Ukuqhathaniswa Nama-Assay Acid Okwamanje
I-US Preventive Services Task Force njengamanje iphakamisa ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV okuvele kube khona kwabaningi baseMelika abaneminyaka eyi-15-65 njengengxenye yokuvakasha kodokotela njalo. Ukwengeza, abantu abasengozini enkulu ye-HIV (isib. Ukujova abasebenzisi bezidakamizwa , amadoda alala namadoda ) bayelulekwa ukuthi bahlolwe njalo ngonyaka.
Enye yezindlela ezithandwa kakhulu zokuthola i-HIV zivivinyo okusheshayo, zitholakalayo njengezinguquko zombili kanye nezintambo zasendlini.
Zivumela iziguli ukuba zithole imiphumela engakapheli imizuzu engama-20, ukunciphisa izinkathazo ezingavimbela abantu ukuthi bangabuyeli ngemiphumela yabo.
Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nokuhlolwa kwe-antibody yendabuko, ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kuyatholakala futhi noma kuhlolwe igazi (okudinga udokotela wakho ukuba akhohlwe umunwe wakho) noma umquba (odinga i-swab yomlomo).
Kukhona ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-HIV okwamanje okuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Ezinye zitholakala kuphela ehhovisi likadokotela wakho ngenkathi eyodwa (i- OraQuick In-Home I-HIV kit ) ingathengwa ku-intanethi noma ku-pharmacy yangakini.
Phakathi kwezivivinyo ezitholakalayo kakhulu zokulondeka:
OraQuick Advanced Rapid HIV-1/2 Test Antibody
Lokhu kuhlolwa okusheshayo kuye kwavunyelwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ngegazi elinomsoco, i-plasma kanye neziphuzo zomlomo zokuthola i-HIV-1 ne-HIV-2. Uhlolo luqukethe i-paddle encane yokuhlola. Indawo yokuhlolwa esiteji ihlanganiswa ne-HIV-1 ne-HIV-2 amaprotheni.
Isibonelo sokuhlolwa (igazi, i-plasma, noma umthamo womlomo) sisetshenziselwa i-paddle (uma kwenzeka umlomo owuketshezi i-paddle is swabbed ngaphakathi emlonyeni) futhi ifakwe kwisisombululo sikanjiniyela.
Uma i-specimen iqukethe i-HIV, ibophezela amaprotheni angenisiwe emgqeni wokuhlola i-HIV obangela umugqa obomvu ukuba avele.
Imigqa ebomvu evela endaweni yokuhlolwa kanye nendawo yokulawula ye-paddle ibonisa ukuhlolwa okuhle. Zonke izivivinyo ezifanele zidinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqinisekisayo. Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kufanele kufundwe kungakapheli imizuzu engama-20 futhi kungakapheli imizuzu engama-40 ngemuva kokuba isampula ibekiwe kwisisombululo esithuthukayo.
Kwembula i-G2-1-Anti-Test Test
Lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa kwe-HIV olusheshayo luvunyiwe ukuze lusetshenziswe nge-plasma noma izibonelo ze-serum. Ngesikhathi ukuhlolwa kuthatha imizuzu emithathu ukuthuthukisa, ukuhlolwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kune-OraQuick ngoba kudinga i-serum centrifuged noma i-plasma. Ukuhlolwa kuqukethe i-cartridge enendawo yokuhlola. Njenga-OraQuick, noma yikuphi i-HIV ekhona kwisampula yokuhlola ebopha iphrotheni elifakwe endaweni yokuhlola, okwenza ichashazi elibomvu livele. Uma ichashazi elibomvu livela nomugqa obomvu osetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuhlolwa kuthathwa njengokuhle, okudinga ukuhlola okuqinisekisayo.
I-Uni-Gold Yokubuyisela Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV-1
I-Uni-Gold ivunyelwe ngathi ngegazi eliphelele, i-plasma, noma i-serum evela emgodini noma ngomunwe womunwe. Iqukethe i-cartridge engxenyeni enendawo yokuhlola, indawo yokulawula, kanye nesimo se-specimen kahle. I-specimen isetshenziselwa kahle ku-specimen kahle futhi ivunyelwe ukukhipha, ukulandelela eceleni kwesigaba sokuhlola esidlulile ezindaweni zokulawula nokuhlola.
Njengoba kunjalo ezinhlolweni ezimbili zokuqala esizixoxile ngazo, noma yikuphi i-HIV ku-specimen ebopha amaprotheni endaweni yokuhlola, okwenza ukuba umbala obomvu uvele.
