Ukuhambela abantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza kungabangela ukucindezeleka, ikakhulukazi lapho behamba phesheya noma ngaphesheya kwamabanga amade. Kungabandakanya imishanguzo noma imithi ekhethekile lapho uvakashela amazwe athile noma ufuna ukuthi ushintshe isimiso sakho sokufaka lapho uhamba ngezindiza izikhathi eziningi.
Kwezinye izimo, kungase kube nemithetho noma iziqondiso ezivimbela ukuhamba kwabahambi be-HIV.
Kodwa, ukulungiselela kuyisihluthulelo sokunciphisa ukucindezeleka okuhambayo nokugwema izinkinga nezinkinga ezingahle zonakalise uhambo oluphelele.
Izindleko zokuhamba
Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-12 baseMelika bahamba phesheya unyaka ngamunye, ngenani elikhulayo elihamba ngezinyawo ezindaweni ezingathuthuki emazweni asathuthuka. Ngokusho kwe-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), abangaphezu kwesigamu salezi zihambi bazogula, banezimbangela ezivela ekuthelelekeni kuya ekulimazeni ekudleni- noma eziphethwe ngamanzi.
Abantu abanesisindo somzimba sokuzivikela basengozini ikakhulukazi. Lokhu akukona nje ukukhathazeka kubantu abanesifo se-HIV esesimweni esilandelayo ( izibalo ze-CD4 ngaphansi kwama-200 amaseli / mL), kodwa ngisho nalabo abane-immune function (CD4 counts between 200-500 cells / mL).
Uma uhlela ukuhamba ezweni elikhulayo, ukugonywa kuvame ukuphakanyiswa kubo bonke abavakashi, abane-HIV noma cha. Lokhu kuzokusiza kangcono ukuthi izifo ezithathelwanayo ezivame kuleso sifunda (ezifana nesifo somkhuhlane we-typhoid noma isifo sofuba) kugwenywe.
Ngezinye izikhathi, imithi yokuvimbela yomlomo ingahle ibekwe.
Ngenkathi eziningi zale mikhiqizo zeluleka kakhulu phambi kwe-HIV, ezinye azikho. Eqinisweni, imishanguzo eminingi ebizwa ngokuthi iphila ngemithi ephikisiwe (imishanguzo eyenziwa ngesifo esibucayi segciwane bukhoma) iphikisana nabantu abanesandulela ngculazi okungenzeka babangele izifo kunokuzivimbela.
Ezinye izigciwane ezibhekiswe ezitheni ezinjenge- yellow fever , zihle kakhulu kubantu abanempilo, abane-HIV. Abanye, njengegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, kufanele bagwenywe kubo bonke abantu abane-HIV, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-CD4 count.
Isimiso esingcono kakhulu sesithupha ukuhlangana nodokotela wakho amaviki amane kuya kwesithupha ngaphambi kokuhamba kolwandle ukuze uxoxe ngemiphi imithi kanye / noma izidakamizwa zokuvimbela zilungile. Ungahlola iwebhusayithi ye-Traveler's Health, ephethwe i-CDC, ngezincomo zezempilo zezempilo kanye nezeluleko zokuhamba.
Uma ungeke ukwazi ukugonywa nganoma yisiphi isizathu, udokotela wakho angakhipha isitifiketi sokukhululwa esichazela ukuthi kungani ukwelashwa kungakwazi ukuhanjiswa. Nokho, hambisa ukuthi ukuxoshwa okungase kungamukeleki kuwo wonke amazwe ( bheka ngezansi ) nokuthi kungafaka ulwazi mayelana nesimo sakho se-HIV ongathanda ukuwabelana ngaso.
Futhi lapho ufika, qaphela noma yiziphi izifo ezithinta amanzi noma izifo ongase uzihlangabezane nazo. Gwema okulandelayo uma uvakashela izwe elikhulayo:
- Izithelo nemifino enomsoco (izithelo ezihlutshiwe kungenzeka ukuthi zilungile uma uzihlungile)
- Thepha amanzi noma iqhwa elenziwe ngamanzi okupompo (okuhlanganisa ukuxubha amazinyo akho ngamanzi kampompi)
- Imfucu noma inyama eluhlaza
- Ubisi olungasetshenziswanga noma imikhiqizo yobisi
- Ukuthenga okuthengwe kwabadayisi bezitaladi
- Iziphuzo zokuphuza okungazange uzivule
Imithetho Yokuhamba Yomhlaba Wonke & Imingcele
Nakuba amazwe amaningi engenayo imikhawulo yokuhamba evimbela abantu abanesandulela ngculaza, kukhona okungu-18 okwenzayo kanye nabanye abangekho imithetho ecacile noma imithetho elawula ukungena. Ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho kuvame ukuhluka kakhulu, ngokuhlolisisa ngokujwayelekile kubeka izivakashi ezihlala isikhathi eside nabokufika esikhundleni sokuvakasha abavamile.
