Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezifo zendlebe, kepha ama-otitis media ajwayelekile kakhulu. Kuyenzeka lapho uketshezi kanye ne-pus ekwakheni indlebe ephakathi, okwenza ubuhlungu bezindlebe. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa umkhuhlane noma ukugula okungavimbela amanzi, ukwethula amabhaktheriya noma amagciwane, futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala. Izifo zendlebe zivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane kepha zingenzeka nakubantu abadala.
Iningi lingaphathwa kalula nge-antibiotics noma ngaphandle, kepha ukufakwa kwe-tube indlebe kunganconywa ukuze kube nesidingo se-otitis media.
I-Otitis media ne-effusion (OME) ibonakala uma kunomkhuhlane endlebeni (ngokuvamile elandela umkhuhlane) kepha akukho ukutheleleka okusebenzayo. Ukutheleleka kwendlebe yangaphandle kuthiwa i- otitis externa (indlebe yokudoba).
Izimpawu
Kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezindala, uphawu oluvelele kakhulu olubonisa u-otitis media lubuhlungu . Izingane zivame ukuqhuba umkhuhlane ngezifo zendlebe, kodwa hhayi njalo. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela emva kokungqubuzana okubandayo noma komzimba.
Izingane kanye nezingane ezincane zizwa ubuhlungu kodwa azikwazi ukutshela abazali bazo ngokungahambi kahle kwazo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufuna izinkomba ezingekho amazwi ukuze zibe nokutheleleka indlebe. Lokhu kufaka:
- Ukudonsa endlebeni
- Ukukhala ngaphezu kokujwayelekile
- Kunzima ukulala
- Ukugeleza kusuka endlebeni
- Izinkinga nge-balance noma ukuzwa
- Ukunciphisa ukudla
- Umkhuhlane ongachaziwe
Ukutheleleka indlebe akuzona neze eziphuthumayo ezinganeni, uma nje ubuhlungu bungalawulwa.
I-American Academy of Pediatrics ikhuthaza izindlela zokwelapha ubuhlungu nokulinda izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ukubona ukuthi lihamba yini, njengoba livame. Kufanele uhlole udokotela wakho ngokuthi ingane idinge ukuthi ibonwe nini. Abantu abadala kufanele babize udokotela wabo lapho bezwa ubuhlungu bezindlebe noma ezinye izimpawu bese bebona ukuthi kufanele balinde noma bangene ukuhlolwa.
Izimpawu zomsindo we-otitis media ongapheli zingabandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe, ukugeleza kwezindlebe ezingapheli, izinkinga zokulinganisela, ubuthakathaka obusweni, ubuhlungu bezindlebe ezijulile, ikhanda, umkhuhlane, ukudideka, ukukhathala, nokugeleza noma ukuvuvukala ngemuva kwendlebe.
Ukuhlukunyezwa okuvamile kwe-otitis media kuyinto i-eardrum ephukile ngenxa yenkinga ye-fluid eqoqiwe kanye ne-pus, futhi ungathola i-vertigo. Izinkinga ezinzima zihlanganisa ukutheleleka okusakazeka emthini we-mastoid ( mastoiditis ) noma kwezinye izindawo. Imithombo ye-otitis engapheli ezinganeni ingaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezindlebe futhi idambise inkulumo nokuthuthukiswa kolimi.
Izimbangela
Nakuba izinhlobonhlobo zezindlebe ezihlukahlukene zingabangela ezinye izimpawu ezifanayo, izimbangela zazo ziyahlukahluka.
Ukuvinjwa kwebhubhisi eustachian ehlanganisa ngemuva komphimbo wakho ngezindlebe zakho eziphakathi kwenza isiteji se-otitis media. I-tube ayikwazi ukukhipha indlebe ephakathi uma usukhulile ukuvuvukala, i-mucus, noma ukuxubana ngokuvamile okwenzeka nge-upper infiratory infiratory or rhinitis ye-allergenic. Ama-bacterium noma amagciwane angakwazi ukuphindaphinda endlebeni ephakathi bese ebangela ukutheleleka indlebe .
Izingane eziphakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-6 neminyaka emibili zisesengozini enkulu ngoba amashubhu abo e-eustachian awanakukwazi ukukhipha uketshezi ezindlebeni zangaphakathi futhi angakwazi ukutheleleka ekutheni izifo ezithathelwanayo ziphefumula ngenxa yezifo zabo zokuzivikela ezingasetshenzisiwe.
Izingane ezingakaze zibelethwe ngamabele okungenani ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala zokuphila, okuphakelayo kwebhodlela ngenkathi zibeka phansi, noma ukusebenzisa i-pacifier ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala nazo zengozi enkulu yokutheleleka indlebe.
Ukubhema nokuchayeka kwesibhakela somsakazo kwandisa ingozi. Ezinye izici ezingozini zibandakanya i-palate ecacile nezinye izifo ezibuhlungu kakhulu, i- adenoids ekhulisiwe, i-polyps yama-nasal , nezifo ze-mucosal ezifana nesinitis.
