I-Truvada i-single-pilice, i-dose eqondile yokuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa ezinama-antiretroviral amabili, i-tenofovir ne-emtricitabine, zombili ezihlukaniswa njenge-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Izingxenye ezimbili zezidakamizwa zithengiswa ngokuzimela njenge-Viread (tenofovir) ne-Emtriva (emtricitabine, i-FTC).
I-Truvada yamukelwa yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngo-Agasti 2004 ukuze isetshenziswe ekwelapheni i-HIV , ngokukhethekile kubantu abadala nabantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-12 ababa amakhilogremu angu-35 (35kg) noma ngaphezulu.
I-Truvada yanikezwa imvume ye-FDA ngoJulayi 2012 ukuze isetshenziswe ekuvimbeleni ukutholakala kwe-HIV kubantu abanobungozi obucayi kuhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i- pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) .
Ukubunjwa
Ithebhulethi eyenziwe ngokuhlanganisa i-300mg tenofovir diisopropyl fumarate no-200mg emtricitabine. Ithebhulethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-oblong ifilimu eboshwe futhi ihlanganiswe ngakwesokunene nenombolo "701" enye enye negama lomenzi "GILEAD."
Isilinganiso
- Iziguli ezine-HIV: i-tablet eyodwa nsuku zonke, ithathwe ngomlomo noma ngaphandle kokudla.
- Ukuze usebenzise njenge-PrEP: i-tablet eyodwa nsuku zonke, ithathwe ngomlomo noma ngaphandle kokudla.
- Iziguli ezinokukhubazeka kwezinso (kidney): i-tablet eyodwa ithathwa njalo emahoreni angu-48 uma imvume ye-creatinine iphakathi kuka-30-49mL / iminithi. Uma ungaphansi kwe-30mL / iminithi noma ku-hemodialysis, ungasebenzisi .
Imiyalo
Kulezi ziguli ezine-HIV, i-Truvada kufanele ithathwe ngokuthelelana ngokuhambisana namanye ama-antiretroviral agents.
Uma lisetshenziswe njenge-PrEP, i-Truvada ithathwa yedwa njengengxenye yesu lokuvimbela igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, elibandakanya amakhondomu nezinye imikhuba yobulili ephephile.
Imiphumela Ejwayelekile Ejwayelekile
Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-Truvada (okwenzeka ku-5% noma ngaphansi kwamacala) kufaka:
- I-nausea
- Uhudo
- Ukukhathala
- Sinusitis
- Izinwele
- Isizungu
- Ukucindezeleka
- Rash
Ukungafani
Njengomthetho, noma iyiphi imithi eqondile yokuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa equkethe i-tenofovir, emtricitabine noma i-lamivudine (esinye isidakamizwa se-NRTI esifana ne-emtricitabine) akufanele sithathwe nge-Truvada.
- Imithi elwa negciwane lesandulela ngculaza: i- Atripla (tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz), i-Combivir (Retrovir + lamivudine), i-Complera (tenofovir + emtricitabine + rilpivirine), i-Emtriva (emtricitabine, i-FTC), i-Epivir (lamivudine, i-3TC), i- Epzicom (abacavir + lamivudine) , Stribild (tenofovir + emtricitabine + elvitegravir + cobicistat), i- Triumeq (abacavir + lamivudine + dolutegravir), i-Trizivir (Retrovir + abacavir + lamivudine), i-Viread (i-tenofovir)
- Imithi ye-Hepatitis B: Hepsera (adefovir)
Ukusebenzisana
Memezela udokotela wakho uma uthatha noma yikuphi okulandelayo:
- Ama-Anticoagulants: Lixiana (edoxaban), Pradaxa (dabigatran)
- Imithi yokwelashwa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu engekho encane: Ofev / Vargatef (nintedanib)
Ukucatshangelwa Ukwelashwa
I-Truvada kufanele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela ezigulini ezinomlando wokukhubazeka kwezinso (kidney). Hlala uhlola imvume yokudalulwa kwemvelo ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa. Ezigulini ezinengozini yokungasebenzi, zibandakanya imvume yokudalulwa kwe-creinine, i-serum phosphorus, i-urine glucose kanye namaprotheni omchamo uma kuqapha.
Ukunakekela kufanele kuthathwe ngenkathi kuqondiswa i-Truvada neVIVX (didanosine) yemithi ye-antiretroviral ye-HIV. Nakuba izindlela zokuxhumana zingaziwa, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuphathwa ngokubambisana kungandisa ukwanda kwe-Videx ye-serum futhi kwandise amathuba okuba izenzakalo ezimbi (isb., I-pancreatic, neuropathy).
Kunconywa ukuthi i-Videx incishiswe ibe yi-250mg kuziguli ezilinganisa amapremu angu-132 (60kg) noma ngaphezulu.
Idatha etholakalayo yomuntu kanye nesilwane iphakamisa ukuthi i-Truvada ayinakwandisa ubungozi bokukhubazeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa . Kodwa-ke, ngoba imiphumela ye-tenofovir ne-emtricitabine enganeni ayisaziwa, omama bayelulekwa ukuba bangalusi uma bethatha i-Truvada.
Imithombo:
I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "I-FDA ivumela ukuhlanganiswa okubili okuyi-Dose-Dose Products for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection." I-Silver Spring, e-Maryland; ukushicilelwa okukhishwe ngo-Agasti 2, 2004.
I-FDA. "I-FDA ivumela izidakamizwa zokuqala ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthola igciwane lesandulela ngculaza." I-Silver Spring, e-Maryland; ukushicilelwa okukhishwe ngoJulayi 16, 2012.