Isifo senhliziyo sihlala singumbulali oyedwa weMelika. Ngokusho kweCenter for the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ukufa kwabayisishiyagalombili kubangelwa uhlobo oluthile lwesifo senhliziyo.
Abantu abangaba ngu-735,000 abanesifo senhliziyo kanti abantu abangu-795,000 bane-stroke njalo ngonyaka.
Izifo zenhliziyo, ezishiywa zingaphathwa kabi, zingaholela ekukhulekeleni okukhulu nokufa. Lokhu akugcini nje kuphela izindleko zempilo, kodwa kuzokubiza ngama-dollar. Ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-CDC Foundation lucatshangelwa ukuthi izindleko zokwelashwa eziqondile zesifo senhliziyo zingafinyelela ku-$ 818 billion ngonyaka ngonyaka ka-2030. Uma ufaka umkhiqizo olahlekile ekuxukeni, lelo nani lingakhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-1 trillion ngonyaka.
Kubaluleke kunanini ngaphambili ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela lezi zifo uma kunokwenzeka. Ukudla okulungile , ukuzivocavoca njalo , nokuyeka ukubhema kungasiza, kepha ngezinye izikhathi izakhi zethu zofuzo ziqhuba umbukiso. Ukuhlolwa kokuvimbela nokwelapha okuqala kungasiza ukunciphisa izinkinga ezivela kulezi zifo, mhlawumbe ngisho nokuziphilisa. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, i-Medicare ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kanye nokwelapha, eziningi zazo mahhala kodwa ezinye kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
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I-Medicare ne-Aneurysm ScreeningAma-Aneurysms ayancipha ezindaweni ezithinta imithwalo yakho ebangela ukuba buthakathaka futhi ikhulise. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lezi zine-aneurysms zenzeka ebuchosheni, enhliziyweni, noma esiswini, zingaba yingozi kakhulu uma zihlukana. Izinyembezi e-aorta, isitsha segazi esithwala igazi kusuka enhliziyweni kuya emzimbeni, singabangela ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi nokufa okusheshayo.
I-Medicare ikhokhela ukuhlolwa okukhululekile kwama- aortic aneurtic , uma nje udokotela wakho engumhlinzeki obambe iqhaza . Ukuhlolwa kuhlanganiswa kuphela uma izimo ezithile zifinyelelwa. Ngokukodwa, kufanele ube nomlando womndeni we-aortic aneurysm noma kumele ube ngumuntu phakathi kweminyaka engama-65 no-75 ubudala oye wabhema ugwayi 100 noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphila. Umuntu obhemayo wesifazane, ngisho noma ephuza ngaphezu komlingani wakhe wesilisa, akafanelekile ukuhlola ukukhululeka kwe-aneurysm ngaphandle kokuba unomlando womndeni.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa nge-ultrasound engeyona engavamile futhi inikezwa kanye kuphela ngaphansi kwe-Medicare.
Ungase uhlakulele i-aneurysm yesisu esikhathini esizayo empilweni, kepha uMedare ngeke akhokhe ukuze abuke futhi, ngaphandle kokuthi uthuthukise izimpawu.
Qaphela ukuthi i-Medicare ayinikeli ukuhlolwa okukhululekile kwama-aneurysms kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (okungukuthi, ebuchosheni) ngisho noma kukhona umlando womndeni owaziwayo.
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I-Medicare ne-Blood Pressure ScreeningOmunye kwabathathu baseMelika unomfutho wegazi ophezulu, ngokwe-CDC. Ngeshwa, umfutho wegazi ophezulu unesisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke esibangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokushaywa yisifo. Lokho kubeka ingxenye enkulu yabantu base-US engozini.
Kunezigaba ezihlukahlukene ze-hypertension . Inombolo yegazi eliphezulu yi-systolic blood pressure yakho, inombolo ephansi ukucindezela kwakho kwe-diastolic. Ukuphakama kwesiteji sakho, kuyingozi kakhulu.
- Okuvamile: Ngaphansi kuka-120/80
- I-pre-high blood pressure: 120 kuya ku-139/80 kuya ku-89
- Isinyathelo 1 somfutho wegazi ophezulu: 140 kuya ku-159/90 kuya ku-99
- Isigaba sesi-2 somfutho wegazi ophezulu: Kukhulu kuno-160/100
Uhlolwe ngokusekelwe ekufundeni okuphakeme kwe-systolic noma i-diastolic yegazi. Isibonelo, uma ingcindezi yegazi ingu-135/90, uyisiteji soku-1 noma ngabe i-systolic blood pressure yakho isandulela kakhulu.
