwa kwezwi okwesikhashana ngenxa yokwakhiwa komthamo phakathi kwezindlebe, kodwa ukuqhutshwa okuphindaphindiwe kwe-otitis media kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okungapheli.I-post-Natal: i-Meningitis
I-Meningitis , engamaphesenti angu-3.6 emaphoyiseni emva kokuzalwa, kwaba yisisusa esilandelayo esilandelayo ngemuva kokuzalwa kwesithulu esishiwo. Ama-antibiotics adingekayo ukuphatha i-bacterial meningitis angabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, kodwa lokhu kungabancipha ngokusetshenziswa kwe-steroids.I-Genetic noma i-Syndromic: I-Down Syndrome
Izici ze-Genetic noma ze-syndromic zishiwo umbiko wango-2004 kuya ku-2005 njengesibopho esingama-22.7% wezehlakalo zofuzo noma izifo. Umbiko we-2006-2007 empeleni wabonisa ukwanda kancane kwezimbangela zofuzo ku-23%. I-Down syndrome yiyona eyimbangela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-syndromic, ku-8.7% wamacala we-genetic noma syndromic ukulahlekelwa kwezwa.I-Genetic noma i-Syndromic: CHARGE Syndrome
I-CHARGE syndrome , ku-5.6% wezakhi zofuzo noma izifo zakwa-syndromic, yayiyisisusa esilandelayo sezakhi zofuzo noma i-syndromic ngemuva kwe-Down syndrome. I-CHARGE iyinkinga ye-craniofacial.I-Genetic noma i-Syndromic: Waardenburg Syndrome
I-Waardenburg syndrome ingenza izinto ezibonakalayo eziyingqayizivele futhi zibangele ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa; kwakungumthwalo wezingu-4.8% zamacala ezakhi zofuzo noma izifo ezibangelwa yi-syndromic ezweni lonke.I-Genetic noma i-Syndromic: I-Treacher Collins Syndrome
I-Treacher Collins syndrome yayiyimbangela elandelayo elandelwa kakhulu yesifo sofuzo noma isifo se-syndromic. Njenge-CHARGE, u-Treacher Collins yinkinga ye-craniofacial engabangela isithulu.Izizathu ezingaziwa
Ekugcineni, embikweni ka 2004-2005, okunye okusele kwakungenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa (cishe ama-54% amacala). Umbiko we-2006-2007 ubonwe ukwanda kwezimbangela ezingaziwa, ku-57% wamacala okuzithulu.
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Imithombo eyengeziwe: I-American Academy of Family Physicians, http://www.aafp.org/
Isibhedlela Sezingane Ezigulayo eCanada, http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca
I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/disorders/causes.htm#otitis