Ngaphambi kokubhuka noma yikuphi uhambo lwangaphandle, qiniseka ukuthi uthole isithombe esiphelele semithetho yezwe ngokuvakashela i-Global Database, iwebhusayithi engeyona inzuzo ephethwe yi-European AIDS Treatment Group, i-Deutsche AIDS-Hilfe kanye ne-International AIDS Society.
Okuqukethwe kubuyekezwa njalo futhi kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ekukhathazeni okuningi ongase ube nakho njengomhambi wezokuvakasha noma webhizinisi.
Ngisho noma izwe lingenalo imingcele esemthethweni mayelana nezivakashi ezibangelwa yi-HIV, ungacabangi ukuthi uzokwamukelwa ngezandla ezivulekile. Uma ungabaza, shayela i-ambassy, ​​consulate, noma ihhovisi eliphakeme elizweni ohlela ukulivakashela, futhi ubuze ukuthi imithetho yamanje iphathelene nabantu abane-HIV. Zama ukukhuluma ngokuqondile futhi ukhumbule ukuthi awudingi ukudalula igama lakho noma isimo sakho se-HIV.
Uma, nganoma yisiphi isizathu, kufanele uvakashele izwe elinemikhawulo yokungena (ithi, ebalulekile ebhizinisini noma ekuvakasheni komndeni), ulinganise izingozi ngokucophelela futhi uqiniseke ukuthi unezinombolo ze-embassy yasekhaya yase-US noma u-consulate ngesandla okufanele ugijime kunoma yiziphi izinkinga.
Ekugcineni, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzocelwa ukuthi une-HIV uma ufaka. Uma isikhulu esilawula umngcele sicela ukuba useshe isikhwama sakho bese ubuza ngemithi yakho ye-HIV, mane umtshele ukuthi bangokwesimo esingapheli. Ngaphandle kokuba ulethe imithi eminingi, ngokuvamile ngeke icindezele inkinga. Sebenzisa isahlulelo sakho esingcono kakhulu futhi ucabange ukuthi ukuhamba ezweni elivimbela i-HIV kuyisithakazelo sakho.
Umshwalanse we mpilo
Umshuwalense wezempilo ubaluleke kakhulu lapho uhamba njengoba kwenzeka lapho uhlala ekhaya ngokuphepha. Qinisekisa ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe inqubomgomo yakho izokwenzela yini "izindleko zesintu nezifanele" esibhedlela uma ukugula noma ukulimala kwenzeka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nezindleko zokufuduka kwamanye amazwe, ezingavamile ukuhlanganiswa nezinqubomgomo zomshuwalense.
Uma ukubandakanya inqubomgomo yakho kufushane, ungathola uhlu lwabahlinzeki bomshuwalense wokuhamba ophakanyisiwe ovela ehhovisi laseBurkey of Consulate Affairs. Le database yokusesha ingaphinde inikeze izincomo mayelana nodokotela basekhaya kanye nezibhedlela kanye nokunikeza imininingwane yokuthintana ne-ambassy yakho eseduzane yase-US, i-consulate noma i-ambassy mission.
Yeluleka ukuthi akukho okuthola usizo lwezokwelapha noma umuthi uma uhambela phesheya. Abadala bangakhetha ukuthenga uhlelo lokuxhaswa kwezidakamizwa (C kuya J) , okubandakanya inzuzo yezimo eziphuthumayo zokuhamba ngezinsuku zokuqala ezingu-60 zohambo lwakho. Abanye bazodinga ukuthenga umshuwalense we-supplemental ezifanele izidingo zabo.
I-Smart Packing
Ukulahlekelwa noma ukuntuleka kwezidakamizwa zakho ze-HIV ngeke nje kubhubhise iholidi, kungalimaza impilo yakho. Uma uhlela uhambo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlala ekhaya noma ngaphandle, qiniseka ukupakisha imithi eyengeziwe lapho kwenzeka uhambo lwakho lwandiswa, indiza iphuze, noma ezinye izidakamizwa zakho zilimazekile noma zilahlekile.
Ngokuhamba okufishane, ngokuvamile kuyinto enhle ukupakisha kabili inani elidingekayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlale uphatha imithi yakho esandleni sakho (hhayi izikhwama zakho ezihloliwe) futhi uzigcine kude kunoma yikuphi uketshezi noma ama-gel okungenzeka upake. Isikhwama sokuvala isikhala esivamile singase sikwenze ukuqeda ukulimala kwamanzi ngengozi.
