Abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-48 e-United States babika ukulahleka kokulalela okuncane . Izindlela zakho zokuzwa ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe zanda ngokuphawulekayo njengoba ukhula. Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa kwabantu asebekhulile nakho kuhambisana nezimpawu ezinzima ezifana nokucindezeleka nokuhlukaniswa kwabantu. Ucwaningo lubonise nokuthi lungabangela ukunciphisa isinxephezelo kulabo abasasebenza.
Ingabe kukhona ongakwenza ukuze uvimbele lokhu? Ungase umangale ukwazi ukuthi ukuvikela ukuzwa kwakho manje kungahamba ngendlela ende ekuzwa ngcono kangcono empilweni. Osemncane uma uqala ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe kungcono imiphumela yakho-nakuba ungakaze udala kakhulu ukuvikela ukuzwa kwakho.
Amazwi aphikisayo
Ukuvezwa okuphindaphindiwe emisindo enkulu (ngisho noma umsindo ungabonakali ukuthi ukhulula ngaleso sikhathi) ungalimaza amaseli amancane ezinwele ngaphakathi kwendlebe yakho. Ngeshwa, lawa maseli awavuseleli, okusho ukuthi noma yimuphi umonakalo unomphela. Ukulahleka kokuzwa komsindo kungenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe lapha e-United States, kanti amaphesenti angu-100 avinjelwe. Abantu abaningi bavame ukukhala ngokuzwakalayo njengengxenye yomsebenzi wabo. Isibonelo, labo abasebenza ekwakheni noma ngemishini emikhulu bangase bavezwe umsindo omkhulu nsuku zonke.
Uma izinyathelo zingathathwa ukuvikela ukuzwa, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lokhu kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa komsindo. Ngisho noma ungabonakali umsindo omkhulu njengengxenye yomsebenzi wakho, ukulalela umculo ozwakalayo noma ukuguqula utshani kungalimaza amangqamuzana akhethekile ngaphakathi kwendlebe yakho. Kunezici ezimbili ezinquma ukuthi ngabe ukuzwa kulahlekile ngempela uma kuziwa ekuchazeni umsindo.
Omunye umsindo omkhulu (ku-decibels) kanti enye inkinga ukuthi uthola isikhathi eside kangakanani kulowo msindo. Ochwepheshe abaningi bezokwelapha bayavuma ukuthi imisindo engaphezu kwama-decibel angu-80 ikhulu kakhulu ngokwanele ukulimaza ukuzwa kwakho, kodwa wazi kanjani ukuthi mangaki ama-decibel umsindo? Abaningi bethu abajwayele ukulinganisa njalo ukuthi umsindo ozwakalayo ungakanani, ngakho-ke ukukunika umqondo wokuthi zingakanani ama-decibel angu-80, nansi uhlu lweminye imisindo evamile nenani elilinganiselwa ku-decibel ngalinye:
- ukukhulumisana okuvamile, umshini wokulahla umshini wokuwasha, umshini wokugqoka izingubo (60-65 dB)
- umgwaqo omatasa, i-vacuum cleaner, iwashi lakho le-alamu, umshini wokugaya (70-85 dB)
- umshini omile, i-blender, iprosesa yokudla (80-90 dB)
- ukugoqa ngesandla, ukukhanya kweqhwa, ukubonwa kweketini (100-110 dB)
- ukukhishwa okukhulu kwezingoma zomculo eziningi (112 dB)
- i-siren, i-jet ethatha, i-concert rock rock (120 dB)
- i-jackhammer (130 dB)
- izibhamu zesibhamu (140 dB)
- izibhamu, eqhele ngamamitha angu-150 (i-dB 150)
Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ongazisebenzisa ezizolinganisa ama-decibel wezwi elithile.
Landela lawa macebiso ekuvimbeleni ukulahlekelwa kwezwa okubangelwa umsindo:
- Gqoka ukuvikelwa kwezindlebe (i-ears muffs noma i-plugs yezindlebe uma usebenzisa imishini ephezulu, uya ebangeni lokudubula, noma lapho uzoba khona kunoma iyiphi imvelo enezinga eliphezulu lomsindo. Ukusebenzisa amakhokheji ekhonsathini kunganciphisa ivolumu nge-35 dB.
- Vula ivolumu phansi kuthelevishini yakho, ama-radios, namadivayisi womculo womuntu siqu.
- Nciphisa isikhathi osichitha ulalela umculo ophezulu.
- Vumela izindlebe zakho ukuba ziphumule ngemuva kokuba uye wavezwa umsindo omkhulu. Kuzo zonke amahora amabili uchitha ekhonsathini noma eklabhu enomsindo omkhulu okufanele uchithe cishe amahora angu-16 ululame endaweni enokuthula.
