Uma sibhekisela ekuhlolweni kokuxilongwa okusetshenziselwa i-HIV, sivame ukuthatha lokho ukuchaza ukuhlolwa kogciwane lesandulela ngculaza noma ukuhlolwa okusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngabe ukutheleleka kwenzekile noma cha.
Eqinisweni, kunezivivinyo eziningi ezihlukahlukene ezisetshenziselwa ukutholakala, ukwelashwa, nokuphathwa kwe-HIV, konke okungasitshela
- kungakhathaliseki ukuthi asikho igciwane lesandulelangculaza noma i-HIV;
- yiziphi izidakamizwa ezizophumelela kakhulu kithi njengabantu ngabanye;
- ukuthi siphendula kanjani ngokuphumelelayo ukwelashwa:
- uma kukhona nemiphumela emibi yemithi ekhula, futhi;
- kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sithuthukisa ukumelana nemithi yethu ye-HIV.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuye kwaba nkulu kakhulu. Namuhla, kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1.2 baseMelika abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, abayingxenye engama-20 kuya kwezingama-25 abahlala bengatholakali, kuyilapho abangaphansi kweyodwa kwababili abakwazi ukugcina umthamo wegciwane elingabonakali obalulekile ekuphumeleleni ekwelapheni.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezibandakanya, ukuthi imiphi imiphumela ekushoyo, nokuthi isebenza kanjani kuwe njengomuntu ngamunye, ngabe une-HIV noma cha.
1. Ubani okufanele ahlolwe i-HIV (futhi nini)?
Kwakujwayele ukuthi ukuhlolelwa i-HIV kunconywa kuphela kulabo abakhonjisiwe "abasengozini." Ngo-Ephreli 2013, konke lokhu kwashintsha lapho i-US Preventive Services Task Force ikhishwa izincomo ukuthi bonke abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-15 no-65 bahlolwe i-HIV njengengxenye yokuvakashela odokotela njalo.
2. Iyiphi Indlela Ekhethiwe Yokuhlolwa kwe-HIV e-US?
Ngo-Juni 27, 2014, i-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) yakhuthaza isu elisha lokuhlola i-HIV ngokusebenzisa izilinganiso zokuhlanganiswa ezine-generation ezikwazi ukuthola ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kuze kube amasonto amane ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwamanje okuse-antibody.
Esikhundleni sokuthembela kuphela ekutholeni ama-antibodies we-HIV (okungukuthi, amaprotheni avikelayo aphendule nge-HIV), lezi zivivinyo zokuhlanganiswa ziyakwazi ukubona kokubili amasosha omzimba nama-antigen.
3. Yiziphi Izinketho Zakho Zokuhlola i-HIV?
Namuhla, kunezinyathelo eziningana zokuhlola i-HIV kusukela ekuhloleni okuthiwa "iphuzu lokunakekelwa" okwenziwa esikhungweni sezempilo kuya kuhlolwa okusheshayo ekhaya okukunikeza imiphumela kungakapheli imizuzu engu-20. Funda ukuthi ngayiphi yalezi zivivinyo zenziwa, yiziphi ukulinganiselwa kwazo, nokuthi kungenzeka kanjani (noma kungenzeka ukuthi) akufanele wena njengomuntu ngamunye.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV Kuyimfihlo kanjani?
Ukuphulwa kwemfihlo kuvame ukukhonjiswa njengesisusa esihle kakhulu sokugwema ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV phakathi kwamaMelika angenayo imali engenayo, engozini. Naphezu kwemithetho eklanyelwe ukuvikela ulwazi lomuntu wezempilo, kusekhona ukudideka mayelana nokuthi ubumfihlo bezokwelapha buqala futhi buphela kuphi. Funda ukuthi yiziphi amalungelo akho angokomthetho nokuthi yini ongayenza uma uthola ukuthi ubumfihlo bakho buphuliwe.
5. Kwenzekani Ngokuphindaphindiwe Ukuba Namaqiniso Amanga Nezimpikiswano Zamanga?
Nakuba izinga lemiphumela emihle yokuhlola i-HIV engalungile neyamanga liphansi, ngezinye izikhathi livela. Funda ukuthi kungani lezi zihlukumezeka zenzeka, yiziphi izivivinyo ezithandwa kakhulu emiphumeleni engalungile, nokuthi yini okufanele uyazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthole imiphumela enembile kunokwenzeka.
6. Zikuphi Ukulingana Okungaphakathi Kwezindlu Zasekhaya?
Ngokusho kwe-FDA, i-OraQuick Rapid In-Home Test ayilona ephephile futhi isebenziseka kalula kuphela kodwa inikeza ukuzwela nokucaca kwamaphesenti angama-95-kancane kancane kunamaphesenti angu-99.3 futhi amaphesenti angu-99.8 aboniswe ngokuhlola okususelwa emtholampilo. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kwe-point-of-care, inguqulo yangaphakathi-ekhaya iyaziwa ukuthi inamaphesenti angaba ngu-7 angamanga amanga, okusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwesinye kwezingu-12 kuzoletha uphawu olungalungile "olucacile".
7. Ukuthini i-CD4 Count and Viral Load Mean?
Ngamazwi abo ayisisekelo, inani le-CD4 lilinganisa amandla omzimba womuntu, kanti umthamo wegciwane lilinganisa inani legciwane emzimbeni womuntu.
Funda ukuthi lezi zindinganiso zisitshela kanjani, ukuthi zihlobene kanjani, nokuthi ukuqapha okufanele kungavimbela kanjani "ukuhluleka kwe-virologic" engakabi "isikhathi" somuntu ngamunye ekwelashweni kwe-HIV.
8. Kufanele Uvame Ukuthola I-CD4 Yakho Kanye Ne-Viral Load Ivivinywa?
Ngempumelelo yokwanda kwe-antiretroviral yesimanje (i-ART), ukugcizelela akufanele kubekwe ekusebenziseni izibalo ze-CD4 njengesilinganiso sempumelelo ye-ART. Ngokwemihlahlandlela ekhishwe uMnyango wezeMpilo kanye noHulumeni baseMelika ngoMeyi 1, 2014, imithwalo yegciwane kufanele ibe yedwa isetshenziselwe ukunquma lokhu, kuyilapho izibalo ze-CD4 zingase zibhekwe njengokuzikhethela kwezinye izimo.
9. Iziphi Izindlela Zakho Ezivivinya Ngegazi Zisho Ukuthini?
Ngabe umuntu uthola nini ukuthi unesandulela ngculazi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo kwenziwa njengendlela yokwelashwa. Lezi zivivinyo zingase zibikezele ukutheleleka okuthuthukayo noma zikala impendulo yomuntu izidakamizwa ngokwazo-ukubona noma ngisho nokuvimbela imiphumela emibi eyenzeka ngezinye izikhathi. Funda ukuthi lezi zivivinyo zisho ukuthini nokuthi, ngokuqonda amanani ambalwa amqoka, ungabamba iqhaza kangcono ekuphatheni okuqhubekayo kwe-HIV yakho.
10. Yikuphi ukuphikiswa kwe-Genetic kanye nokuhlolwa kweTropism?
Kunezivivinyo ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi umuntu ungumuntu ozokhethwa yini ukwelapha uhlobo oluthile lwemithi kanye / noma yiziphi izinhlobo zokumelana nezidakamizwa ezithuthukile kumuntu okuthiwa "i-viral pool". Ngokwenza lezi zivivinyo, odokotela bangaphumelela kahle ukwelashwa komuntu ngamunye, kuqinisekiswe ukulondoloza ukwelashwa kanye nemiphumela yokwelapha efanele.