Ngeshwa, umfutho wegazi ophakeme "ungumbulali othulile." Iningi labantu abanalo akuzizwa ligula kulo. Ngaphandle kokuhlola okufanelekile, abazi ukuthi basengozini, abazi ukuthi benze izinguquko endleleni yabo yokuphila, futhi abaqalwa ngemithi , uma kudingeka.
Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yegazi kanye nokweluleka kuyinkululeko njengengxenye yeSiyakwamukela ku-Medicare kanye nokuvakashelwa konyaka . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yegazi ngokuvamile kuvame ukufakwa ehhovisi lakho. Udokotela wakho akwenzeki ukukukhokhisa ngokuhlola.
Ungakhetha ukuqapha ukucindezela kwegazi ngokwakho. Ama-pharmacy ngokuvamile ane umshini we-blood pressure ozowasebenzisa noma ungathenga ukucindezela kwegazi lakho.
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I-Medicare ne-Cholesterol ScreeningNgokuvamile i- cholesterol ithola i-rap embi, kodwa asikwazanga ukuhlala ngaphandle kwayo. Yenza i-membranes yonke iseli emzimbeni, futhi isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-aldosterone elawula usawoti namanzi; i-bile eyokusiza ukugaya ukudla okunamafutha; i-cortisol elawula ushukela wegazi lakho, iqinisa isimiso sakho somzimba, futhi ikusize ukubhekana nokucindezeleka; ama-hormone afana ne-estrogen, i-progesterone, ne-testosterone ebeka izici zakho zobulili; futhi i-vitamin D esekela impilo yethambo.
Inkinga ukuthi i-cholesterol eningi ingandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, okungenani uma ikhula emithanjeni. Le cholesterol eyengeziwe ingabangela ekubunjweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ezinokugxilwa, okungavimbela igazi ukugeleza emithanjeni noma engakwazi ukuphuma emagqumeni, ekugcineni ivimbele imithwalo encane yegazi engezansi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi, ukuhlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni noma enhliziyweni kungasethinteka, okuholela ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo noma ngesifo sohlangothi.
Ukuphatha i-cholesterol ephakeme kuyisihluthulelo sokunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
Yingakho i-Medicare ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol mahhala kanye njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Gcina engqondweni noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okungeziwe kuzophuma ephaketheni lakho.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi Medicare ngeke ikhokhele ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol kaningi. Kuyinto kuphela ukuthi ngeke ikhululeke. Uma une-coronary artery disease, i-cholesterol ephakeme, noma ezinye izifo ezingezinhle zesifo senhliziyo, udokotela wakho angase ahlele umjikelezo wegazi njalo njalo kabili ngonyaka. Kulesi simo, uzokhokha u- 20% wezinkolelo zokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa ngalunye.
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I-Medicare ne-Heart Cisease ScreeningKulo nyaka, abantu abangu-525,000 baseMelika bazothola ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo yabo yokuqala kanye nabangu-210 000 abaye babe nayo eyodwa ekuphileni kwabo bayoba nokunye. Kulabo bantu abangu-735,000, abangu-370 000 bazofa.
Isifo senhliziyo sivame kakhulu e-United States. Ezinye zezinto zethu eziyingozi ngenxa yezifo zomzimba we-coronary isifo esingenakugwenywa-iminyaka yobudala (iminyaka engama-65 noma ngaphezulu), ubulili (owesilisa), nohlanga (amaNdiya aseMelika, ama-Alaska namazwe asePacific asemngciphekweni omkhulu). Ezinye izici eziyingozi, ngokwezinga elithile, ngaphansi kokulawula kwethu.