Uhlolo lubhekwa ukuthi luhle uma umugqa obomvu uvela endaweni yombili yokuhlola nendawo yokulawula. Isampula ibhekwa njenganele ngokwanele uma isampula kahle sibomvu ngombala. Njengazo zonke izivivinyo ezisheshayo uma ukuhlolwa kulungile ukuhlola okuqinisekisiwe kuyadingeka.
Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-Multispot HIV-1 / HIV-2
Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuvunyelwe ukuba kusetshenziswe nge-plasma efriziwe nehlanzekile, igazi lonke, noma iselum. I-Multispot iqukethe i-cartridge yokuhlola kanye nama-reagents amahlanu: I-cartridge iqukethe i-membrane lapho ama-microparticles akhishwa khona ezindaweni ezine; izindawo ezimbili zokuhlolwa kwe-HIV-1; indawo eyodwa yokuhlola i-HIV-2; kanye nendawo eyodwa yokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umcwaningi uwanele.
Ukuhlolwa kubhekwa ukuthi kulungile nge-HIV-1 uma indawo yokulawula kanye noma kokubili amabala e-HIV-1 ephenduka obomvu, futhi enhle nge-HIV-2 uma kuvela ukulawula ne-HIV-2. Uma i-purple ivela endaweni yokulawula, indawo ye-HIV-2, futhi eyodwa noma kokubili amabala e-HIV-1, ukuhlolwa kubhekwa njenge-HIV esebenzayo (engafaneleki). Kulesi simo, i-specimen ingahlolwa ngezinye izindlela ezenza umehluko phakathi kwe-HIV-1 ne-HIV-2. Ukuhlolwa akubi uma kuphela indawo yokulawula ibonakala. Ukungabikho kwendawo yokulawula kubonisa umphumela ongavumelekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi enye iphethini yendawo.
Ukuvivinya Amanga Okungalungi Kuyenzeka
Enye inkinga ngokuhlolwa okusheshayo kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kuvela kokuhlolwa kwamanga okuhle nokubi . Ngenkathi izinguqulo ezintsha zesizukulwane zithuthukile emiphumeleni emibi, kukhona okunye okukhathazayo mayelana ne- in-home version ye-OraQuick test esheshayo I ( okufanekiselwe ).
Ngokusho kwemiphumela yesivivinyo sesithathu se-Phase III, iningi le-12 ye-OraQuick e-home test libuyisele umphumela omubi wamanga, ngenxa yecala lokuzwela okuphansi komkhiqizo. Izivivinyo zingaphinde zilahleke ukutheleleka uma zenziwa ngesikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi iwindi , lapho izinga lama-antibodies liphansi kakhulu ukuze lihlonishwe ngokunembile. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kabi komsebenzisi kukhonjiswe njengokukhathazeka okungenzeka.
Naphezu kwalokhu, amaqembu ommeli aphikisa ukuthi izivivinyo ezifana nalezi zibeka ukubuyisela ezandleni zomuntu siqu, zinikeza umqondo omkhulu wokuzimela nokuyimfihlo.
Ngenxa yalokho, ama-laboratory ase-US aphendukela kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokuhlolwa kwe-antigen / antibody (okufaka i- Alere Determine i-HIV-1/2 Combo ) engeyona nje kuphela eyinciphisa isikhathi sewindi kodwa, kwezinye izimo, yandisa amathuba impendulo efanele ngesikhatsi sokuqala (esicacile) sokutheleleka .
Imithombo:
I-Pant Pai, N .; I-Balram, iB .; Shivkumar, S .; et al. "Ukuqhathaniswa kwekhanda kuya phezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kwe-HIV okusheshayo kokunakekelwa kwe-HIV nge-oral versusus-blood-specimens: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta." Izifo ezithathelwanayo zeLancet. NgoJanuwari 24, 2012; 12 (5): 373-380.
I-pilcher, i-C .; Louie, B .; Facente, S .; et al. "Ukusebenza kwe-Rapid Point-of-Care kanye nezivivinywa zeLebhubhu zeSandulela ngculazi eQinisekile futhi eqinisiwe eSan Francisco." PLOS | Enye. NgoDisemba 12, 2013; I-DOI: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pone.0080629.
I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "Ikhaya lokuqala lokuqala-sebenzisa i-HIV Kit evunyelwe ukuzihlola." I-FDA Ulwazi Lwezempilo Lwabathengi. I-Silver Spring, MD; Julayi 2012. Idokhumenti: UCM311690