I-HIV ukuqhuma kwe-HIV kugcizelela izingozi zokungazi
Ngo-Mashi 27, 2015, khona-i-Indiana Governor Mike Pence umemezele isimo sezimo eziphuthumayo ngemuva kwezikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi lapho kuqinisekiswe inani elisha lama-HIV amasha phakathi kwabajova abasebenzisa izidakamizwa (IDU) eScott County. Iningi lala macala lalihlukaniswe edolobheni lase-Austin futhi lizungeze idolobha lase-Austin (i-pop 4,295), lapho ukutheleleka kwakubangelwa khona ngokuhlanganyela kwezilingane ngenkathi kujova i-opioid painkiller, i-Opana (i-oxymorphone).
Ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, inani lamacala aqinisekisiwe likhuphukile ngo-190.
Ngemuva kokukhululwa kwezindaba, uPence wethula izinyathelo zezempilo eziphuthumayo, kuhlanganise nohlelo lokushintshanisa inaliti yesikhashana abazobe bezombusazwe abazondayo esifundazweni bebaphikile isikhathi eside. Uhlelo lwesikhathi eside lunikeze abasebenzisi eScott County nge ukwelulekwa kokunciphisa ukulimala kanye nokunikezwa kweviki yamahhala. Ukwengeza, ukubhaliswa kwe-site kuHulumeni omusha weHulumeni eHanzania ( HIP) uhlinzeka izakhamuzi ezihola imali engenayo ngokushesha ukuhlinzekwa kwezempilo.
I-Indiana iphakathi kwamazwe amabili ase-United States aphikisana nokusatshalaliswa nokutholakala kwezinsiza ngaphandle kwemithi, ngenxa yokuzicabangela ukuthi ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Ukulandela ukuqhuma kwe-Indiana, abameli bombuso bavumile umthethosivivinywa ovumela izinhlelo zokushintshanisa izinaliti ukusebenza kwezinye izifunda kodwa kuphela uma igunya lezempilo lendawo "lisho isandulela-ngculazi sesifo sofuba se-hepatitis C phakathi kokujova abasebenzisi bezidakamizwa" futhi umkhomishana wezempilo wezwe uyavumelana nesicelo.
Imizamo yokudlulela umthetho ongenamkhawulo, isisekelo sombuso wokushintshanisa inaliti isikhathi eside isilokhu sinqotshwa, uPence ngokwakhe ememezela ukuphikisana kwakhe nesilinganiso esisekelwe "ekusizeni."
Kwakungeyona nje isibonelo lapho uPence ethatha isinqumo sokujeziswa ngokumelene nezinyathelo zokuvimbela i-HIV. Ngesikhathi esebenza kahle ngeCongress ngo-2000, uPence uhlongoze ukuthi izimali ze-HIV ezihlinzekwa ngaphansi kwe-Ryan White Care Act zihanjiswe ezinhlanganweni "ezigubha nokugqugquzela" ubungqingili "kulezi zikhungo ezisiza labo abafuna ukushintsha ukuziphatha kwabo ngokobulili."
Ngenkathi ukuqubukana kuvelele kahle umhlaba wonke e-Indiana kanye nendawo encane, edolobheni elihlwempu elingasenyakatho yeKentucky-abaningi bememezela lesi sigameko "esingakaze senzeke-" abanye baxwayisa ukuthi akufanele kubonakale sengathi bodwa noma abahlukile.
Indlela i-Indiana Outbreak ebonisa ngayo izitayela eRussia naseYurophu Ephakathi
Nakuba ucansi luvame ukubhekwa njengendlela yokuqala yokudlulisa i-HIV emhlabeni jikelele, ucwaningo lwe-epidemiological lubonise ukuthi lokhu akuyona njalo indaba. Eminyakeni yamuva, izikhulu zezempilo emhlabeni wonke zibone i-spike eshaqisayo ekutheleleni okusha kwe-HIV e-Central Asia, eMpumalanga Yurophu naseRussia, okwenyuka kwamaphesenti angaba ngu-250 kusukela ngo-2001.
Eziningi zalezi zifunda, ukujova ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa namuhla kubhekwa njengendlela yokuqala yokudlulisela i-HIV-kuhlanganise ne-Estonia lapho amaphesenti angu-50 azo zonke izifo ezintsha ezitholakala e-IDU naseSt. Petersburg, eRussia lapho ama-IDU emele amaphesenti angu-59 azo zonke izifo ze-HIV. Konke okukhulunywe ngakho, amaphesenti angu-40 azo zonke izifo ezisha ngaphakathi esifundeni kufanele, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, ukwabelana ngezinaliti ezingcolile nge-HIV.
Nakuba ukufana okuphakathi kuka-Austin, i-Indiana, ne-Asia Ephakathi kungase kungabonakali konke okubonakalayo okokuqala, abashayeli bokutheleleka cishe bafundiswa izincwadi.
