Lapho abantu bacabanga ngesifo sikaParkinson , izimpawu zokuqala ezivame ukungena engqondweni zihamba nezimpawu ezifana nokuthuthumela, ukuqina, noma ukuhamba kancane.
Kodwa izimpawu ezingekho emotweni , njengezinkinga zemizwelo nezinkinga zokulala, nazo zivame eParkinson. Esinye isibonakaliso esingenakuqhathaniswa ochwepheshe abagxila kakhulu ekulahlekeleni iphunga, okwenzeka cishe ngamaphesenti angu-90 abantu abanesifo sokuqala se-Parkinson.
Lokhu kulahleka kwephunga (okuthiwa i-hyposmia noma ukungasebenzi kahle) kungonakali izinga lomuntu lomuntu, kodwa kungenye yezimpawu zokuqala zikaPasinson.
Ngakho-ke ukuthatha le mbono isinyathelo esingaphambili, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi uma iphunga lomuntu liphazamiseka kusengaphambili, lingase linikeze inkomba kwisifo sabo sezinzwa-futhi manje kukhona ucwaningo oluye lwashintsha lo mbono.
Ucwaningo olubhekiswe ekuhlolweni kokuHlonipha ukubikezela izifo zikaParkinson
Esicwaningweni se- Neurology, umqondo wokuhogela abantu abangaphezu kuka-2500 enempilo uhlolwe ngo-1999-2000. Laba bahlanganyeli babeneminyaka yobudala engama-75 futhi bonke babehlala ezindaweni ezinkulu zasePittsburgh, ePennsylvania naseMemphis, eTennessee.
Umqondo wabo wephunga wawuhlolwe ngokusebenzisa i-Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT). Kulesi sivivinyo, abahlanganyeli baqale bakhala futhi bazwa iphunga eli-12 elihlukile. Bese kwadingeka bahlonze iphunga elihlukahlukene njenge-sinamoni, ilamula, i-petroli, insipho, no-anyanisi ezimpendulo ezine zokukhetha eziningi.
Amathuluzi amathadatha amaningana asetshenziselwa ukukhomba abantu abakha isifo sikaParkinson ngo-Agasti 31, 2012.
Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi phakathi nesikhathi esilandelayo sokulandelela iminyaka engu-9, kwavela amacala angu-42 okutholakala nesifo sikaParkinson , ngakho-ke, ukuxhuma kwakutholakala phakathi kokungahambi kahle kwempepho kanye nengozi ephakeme ka-Parkinson.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu ababenokuzwa iphunga elibi kunabo bonke (okusho ukuthi bahola e-tertile ephansi kunazo zonke zezingqikithi ze-BIST) babenengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa isifo sika-Parkinson.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho isifundo sehlehliselwe ubuhlanga nobulili, isixhumanisi sasiqine kakhulu kubahlanganyeli baseCaucasian, uma kuqhathaniswa nabahlanganyeli base-Afrika-Amamerika, futhi besilisa, uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane.
Zithini Umphumela?
Umlayezo wokuthatha ekhaya lapha ukuthi "ukuhlola ukuhlolwa" kungakwazi ukubikezela ingozi yomuntu yokuthuthukisa isifo sikaParkinson. Lokho kusho ukuthi kunezigcawu ezimbalwa okumele zigcinwe engqondweni.
Esinye sokuthi ukulahlekelwa iphunga kungenziwa ngenxa yezinye izinkinga zempilo ngaphandle kukaParkinson. Ezinye izifo zezinzwa ezifana ne- Alzheimer's zingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwephunga, njengoba izimo ezingenayo neurologi zingase zibe njenge- rhinosinusitis engavamile. Yingakho ukuhlela ukuhlobisa iphunga okucacile ku-PD kubalulekile, futhi abacwaningi abakakahlungi konke lokhu.
Okwesibili, "iphunga ukuhlolwa" kumele kuvivinyelwe ukuphazamiseka okunephunga elifanele. Ukusho nje ukuthi umuntu ulahlekelwe iphunga kunengqondo. Mhlawumbe umuntu oyedwa kunzima ukubandlulula phakathi kwephunga kanti omunye akakwazi ukubona iziphunga. Noma umuntu angase abe nombango ophakeme wokuthola iphunga.