Imithi
Ungase umangale ukwazi ukuthi imithi ethile, ngisho nemithi etholakala ngaphezu kwe-counter, ingabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Le mithi kuthiwa yi-ototoxic (okusho ukuthi ingaba yingozi kunezindlebe zakho). Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa yizidakamizwa ze-ototoxic kungenziwa okwesikhashana noma kuvuselelwe.
Ukubheja kwakho okuhle ekunciphiseni noma ukuguqula umonakalo obangelwa yimithi ukukwazi ukuthi uthatha imithi ye-ototoxic nokwazi imiphumela emibi ongayithola uma kwenzeka ukulimala ezindlebeni zakho. Nalu uhlu lweminye yemithi ejwayelekile engaba yi-ototoxic, (lolu hlu aluhlangani konke, ngoba kunemithi engaphezu kuka-200 engalimaza ukuzwa kwakho):
- inani elikhulu le-aspirin, ibuprofen, noma i-naproxen
- ama-antibiotic kuhlanganise nama-aminoglycosides, ama-quinolones, nama-macrolide (i-gentamycin, isibonelo, idume kakhulu ngokuba yi-ototoxic), futhi i-tetracycline ne-vancomycin
- anti-umdlavuza izidakamizwa ezifana ne-cisplatin, i-vinblastine
- imithi esetshenziselwa ukulawula ukucindezelwa kwegazi kuhlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwe-diuretics, i-beta blockers (metoprolol), ne-ACE inhibitor Ramipril
- I-valproate ye-sodium
- Amphotericin
- I-Ganciclovir
- I-Entacapone
- I-Tacrolimus
- I-Hydroxychloroquine
- I-Acetazolamide
Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi elandelayo ngenkathi uthatha imithi emisha, ikakhulukazi uma imithi yaziwa ngokuthi i-ototoxic, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze unciphise noma yimuphi umonakalo ekulaleleni kwakho:
- tinnitus (ukukhala ezindlebeni zakho)
- kunzima ukuqonda inkulumo
- ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi noma isiyezi
Ukuvimbela Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa Emntwaneni Wakho Noma Entsha
Inombolo ephakeme kakhulu yezingane e-United States (kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-15) kakade anezinga lokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe ngesikhathi beseneminyaka engu-6 kuya kwengu-19 ubudala. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe usencane kungase kuhambe isikhathi eside ekuvikeleni ikhono lomntanakho lokuzwa njengoba bekhula. Njengomzali, gcina lezi zingcebiso engqondweni ukuvikela ingane yakho noma izindlebe zentsha:
- Thenga amadivaysi okuzwa nezindlebe zezindlebe ezinomkhawulo wevolumu-ama-electronics amasha kakhulu.
- Uma kunokwenzeka umkhawulo isikhathi isikhathi ingane yakho evunyelwe ukulalela umculo omkhulu.
- Vula ivolumu yethelevishini phansi-kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibheka i-movie noma idlala igeyimu yevidiyo ye-elektroniki, ukulalela i-TV kakhulu kuyokwenza umonakalo omkhulu ezindlebeni zengane yakho kunokuhlala phansi eduze kwesikrini oyokwenzela emehlweni abo.
- Sebenza nodokotela wezingane futhi (uma kunesidingo) udokotela wezindlebe, umphuzi kanye nomphimbo ukuxazulula izinkinga zezindlebe, njengoketshezi ezindlebeni noma ezindlebeni zezindlebe eziphakathi ngokushesha.
- Uma ingane yakho ingatholi ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwesikole esikoleni, yenza i-aphoyintimenti ne-audiologist ukwenza lokhu kwenziwe ngonyaka.
- Uma ingane yakho isenza imisebenzi yasekhaya, njengokutshala utshani, qinisekisa ukuthi inama-ear or ear ear plugs.
Imithombo:
Amathiphu aphezulu ayishumi okuvikela ukuzwa kwakho. Izinketho ze-NHS. Kubuyekezwe: Januwari 2015. http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/hearing-problems/Pages/tips-to-protect-hearing.aspx
Ukuvimbela Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa. Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa Umhlangano weMelika. > http://www.hearingloss.org/content/prevention-hearing-loss
> Imininingwane Eyisisekelo Ngokuzwa Ukulahlekelwa. Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa Umhlangano weMelika. http://www.hearingloss.org/content/basic-facts-about-hearing-loss
> Imithi yama-Ototoxic (Imithi Yomuthi). I-website ye-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Otootoxic-Medications/
> Ototoxicity: Inhlekelele Efihlekile. Iwebhusayithi ye-NCBI. Kubuyekezwe ngoFebhuwari 2011. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3138949/