I-otitis media (COM) ehlala njalo ibonisa ukuthi umthamo ukhona phakathi kwezindlebe eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu. Isimo esivame ukuvela eminyakeni eminingi phakathi kwabantu abanenkinga yokulalela njalo.
I-OME ingenzeka futhi uma wehla ngomkhuhlane noma emphuthelweni futhi umkhuhlane ugcwala phakathi kwezindlebe ngenxa yokuvuvukala, kodwa akukho ukutheleleka okusebenzayo. Uketshezi oluvame ukuhamba yedwa phakathi kwamasonto amane kuya kweyisithupha. Kuvame ukwenzeka kaningi ezinganeni eziphakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-6 neminyaka engu-3 ubudala. Abafana abathintekile kunamantombazane.
Indlebe ye-swimmer (i-otitis externa) ihluke ku-otitis media ukuthi amabhaktheriya aphindaphinda emanzini afakwe engxenyeni yangaphandle yezindlebe. Ukubhukuda, ngokwemvelo, kuyinto ejwayelekile yokufaka ingozi, kodwa ukufaka iminwe noma ukotini swabs endlebeni kungasiza futhi kulokhu.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa okuqondile kokutheleleka indlebe kudinga ukuvakashela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Uzosebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile (i-otoscope) ukubheka ngaphakathi kwendlebe ukuze anqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokutheleleka indlebe okungenzeka lukhona. Ukucabanga ngokuvamile akudingeki. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo esiphakathi kwendlebe esiphakathi, i-CT scan noma i-MRI ingenziwa ukuze ihlolwe ukungahleleki kwesakhiwo noma ama-abscesses.
Ukwelapha
Izifo eziningi eziphakathi kwezindlebe eziphakathi zivele zivele zizodwa emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Udokotela wakho angakukwazisa ukuthi ngabe ukubukela nokulinda noma ukwelashwa kunconywa.
Ibuprofen noma i-acetaminophen engaphezu kwe-counter ingasetshenziswa ubuhlungu bezindlebe. Uma udokotela esenza ukuthi ahlolwe isifo sofuba, ama-antibiotic ayobekwa ngokusho kwemikhombandlela esekelwe eminyakeni yobudala nezinye izindlela. I-Amoxicillin iyinhlangano yokuqala yokukhetha ngoba ihlanganisa i-agent evamile kakhulu ye-bacterial agent. Amanye ama-antibiotics asetshenzisiwe uma uthola umuthi we-penicillin. Indlebe yehla nge-antichetic yochungechunge ingabuye ibekwe ukuze kusize ngobuhlungu bendlebe.
Uma ingane yakho inomdlavuza ongapheli, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi abe namathoyizi amancane abekwe ezindlebeni zakhe ukuze asize ukukhipha uketshezi olwakhiwe. Nakuba lena inqubo evamile kakhulu futhi elula, kunezingozi ezihilelekile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lohlinzekwa noma i-anesthesia nesinqumo kufanele sibe yilabo abahlolisiswa ngokucophelela ngabazali nodokotela.
Ukunakekelwa nokukhathazeka
Ukubhekana nokutheleleka kwezindlebe kungakhungathekisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungokwakho noma ingane yakho. Uma ngabe ama-antibiotic anqunywe, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngeke ubone umehluko emabonakalini okungenani amahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-48. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka kube khona umkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu obukhulu bezindlebe ngaleso sikhathi. Ingane ingase iqhubeke ibe yinkinga futhi ibhekene nobunzima bokulala. Sebenzisa ukuhlunga ubuhlungu uma kudingeka futhi njengoba kuqondiswa; ungase uzame ukusebenzisa indwangu efudumele noma epholile endlebeni ethintekile.
Iziphazamiso ezifana namavidiyo, izincwadi, namageyimu kungathatha ukugxila kwengane kude nobuhlungu nokungahambi kahle. Uma usuchithe isikhathi eside kakhulu nengane encane, cela usizo ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha ikhefu.
Kubuye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha yonke imithi enqunyiwe. Ukuqeda ama-antibiotic anqunyiwe kungabangela amabhaktheriya amaningi anqabile futhi kubangele ukuthi ukutheleleka kuqhubeke.
Izwi elivela
Izifo zendlebe ziyingxenye evamile yobuntwana. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ubona izimpawu ezinganeni yakho. Kokubili wena nomntanakho, nciphise ukuchayeka komusi wesimanga noma ukuyeka ukubhema. Qinisekisa ukuthi uthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela amakhaza kanye nomkhuhlane, kuhlanganise nokuthola imigomo ephakanyisiwe kanye nokugujwa komkhuhlane waminyaka yonke.
Imithombo:
> Izifo zendlebe. I-MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html.
> Lieberthal A, uCarroll A, uConthitree T, et al. Ukuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Acute Otitis Media. I-Pediatrics 2013; 131 (3): e964-99.
> Limb CJ, uLustig LR, iKlein JO. I-Acute Otitis Media e-Adult (i-Suppurative ne-Serous). Kusesikhathini. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-otitis-media-in-adults.
> Ukwelashwa Kwendlebe Ephakathi. I-American Academy of Pediatrics. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/Middle-Ear-Infections.aspx.