Zazivelaphi lezozinto ezimbi, kunjalo?
Kuyinto ejwayelekile namuhla ukuthi ama-fat fat acids (noma ama-trans amafutha) ayimpilo kuwe - ngokuqinisekile ayinempilo kunamafutha agcwele . Ukudla ukudla okunempilo okunempilo kudinga ukugwema amafutha okudlulisa ngangokunokwenzeka. Eqinisweni, ngonyaka we-2015 i-FDA inqume ukuthi amafutha esitokisi ayingozi kangangokuthi kumele asuswe ngokuphelele ekudleni kwethu kungakapheli iminyaka emithathu.
Ngesibindi ukucabanga ukuthi nje isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, wonke umuntu wakholwa ngokuphambene.
Amafutha Okudluliswa Avelaphi?
Ngokungafani namafutha agcwele futhi angasetshenzisiwe , amafutha esitokisi ekudleni kwethu akwenziwa ngabantu.
Amafutha we-Trans ayelokhu ekhona isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu futhi ekuqaleni angena ezidlweni zethu ngenxa yezizathu zomnotho. Kodwa empeleni bafaka kuphela ukudla kwethu kokudla ngendlela enkulu lapho ochwepheshe bezempilo bomphakathi benquma ukuthi basifanele.
Amafutha e-Trans aqoqwe ngawo-1890, ngenqubo eyenziwe nge-hydrogenated (engeza ama-athomu ama-hydrogen) amafutha angenayo. Uma isetshenziselwa amafutha esitshalo angasetshenzisiwe, okuyizinto eziphuza utshwala ezivame ukuphendulela ekamelweni lokushisa endaweni, ama-hydrohydrogenation ayingxenye yakha umkhiqizo ongelona uketshezi futhi uvame ukuqina, futhi lokho kuqina kakhulu ekamelweni lokushisa isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, amafutha asitshalo ama-hydrogenated (okungukuthi, amafutha esitokisi) angasebenza esikhundleni esifanelekayo samafutha agcwele ukudla okucutshungulwe okuhloswe ukuba kube nokuphila kwelanga elide.
Bangene Kokunikezwa Kokudla Kethu?
Ngo-1911, i-Proctor ne-Gamble yaqaphela ukuthi kungenzeka yini amafutha esitokisi, ithenge i-patent, futhi yaqala ukwenza i-Crisco ifinyeze. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha e-trans in imikhiqizo yokudla kwakuthola ukukhuliswa okulandelayo ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, lapho kube khona ukuntuleka kwebhotela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yamagargarine eqinile (egcwele amafutha ashubile) athathe.
Kodwa ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha e-trans kuya ekudleni kwaseMelika kwamane kwaphela kuphela lapho ochwepheshe benquma ukuthi kuzokwenza ngcono impilo yethu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokuthi kufundwe ngawo-1950 kanti ama-60s agcwele amafutha ahambisana nokwanda kwamazinga we-LDL (okubi) i-cholesterol (ngakho-ke, baphetha, ukwanda kwesifo senhliziyo).
Kwabuye kwaphawula ukuthi amafutha yemifino - amafutha angenayo i-insaturated - ayehlotshaniswa namazinga e-cholesterol anciphile, ngakho-ke (mhlawumbe) enempilo.
Ngakho-ke ochwepheshe bethu bezempilo yomphakathi (abasebenzisa umqondo ongagxiliki weklasi lochwepheshe), baphetha ngokuthi amafutha agcwele ayencishiswa kakhulu ekudleni kwamaMelika. Lapho bebheke nxazonke, bathole indawo ephelele - umkhiqizo owawusekupheleni amashumi eminyaka, umkhiqizo ovela emafutheni amahle yemifino, njengebhonasi, enezici ezikhangayo eziboniswa ngamafutha agcwele ukudla okucutshungulwayo.
Bathole amafutha e-trans.
Ochwepheshe Bempilo Yomphakathi Benza Into Yabo
Ngokwemvelo, lochwepheshe bezezempilo zomphakathi banquma ukuthi amafutha okuthutha kufanele athathe amafutha agcweleyo kuwo wonke uhambo lokudla, kuwo wonke amaMelika.
Ngokwezakhiwo zabo ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi - ikakhulukazi, kulokhu, isikhungo seSayensi emphakathini (CSPI) - ngo-1984 ochwepheshe bathuthukisa umkhankaso omkhulu womphakathi wokwenza kanjalo, umkhankaso onabantu abanokoqobo (okubi, izinkampani ezihahayo ) kanye nezisulu ezijwayelekile zalezi zinkolelo ezinkampani (izinsana, izimbongolo kanye nokunye okunjalo).