Ubumpofu obujulile, ukungabi khona kwezinsizakalo zokuvimbela, kanye nomgwaqo wokudayisa izidakamizwa owaziwayo ngokuvamile bahlangana ndawonye, njengoba benza e-Austin, ukudala "isiphepho esiphelele" sokuqhuma.
E-Indiana, isibonelo, i-Highway 65, ehlukanisa ngqo nge-Austin, iyaziwa njengomzila omkhulu wezidakamizwa phakathi kwamadolobha ase-Indianapolis naseLouisville, eKentucky. Amazinga aphezulu obumpofu e-Austin (37%) ayaziwa ukuthi axhunyaniswa nezinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokufaka injini, ngamanethiwekhi omphakathi asetshenziselwe ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezifana ne-Opana (okubalwa phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezintathu ezisemthethweni ezikhishwe kabi e-US namhlanje ).
Ngodokotela oyedwa kuphela edolobheni kanye nokulahlwa okujulile kwezinhlelo zokushintshanisa izinaliti ukushayela ukuhlukunyezwa ngisho nangaphezulu komhlaba, iningi liyavuma ukuthi kwakuncane ukuvimbela ngempela ukuqhuma kwesibindi kungenzeki.
Uma kuqhathaniswa, ukukhulelwa kwezifo ze-IDU e-Asia Ephakathi, eMpumalanga Yurophu naseRussia kungahle kulandwe emuva phakathi nawo-1990 ngemuva kokuhlukana kweSoviet Union. Ukuwa kwezenhlalakahle ezenza abadayisi bezidakamizwa abanikezwa ithuba lokukhulisa i-heroin yokuhweba e-Afghanistan, umkhiqizi omkhulu we-opium emhlabeni wonke, kulo lonke isifunda. Ngendlela encane yokuphendula kukahulumeni futhi engekho emisebenzini yokuvimbela kanye / noma yokwelapha izidakamizwa, ukushayisana phakathi kwama-IDU kuvunyelwe ukuba kukhule kulokho okwamanje: ukugula okungaphezu kwesigidi se-HIV kulezi zifunda ezintathu kuphela.
Ukujova Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithi Yezidakamizwa e-US
Izitayela ezifanayo azibonwanga eNyakatho Afrika kuphela naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, kodwa emaphaketheni kulo lonke iNyakatho Melika. Eqinisweni, ngonyaka ka-2007, ukujova ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwabikwa ukuthi yiyona yesithathu ebhekene nenkinga engozini e-US, emva kokuxhumana ngokocansi besilisa nabesilisa kanye noxhumana nabo ocansini obufanayo .
Kusukela ekuqaleni-kuya kowezi-1990, imizamo yenze ukwandisa izinhlelo zokushintshanisa izinaliti zomthetho, eziyimfihlo ukuze kuncishiswe kangcono izifo ze-HIV nezinye izifo ezithathelanayo phakathi kwama-IDU. Namuhla, kunezinhlelo ezinjalo ezingaphezu kwezingu-200 e-US, isakaza amasondo angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-36 njalo ngonyaka.
E-New York State, izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi zibike ukuthi isigameko se-HIV phakathi kwama-IDU sasiwe ngamaphesenti angu-52 ngo-1992, ngenkathi uhlelo lokuqala lokushintshanisa inaliti lusekwa kuqala, kube ngamaphesenti amathathu ngo-2012. Ukusetshenziswa kwe- antiretroviral therapy phakathi kwama-IDU kubonakala kakhulu sandla emazingeni aphansi.
Imithombo:
Umnyango Wezempilo wase-Indiana State. "I-State, Local and Federal Officials Respond to HIV Outbreak." Indiana, Indianapolis; ukushicilelwa okukhishwe ngo-Mashi 27, 2015.
> Nichols, C. "Ukwesekwa kukaPence ngokuguqula ukuguqulwa akuyona into exazululwe." I-politifact. NgoDisemba 2, 2016; eshicilelwe ku-inthanethi
Strathdee, S. and Stockman, J. "Epidemiology ye-HIV Phakathi kwabasebenzisi abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingenayo Injecting and Non-Injecting: Current Trends and Implications for Interventions." Umbiko wamanje we-HIV / AIDS. Meyi 2010; 7 (2): 99-106.
Okuhlaza, T .; UMartin, E .; Bowman, S .; et al. "Ukuphila Ngemva Kokuvinjelwa: Ukuhlolwa kweSyring Syringe Exchange." I-American Journal of Health Public. May 2012; 102 (5): e9-e16.
UMnyango WezeMpilo we-AIDS eNew York. " Ukuncishiswa Kokulimala Okuphelele Kuguqula Ukunyuka Kwezifo Ezintsha Zokutheleleka Nge-HIV. " Albany, eNew York; ikhishwe ngoMashi 4, 2014.