Amathoni Aphakathi Kwendlebe Ephakathi Adlulisela Umsindo Kubuchopho
I-ossicles yokucwaninga iluhlu lwezintambo ezincane endlebeni ephakathi edlulisa umsindo kusuka endlebeni yangaphandle kuya endlebeni yangaphakathi ngokusebenzisa ukudlidliza kwemishini.
Amagama amathambo ahlanganisa ama-ossicles aqoshiwe athathwa esiLatini. I-malleus ihumusha "isando," i-incus yiyona "i-anvil," futhi ama-stapes yi "isithuthuthu."
Ngenkathi kuphakathi kokuzwa, izintathu zamathambo okucwaninga zifika endaweni engekho enkulu kunenzalo ye-orange.
Indlela i-Auditory Ossicles isebenza ngayo
Inhloso ye-ossicles yokuhlola (ebizwa nangokuthi i-ossicular chain) yukudlulisa umsindo nge-chain reaction of vibrations ezixhuma i-eardrum entendeni yangaphakathi ne-cochlea. Uma izidakamizwa zifinyelela ku-cochlea, ikamelo elingenalutho, elinomkhumbi eligcwele uketshezi, lihunyushwa emicabangweni yezinzwa lapho ubuchopho buhumusha njengomsindo.
Ukuphendula kwezintambo zokucwaninga kuqala lapho umsindo ufika eardrum (isibhande se-tympanic). Umfutho wokucindezela udluliselwa kumalleus, ithambo elichazweyo eliguquguqukayo kwelinye lamalungu angama-incudomalleolar.
I-vibration isuke idluliselwa ku-incus eguquguqukayo kwesinye isihlanganisi ngaphambi kokudlulisela impulses kuya kwi-stapes, ithambo layo elingabonakali nje njengesithutha kodwa liyingcosana emzimbeni.
Indima ye-ossicle yokucwaninga iphelile lapho ukufakelwa kokududuza kudluliselwa ku-cochlea ngokusebenzisa iwindi le-oval (ukuvula phakathi kwephakathi nendlebe yangaphakathi).
I-ossicles yokuhlola iyingxenye ebalulekile ekuzwa ngoba i-waves yomsindo esuka emoyeni kuya emgodini ogcwele amanzi ogcwele i-cochlea. Bathuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo izidakamizwa ngama-decibel angaba ngu-30 (dB) ukuze afake lesi shintsho.
Isimiso somsindo
Ngaphezu kokusiza ukuzwa, i-ossicles yokuhlola ikhonza umsebenzi wokuzivikela uma ivuliwe emisindo eqhubekayo, ezwakalayo.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, imisipha ye-eardrum (ebizwa ngokuthi i-stapedius kanye ne-tensor tensor tympani muscles) izokwenza isivumelwano. Ukuqinisa kunciphisa ikhono le-eardrum lokudlidliza, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukunyakaza kwama-ossicles wokuhlola kanye nomthelela womsindo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela, noma kunjalo, ukuthi lokhu akusiyo impendulo esheshayo. I-loop emkhatsini we-eardrum nobuchopho kanye nomhlane kufanele kuqala ivuselelwe umsindo omkhulu ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe isithintelo. Ngakho-ke, i-eardrum nokuzwa kungenzeka kungavunyelwe ekuzwakaleni komsindo omkhulu.
Ubudala bunganciphisa ijubane le-loop, okwenza abantu asebekhulile bangabe besengozini yokuzwa.
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Auditory Ossicles
I-ossicles yama-auditory ingahle ingonakaliswe ngezikhathi ezithile, kokubili ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile. Ukulimala kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa, ngezinye izikhathi kunzima, futhi kungafaka:
- I-otosclerosis , isimo lapho amathambo ahlolisisa khona futhi ngezinye izikhathi kudinga ukuhlinzwa
- Ukususwa kwamathambo okuhlola ngenxa yokuphuka, ukuhlukunyezwa, noma ukutheleleka okungapheli
- I-Cholesteatoma , i-cyst eqala ngemuva kwe-eardrum futhi ivimbela ukunyakaza kwamathambo okuhlola
- I-Eardrum i-perforation noma ukutheleleka (myringitis) okunciphisa izimpendulo zokududuza emathanjeni okuhlola
- Izindlebe ezisezingeni eliphakathi okungabangela ukwakhiwa okuketshezi okuvimbela ukunyakaza kwethambo lokuhlola
- Izifo zofuzo eziphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwe-ossicles yokuhlola
> Umthombo:
> Saha, R .; Srimani, P .; I-Mazumdar, A. et al. "Ukushintshashintsha Kwemvelo Ye-Ossicles Ephakathi Nezinkinga Zomtholampilo." J Clin Diagn Res. 2017; 11 (1): AC01-04. I-DOI: 10.7860 / JCDR / 2017 / 23906.9147.