Imbonini yezokudla yaseMelika, eyayivame ukuzibonakalisa njengabadlali bezidlo ezinempilo, yaphikisana nayo yafaka isicelo sokuthi babulala ngamakhasimende abo ngamabomu. Kodwa umkhankaso omkhulu we-fat anti-saturated PR wawuphumelela; ngesikhathi esifushane ngokuphawulekayo, abakhiqizi bezokudla banamathela ngokuphelele.
Amafutha we-Trans athathe isikhundla samafutha agcweleyo cishe kuwo wonke ukudla okucutshungulwayo.
Umphumela waba okuthiwa "isenzakalo se-Snackwell," lapho imboni yokudla ekhona manje eguqulwa khona impilo ihlela yonke imigqa yemikhiqizo yokudla okunampilo "okungenempilo" engekho amafutha agcwele. Ngeshwa, yayithwalwe ama-carbohydrates kakhulu ama-carbs amabi), kanye nokuningi namafutha amaningi.
I-American Heart Association (AHA), ejoyina umxhwele, ithole ukusakazwa kwemali emisha engenayo imali lapho iqala ukunikeza amaningana alawa mafutha e-calorie-futhi-trans-okuphethe okunezinhlamvu (kubandakanya, ngokuphawulekayo, ama-Flakes Frosted kanye ne-Pop-Tarts) isikhulu sabo Ilebula "Inhliziyo enempilo".
Akugcini nje ukuphikisana ngokuthi isifo se-obesity esanda kubona esiye sabona e-United States sasisizwa okungenani ngokugqugquzela isenzakalo se-Snackwell yizazi zethu zempilo yomphakathi, oqhubeka nokubika izingozi zamafutha agcwele okwakungekho manje ukudla kwethu okuncane okungenempilo.
Uh-oh
Ubufakazi bokuthi amafutha e-trans ayengekho omuhle ekusetshenzisweni komuntu - futhi empeleni kwakubi kakhulu kithi - empeleni waqala ukuqoqa kahle ngaphambi kuka-1984. Kodwa lokhobufakazi obunzima bokuqala abuzange bube nomthelela ngokumelene "nesayensi ehleliwe" eyayikhulume ngamandla futhi ngomdlandla ochwepheshe abavela ezinkundleni zabo ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi.
Ubufakazi besayense obumelene namafutha ahambayo buthakathaka kancane kancane kangangokuthi bekungasakwazi ukunakwa. Kwakuyiminyaka engaba ngu-20 egcwele ngaphambi kokuba umcimbi we-Snackwell uqedwe.
Omunye angase acabange ukuthi ochwepheshe bethu bezempilo emphakathini, i-CSPI ne-AHA kungenzeka ukuthi ibonise ukuthambekela okuncane lapho iqiniso ekugcineni libonakala ngokucacile ngamafutha atshisayo ababenabo (ngokoqobo) ashaya phansi imitsi yethu. Kodwa abazange.
Esikhundleni salokho, (eholwa, ngokuphawulekayo, yi-CSPI, okwakunesibindi esiphazamisayo ku-180 ngobusuku ngobusuku) ochwepheshe base bephakamisa ukuthukuthela kwabo okugcwele ngokumelene nalabo ababi, izinkampani zokudla ezihahayo, ezazenzele zona, ngokwabo amafutha atshisayo esithweni esiphezulu sabantu bethu (kufaka phakathi nalabo abancane, abantwana, njll)
Ngoba ochwepheshe, abachwepheshe, abakwazi ukuphutha. Bavele bamukele izikhundla ezintsha, njengoba kudingeka, futhi bengazinaki futhi bakhohlwe konke abakushoyo izolo. Leyo indlela yezwe, futhi akukho okuncane okukulila lapha.
I-Moral Of The Story
Kodwa kungasiza ukukhumbula umlando odabukisayo wezinhlayiya ze-trans njengabachwepheshe bezempilo bomphakathi - ngesilinganiso esifanayo sokuqinisekisa, intshiseko nokufutheka okwenziwe ngamafutha okudlulisela phezu kwethu, kanye nokumemezela okufanayo mayelana nesayensi okuxazululwe nokuthi ubufakazi obusayo obuphikisanayo kufanele bubekwe indiva - namhlanje bazama ukugunyaza ukuvinjelwa kasawoti okunamandla okungenakwenzeka ngokomzimba kunabanye abantu.
Ngisho nje.
Imithombo:
I-Mozaffarian D, i-Katan MB, i-Ascherio A, et al. I-Trans fatty acids nezifo zenhliziyo. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1601.