Ukuhlola i-HIV kwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezimbili. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko kwenziwa. Uma kulungile, khona-ke uhlolo luphindaphindiwe ukuze luhlolwe amaphutha amanga . Uma ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko kulungile kabili, isampula ihlolwe ngokuhlolwa kwesibili, okuqondile okuqinisekisayo . Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo akukwenzi ukutheleleka kokutheleleka ngaphandle kwe-HIV.
Indlela izinhlobo zokuhlola ze-HIV ezisetshenziselwa ngayo inhlanganisela
Kunezindlela eziningi ongacabanga ngazo ngezinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwe-HIV .
Enye indlela ukubheka izindlela ezahlukene zokuhlola ezisebenzayo. Ngenye indlela ukubuka indlela izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwe-HIV ezisetshenziswa ngayo. Ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kusetshenziselwa ukubuka noma yisiphi isibonakaliso se-HIV. Ukuhlolwa okuqinisekisiwe kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola imiphumela yokuhlolwa okuyisisekelo. Umgomo wale nqubo ukunciphisa ingozi yokungatholi kahle ukuthi ubani onesandulela ngculazi.
Izivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-HIV
- I-EIA noma i-Enzyme Immune Assay: Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka ama-antibodies ku-HIV. Nokho, kunemingcele yawo. Iningi labantu liqala ukukhiqiza ama-antibodies anti-HIV phakathi kwamasonto ayisithupha kuya ku-12 okutheleleka. Kodwa abanye abantu abane-HIV bangathatha izinyanga ezingaba ngu-6 ukukhiqiza ama-antibodies anele ukuhlola okuhle kuhlolo lwe-EIA. Ngakho-ke lesi sivivinyo asiwusizo kubantu abasanda kutholakala . Ngalesi sivivinyo, umuntu osanda kugciwane lesandulela ngculaza angeke ahlolwe kahle. Noma kunjalo, bangakwazi ukudlula i-HIV kwabanye abantu. Kungenzeka, empeleni, kube nesifo esithathelwanayo.
- I-ELISA noma i-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: Lokhu kuhlolwa kufana ne-EIA. Ibuka izinto ezifanayo, kodwa isebenzisa amasu kanye nezithako ezahlukene.
- I-PCR noma i- Polymerase Chain Reaction : Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukukhulisa i-RNA egazini egazini. Ngamanye amazwi, yenza amakhophi amaningi e-RNA. Lokhu kuvumela i-RNA ukuthi ithole kalula. Ngakho-ke, i-PCR ingasiza ekutholeni ngisho nezinani ezincane zegciwane kumuntu osanda kutholakala. Noma kunjalo, kuyabiza, kudla isikhathi, futhi akutholakali kalula
Izivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekiswa kwe-HIV
- I-Western Blot: Lena yindlela esemqoka esetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuqala okuhle. Kuyinto yokuhlolwa kwe-antibody okuyinto ecacile kakhulu ye-HIV-antibodies kunezivivinyo ze-EIA / ELISA. Nokho, kuyabiza kakhulu. Yingakho isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekiswa esikhundleni sokuhlolwa kokuqala.
- I-RIPA: Lokhu kuhlola kwegazi kwenziwa uma amazinga e-antibody ephansi. Kungenziwa futhi uma imiphumela ye- Western Blot ingacacile. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuyabiza, kunzima ukwenza futhi kungasetshenziswa kaningi.
- I-Immunofluorescence Assay. Lena enye uhlobo lokuhlola okuqinisekisiwe okusetshenziselwa lapho imiphumela ye-Western Blot ingacacile. Ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa esikhundleni se-Western Blot emva kokuhlolwa kwe-ELISA.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA / RNA Amplification : Lezi zivivinyo zifana ne-PCR. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ngenkathi umphumela wesibhakabhaka esentshonalanga engacacile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Amplification sekuye kubiza kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izivivinyo zingasetshenziselwa ukucacisa umthamo wegciwane lomuntu. Lona inani legciwane elikhona emzimbeni wegazi. Ukuvivinya umthamo wesandulela ngculaza akuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlolisisa i-HIV. Kunalokho, lezi zivivinyo zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukuthi ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kuyini. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ucwaningo olubonisa ukuthi ukuhlola umthamo wegciwane ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-HIV kutholakala ukuthi kungasiza ukuxhuma abantu kudokotela ukuze banakekele.
Imithombo:
Ceffa S, Luhanga R, Andreotti M, Brambilla D, Erba F, Jere H, Mancinelli S, Giuliano M, Palombi L, Marazzi MC. Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-Cepheid GeneXpert kanye ne-Abbott M2000 I-HIV-1 ngesikhathi sangempela sokuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana okuqapha umthamo wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi nengculaza futhi ukuthola ukutheleleka kwe-HIV-1. J Izindlela Zokuphuza. 2016 Mar; 229: 35-9. doi: 10.1016 / j.jviromet.2015.12.007.
I-Nair SV, i-Kim HC, i-Fortunko J, i-Foote T, i-Peling T, i-Tran C, i-Nugent CT, i-Joo S, i-Kang Y, i-Wilkins B, uLednovich K, i-Worlock A. I-Aptima i-HIV-1 I-Dx-A isilinganiselwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kokubili ukuxilongwa kanye ne-quantification ye-HIV-1. I-J Clin Virol. 2016 Feb 4; 77: 46-54. doi: 10.1016 / j.jcv.2016.02.002.