Izithobezi ezinamahloni ziyizingqungquthela ezincane, ngobukhulu bebhontshisi encane, eseduze nesikhumba segciwane entanyeni. Lezi zinhlayiya zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawulweni kwe-calcium emzimbeni. Nakuba izifo zingathinta le gland, umdlavuza awuvamile.
Ngenkathi i-parathyroid gland ne-gland yegciwane ibelana ngamagama afanayo futhi atholakala eduze komunye nomunye, awaxhomeke komunye nomunye ukuze asebenze.
Umsebenzi
Izigulane ze-parathyroid zinomthwalo wokulawula i-calcium, into ebalulekile emzimbeni wethu ngenxa yomsebenzi wezinzwa nemisipha. I-calcium ilawulwa i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-hormone ye-parathyroid, noma i-PTH.
Lapho amazinga e-calcium egazini ephansi, i-PTH igqugquzela ukukhululwa kwe-calcium esitheni. Ibuye ivuselele ukuvuselelwa kwe-calcium ezintsheni okusho ukuthi i-calcium encane isuke igcwele umchamo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PTH iguqula ifomu elingasebenzi lika vithamini D kwifomu esebenzayo ka vithamini D. Lolu hlobo olusebenzayo lwe-vitamin D lwandisa ukumuncwa kwe-calcium emanzini, okuqhubeka nokwandisa amazinga e-calcium egazini.
Lapho amazinga e-calcium ephakeme egazini, ama-gland ane-parathyroid anciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-PTH. Lokhu kuvimbela i-calcium ukuba ixhomeke emathanjeni futhi ivumela ukuba i-calcium ethe xaxa idonswe emcinini.
Hyperparathyroidism
Njengezinye izitho nezindwangu emzimbeni, i-parathyroid isengozini yezifo.
Esinye isifo esivamile esithinta ingqondo ye-parathyroid iyinhloko ye-hyperparathyroidism, ekhonjiswe ngengxube ye-parathyroid eyingozi futhi i-hormone eyengeziwe ngokweqile. I-hyperparathyroidism eyinhloko ngokuvamile ivela ngenxa yesisu esibi (esingewona umdlavuza) kwesinye sezigonda ezibucayi noma ukugwedla kwe-gland, okuthiwa i-parathyroid hyperplasia.
Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza we-parathyroid gland uyimbangela.
I-hyperparathyroidism yesibili ingase ibe khona ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-vitamin D. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukutholakala kwevithamini D kubangela ukwehla kwamazinga e-calcium emzimbeni, okubangela ingulube ye-parathyroid ukukhulula i-PTH. Isifo sezinso singabangela i-hyperparathyroidism ngoba uhlobo olungasebenzi lwe vithamini D alungiswa kahle ekubeni li-vitamin D. esebenzayo.
Eminye imdlavuza, njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu , ingakhipha i-hormone ehlobene futhi ilingise i-hormone ye-parathyroid, okwenza izimpawu ze-hyperparathyroidism njengezinhlungu zomzimba, ukukhathala, ukucindezeleka nokuqothulwa.
I-Hypoparathyroidism
I-Hypoparathyroidism, lapho izigulane ezizimele zisebenza kahle, zingase zenzeke-nakuba lokhu kungavamile, ngoba abantu abaningi banezinhlayiya ezine-parathyroid, ngakho-ke kuvamise ukusekela emuva. Isizathu esivame kakhulu se- hypoparathyroidism ukulimaza ama-glands ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa entanyeni, njengokungathi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid.
Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa izifo zofuzo ezisanda kuzalwa, izifo ezizimele , isifo sesibindi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Wilson's, ukugqithiswa kwensimbi , noma umdlavuza osabalalisa noma owenzela i-parathyroid gland.
Lokhu kusho ukuthini lokhu
Uma udokotela wakho esolwa ukuthi unenkinga ngezinga lakho le-parathyroid noma lama-calcium, uzothunyelwa ku-endocrinologist.
Izindaba ezinhle yizimbangela ezivamile zezifo ezinokukhubazeka, njenge-hyperparathyroidism eyinhloko, ngokuvamile ingaphathwa kahle.
Imithombo:
Imishini, SE. Histology for Pathologists, Edition Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007.
I-Nussey S. Endocrinology: Indlela Ehlanganisiwe. Isahluko 5: Izithobezi kanye nevithamini D.