Ngaphandle kwalokho, owaziwa ngokuthi ama-germs, ama-microbes anezinto ezincane ezinjenge-bacteria, isikhunta , amagciwane noma i- protozoa ezincane kakhulu kudingeka usebenzise i-microscope namasu okubala okukhethekile ukuze uwabone. Igama elithi microbe livame ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kunegama elincane , kepha amagama amabili ngokuvamile asho into efanayo. Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, i- microbe ibhekisela ezincane ezincane ezibangelwa izifo (kuyilapho ezenza izifo), kuyilapho izinambuzane ezincane zibhekisela kukho konke ukuphila okuncane.
Imikhiqizo iningi kulo lonke ukuphila emhlabeni futhi ihlala yonke indawo, kuhlanganise emoyeni esiphefumulayo, inhlabathi, amanzi, izitshalo, izilwane nasemzimbeni womuntu. Ngenkathi ezinye izilwanyana ezincane zizuzisa empilweni, ezinye ziyabangela ukugula.
Yenzani Amakhambi?
Iningi lemikhakha emzimbeni womuntu ingasiza noma ayilimazi. Izinzuzo zisisiza sihlale siphilile futhi senze imisebenzi eyisisekelo yokuphila, njengokugaya ukudla kwethu, ukudlala izakhi, nokukhiqiza amavithamini namaprotheni aphikisayo. Umzimba womuntu uqale waba nalezi zinambuzane ezinempilo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa uma udlula emgodini wesifazane wesifazane.
Kodwa-ke, kunemikhakhazane eyingozi kakhulu ekhona emzimbeni womuntu kanye. Isibonelo, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabantu abantu base Staphylococcus aureus emaqenjini abo. Leli bhakithi ngokuvamile liyingozi kodwa lingashintsha uma lishaya ukuncintisana kusuka ezincane ezinempilo ezivame ukuyihlola.
lokho kungashintsha. Okukhathazeka kakhulu namuhla yiyona namba ekhuphuka yezinambuzane ezibangelwa izifo eziye zaqala ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane nezinye izifo.
Imikhiqizo njengengumphumela wesifo sofuba
I-hepatitis ukuvuvukala kwesibindi, futhi lokhu kungabangelwa amakhemikhali anobuthi, imithi ethile, futhi, kaningi, ukutheleleka ngezinhlobo zezinhlamvu ezincane.
Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezikhona ezibizwa ngokuthi i-hepatitis egazini, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-hepatitis A, B, C, D, no-E. Ngamunye walawa ma-virus ayisihlanu angabangela ukutheleleka kwesikhashana (okusheshayo) noma okuhlala isikhathi eside (okungapheliyo) okungabangela ekwehleni kwesibindi, ukwehluleka noma umdlavuza .
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-virus ayisihlanu abangela ukushisa kwesibindi ahlukile, adluliselwa ngokuhlukile:
I-Hepatitis A ne- E isakazwa ngokufaka ukungenisa kokudla noma amanzi aphikisiwe yizinto eziphathekayo ezivela kumuntu olelekile, owaziwa nangokuthi umzila we-fecal-oral transmission.
I-Hepatitis B isakazwa ngokuxhumana negazi elithelelekile noma ezinye izikhukhula zomzimba ezifana namathe noma umuthi.
I-Hepatitis C iyadluliselwa ngokusebenzisa ukutholakala kwegazi elithathelwanayo.
I-Hepatitis D nayo isakazwa ngokuxhumana negazi elinegciwane, kodwa abantu kuphela abasenwe yi-hepatitis B abasengozini ngoba i-hepatitis B ivumela i-hepatitis D ukuba iphile emzimbeni.
Ukwelashwa kwe-hepatitis kugxila ekususeni igciwane emzimbeni womuntu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuvikela isibindi nezinye izitho zomonakalo.
Indlela Yokuvimbela Ukuvezwa Kwe-Hepatitis-Causing Microbes
Imishanguzo ephumelelayo iyatholakala ukusiza ukuvikela ukulwa ne-hepatitis A no-B. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ekubhekaneni nesifo se-hepatitis yi:
- Ukusebenzisa amakhondomu
- Gwema ukwabelana ngezinaliti, amabhulashi wamazinyo nama-razors
- Ukufuna imvelo engenayo kanye nokusebenza okuphephile phakathi nezinqubo zezempilo, noma uma uthola izidwebo nokubhoboza
Imithombo:
I-Microbe Post, ibhulogi evela ku-Microbiology Society
I-World Health Organization