Ngalokho, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ku-Parkinson, kukhona ukwehla okuhle ekukhoneni okwenziwe iphunga, esikhundleni sokuthola iphunga elimnandi, okusho ukuthi "bangalizwa," kodwa bangasho ukuthi kuyini.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isixhumanisi noma inhlangano nje ukuxhumana noma ukutholakala okusekelwe kuzibalo-akusikho amaphesenti angu-100 okubikezela komuntu oyedwa. Ngamanye amazwi, umuntu angase alahlekelwe umqondo wokuhogela futhi angalokothi ahlakulele isifo sikaParkinson. Ngokufanayo, kunabantu abanesifo sikaPasinson abagcina umuzwa wabo wephunga.
Imbangela Yokulahlekelwa Kokuphunga Emagqeni KaPasinson
Akucaci ukuthi kungani ukungasebenzi kahle okwenzekayo kulesi sifo sikaParkinson.
Ochwepheshe bathole ukuthi ukuhogela ukulahlekelwa kwe-correlates nenombolo ephansi ye-neurons ye-cholinergic (amangqamuzana angama-nerve ekhulula ubuchopho bemakhemikhali, i-acetylcholine) endaweni ye-nucleus basalis yase-Meynart-isifunda sobuchopho esiya e-cortex eyinhloko lapho uzwa khona iphunga.
Ngololu lwazi, iphunga ukuhlolwa okugxile ekutholeni ukukhubazeka kwe-cholinergic kungase kube kuhle. Kusesekuseni kakhulu ukutshela, noma kunjalo, uphenyo oluningi luzodingeka lwenziwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abacwaningi baye basikisela ukuthi isifo sikaParkinson singase siqale empilweni yokugaya futhi i-bulf olfactory (isifunda sobuchopho esilawula umuzwa wephunga), hhayi i-substantia nigra (lapho ekugcineni kuholela ekwenzeni i-dopamine-producing cell nerve ukufa). Lokhu kungaba ukuthi kungani izimpawu zokuqala, njengokuqothulwa nokulahlekelwa iphunga, ziqala iminyaka ngaphambi kwezimpawu zemoto ezifana nokuphumula nokuqina komfutho.
Izwi elivela
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ososayensi baqeda yini ukuhlola iphunga ukuze bahlole ingozi (noma ngisho nokuhlonza ) isifo sikaParkinson asicacile. Kodwa, okungenani, lokhu isithakazelo ekulahlekeleni iphunga kungenza odokotela bacabangele ukuthi i-Parkinson iyini lapho iziguli zayo ziyikhuphula. Beka ngokuhlukile, kungavimbela lesi sibonakaliso ukuthi singanakiwe, okuyinto ngokuvamile.
Mhlawumbe ngendlela esizayo, ososayensi bangakwazi ukuyeka isifo sikaParkinson emigwaqeni yaso, lapho kuqhubeka isibani esilula ngaphambi kokuba sifinyelele ku-substantia nigra.
> Imithombo:
> Bohnen NI, u-Albin RL. Uhlelo lwe-cholinergic nesifo se-parkinson. I-Behav Brain Res. 2011 Aug 10; 221 (2): 564-73.
> Bowman GL. Ama-biomarkers ukutholakala kokuqala kwe-Parkinson isifo: Iphunga lokungahambisani nokungasebenzi kahle. I-Neurology . 2017 Okthoba 3; 89 (14): 1432-34. i-doi: 10.1212 / WNL.0000000000004383.
> Chen H et al. Ukuzwakalisa kanye nesigameko se-Parkinson isifo kubantu abadala base-US abamhlophe nabamnyama asebekhulile. I-Neurology. 2017 Okthoba 3; 89 (14): 1441-47. i-doi: 10.1212 / WNL.0000000000004382.
> Doty RL. Ukungasebenzi okuphawulekayo ku-Parkinson isifo. Nat Rev Neurol . 2012 Meyi 15; 8 (6): 329-39.
> UMichael J. Fox Foundation. Ukucwaninga kukaParkinson. Ukulahlekelwa Ukulahlekelwa Nezifo ZasePasinson.