Ezinye izincomo okufanele uzicabangele zihlanganisa:
- Uma uhamba emazweni lapho izifo ezithwala umiyane (njenge-feengue fever noma i-malaria) zivame ukuqiniseka ukuthi ziletha izinto eziningi zokwehla kwezinambuzane nge-DEET engamaphesenti angu-30. Ukuthungwa kwemisipha (kufaka phakathi amamodeli ahlanganiswe ne-DEET) kungathengwa kubathengisi be-intanethi futhi inikeze isivinini esengeziwe sokuvikela lapho ulele.
- Ukuze wenze izinto zibe lula ekulawuleni umngcele, ungacela udokotela wakho ukukunikeza incwadi kanye nemithi kadokotela echaza ukuthi izidakamizwa zakho zisebenzelana nokwelapha isimo esingelapheki. Ngenye indlela, ungaletha amaphilisi akho ebhodleleni le-pharmacy elingavaliwe negama lakho eliphrintiwe kulebula. Futhi, ulwazi mayelana nawe ukuxilongwa kwe-HIV akudingeki kufakwe.
- Letha i-ID yakho yomshuwalense ikhadi kanye namafomu amaningi okumangalelwa uma udinga ukuvakashela udokotela, umtholampilo, noma igumbi lokuphuthumayo ngenkathi uhamba. Ngezinye izikhathi ungalanda amafomu kuwebhusayithi yakho yomhlinzeki yomshuwalense noma ucele ukuba inkampani ikuthumelele ikhophi ngaphambi kokuhamba kwakho.
- Imithi eminingi ye-HIV idinga ukuthathwa ngokudla. Ngenkathi iningi lezinkampani ezithatha isikhathi eside lizokunikeza ukudla okulula ngesikhathi sezindiza, uthathe ukudla uma kwenzeka. Kunconywa, isibonelo, ukuthi i- Edurant (rilpivirine) ithathwe ngamakhilomitha angu-390 wokudla. Amaprotheni amabhedi ngokuvamile ayindlela ehle yokuwa emuva.
Izinguquko zesimiso sokudoba
Uma uhamba ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezithile noma izikhathi eziningi, lungiselela ukwenza izinguquko esimisweni sakho sokulinda ukuze ugweme izikhala ekwelapheni. Ngokuhamba okufishane, ungakwazi ukugcina isimiso sakho esijwayelekile ngaphandle komthelela ohlelweni lwakho lokulala noma lokuvusa.
Ukuze uhambo olude phezu kwezindawo eziningi zesikhathi, sebenzisa isimiso sokulanda kusengaphambili ukuthi ungakwazi ukunamathela ngokufanelekile, ukulinganisa amahora angama-24 ngaphandle kwemigomo eyodwa yansuku zonke namahora angu-12 ngaphandle kwemibandela emibili-yansuku zonke. Izaziso ezizenzekelayo zefoni zingasiza kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho uhamba khona ngasentshonalanga lapho ulahlekelwa khona amahora kunokuba uzuze.
Ukuvumela izikhala ezinkulu isikhathi phakathi kwamanani (noma ukulahlekelwa amanani ngokuphelele) kunciphisa izinga lokwelapha lomuthi ekusakazeni kwegazi lakho. Lokhu kuyinto yokuzama ukugwema njengoba kungabangela ukubuya komsebenzi wegciwane futhi kungabambelela ekuphikisweni kwezidakamizwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi . Kodwa-ke, uma ungaphuthelwa umthamo, ungazitholi umthamo ophindwe kabili ngomzamo wokubamba. Vele ubuyele kuhora lakho lamahora angu-12 noma amahora angu-24, usebenzisa noma yikuphi amathuluzi okunamathela okudingayo ukuze ulandelele.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "Izinkomba Nezigaba Zokugula Ezihlobene Nokuhamba, 2000-2010." Izifo Ezithathelwanayo Ezikhulayo. Julayi 2013; 19 (7): 1049-1073.
> I-National Travel and Tourism Office (NTTO). "Ukuhamba Komoya Kweminyango Yenyanga Yonke YaseMelika eya Ezingxenyeni Zomhlaba Wonke." Washington, DC; 2016.
> I-Global Database mayelana nezivimbelo zokuhamba nge-HIV. "Amazwe anomkhawulo wokuhlala isikhathi esifushane (
> U / S. Amasevisi weMedicaid neMediare Services (CMMS). "Ukuhamba (uma udinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngaphandle kwe-US" Medicare.gov.
> Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa zase-US (FDA). " Okuhlelekile - Amaphuzu avelele okuchaza imininingwane." I-Silver Springs, eMadland; Agasti 2015.