Kulezi zici eziyingozi ezingaguquguqukayo, i-CDC ibika ukuthi cishe isigamu samaMelika sinesinye sezici ezintathu eziyinhloko ezingozini zesifo senhliziyo. *
- Utshwala luyaphatha kabi
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu *
- I-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi *
- Isifo sikashukela
- Umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo yokuqala
- Ukudla okubi
- Indlela yokuphila yama-sedentary (ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba)
- Ukubhema *
- Isisindo (ngokweqile noma ngokweqile)
Uma unezinkinga ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, ungase ukhathazeke ngengozi yakho yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka komzimba kuyindlela eyodwa yokuhlola isifo senhliziyo. Kulezi zivivinyo, inhliziyo yakho ihlolwe njengoba ugijima noma uhamba ngezinyawo noma uma ungeke ukwazi ukwenza kanjalo, imithi inikezwa ukulingisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ingayiphendula kanjani umzimba. Izinguquko enhliziyweni yakho ngaphambi nangemva kokuzivocavoca zingabonakalisa ukuthi kukhona ukuvimbela emithanjeni edla inhliziyo yakho.
Inhliziyo ihlolwe ngendlela ye-electrocardiogram (EKG), i-echocardiogram (i-ultrasound yenhliziyo), noma i-imaging yenukliya lapho izithombe zentliziyo yakho zithathwa emva kokujova nge-traceable radioactive.
Ukuhlolwa okungavamile kokucindezeleka kudinga ukulandelwa ngokuhlolwa okucacile okuqhubekayo, ukuphazamisa inhliziyo . Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngumuntu we-cardiologist ofaka i-catheter engxenyeni enkulu futhi ayiqondise enhliziyweni yakho. Idayi ihanjelwa enhliziyweni ukuze ifune ukusondelana kwemithambo ye-coronary. I-stent ingabekwa ngisho nangenkambiso yenqubo yokugcoba ukuvula nokuphatha izinhlobo ezithile ze-blockages.
Ngaphandle kwezibonakaliso, i-Medicare ayikhokheli ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka komzimba. Mane nje, lezi zivivinyo azenzelwe izinhloso zokuhlola.
I-Medicare ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula komzimba kubantu abaye bazi isifo senhliziyo kanye nabantu abanezinsola ezisenhliziyweni ezisuselwa ezimpawu (ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula, njll). Lezi zivivinyo zihlanganiswa ngaphansi kweNgxenye B, zikushiye ukuthi ukhokhe ukuqinisekiswa kwe-20%.
Izwi elivela
Ingozi yesifo senhliziyo iyanda njengoba sikhula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubulili noma ubuhlanga. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, akumangalisi ukuthi i-Medicare, umshwalense omkhulu kunabo bonke asebekhulile baseMelika, uhlanganisa ukuhlinzekwa kokuvimbela nokuhlolwa kwesifo senhliziyo. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuba akufundise ngokuguqula indlela yokuphila nokukuphatha ngemithi, ngethemba ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba izinkinga ezinjenge-heart attack and stroke zikhule. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Aneurysm, ukuhlolwa kwe-high blood pressure, ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol, kanye nokuhlolwa kokucindezeleka komzimba konke kuyi-schedule yemali ye-Medicare, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi zihlanganiswa njalo. Qonda ukuthi yiyiphi imithi eyenzayo futhi ayikufihli futhi uma ifihla, ukuze ungabanjwa ngesikweletu esingalindelekile.
> Imithombo:
> Izifo Zenhliziyo Ne-Stroke Izindleko ZaseMelika Elinganiselwa ku-R1 Billion Usuku Ngama-Medical Costs, Ukukhiqiza Okulahlekile. I-CDC Foundation iwebhusayithi. https://www.cdcfoundation.org/pr/2015/heart-disease-and-stroke-cost-america-nearly-1-billion-day-medical-costs-lost-productivity. Ishicilelwe ngo-Ephreli 29, 2015.
> Izifo zezinhliziyo zenhliziyo. Amasevisi Ewebhusayithi Yokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 24, 2017.
> Amazwi aphezulu okucindezelwa kwegazi. Amasevisi Ewebhusayithi Yokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm. Kubuyekezwe ngoNovemba 30, 2016.
> Umbiko weSikhombisa weKomidi leZwelonke elihlangene mayelana nokuvimbela, ukutholakala, ukuhlolwa nokuphathwa kwe-High Blood Pressure: Umbiko we-JNC 7. I-JAMA. 2003 Meyi 21; 289 (19): 2560-72. doi: 10.1001 / jama.289.19.2573
> Ama-Stroke Facts. Amasevisi Ewebhusayithi Yokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm. Kubuyekezwe ngo-September 6, 2017.